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Rygar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the 1986 arcade game and its ports. For the PlayStation 2 game, seeRygar: The Legendary Adventure.For the Nintendo Wii game, seeRygar: The Battle of Argus.

Rygar
North American arcade flyer
Developer(s)Tecmo[a]
Publisher(s)
Tecmo
  • Arcade
    NES
Designer(s)Hideo Yoshizawa
Platform(s)
Release
June 6, 1986
  • Arcade
    NES
    • EU:March 30, 1990
    Commodore 64
    ZX Spectrum
    Amstrad CPC
    Master System
    Lynx
    X68000
Genre(s)Platform
Mode(s)

Rygar[b]is a 1986side-scrollingplatform gamecreated byTecmo.Originally released for Japanesearcadesin June 1986, the game was subsequentlyportedto theNES(1987),Commodore 64(1987),ZX Spectrum(1987),Amstrad CPC(1987),Master System(1988),Atari Lynx(1990), andX68000(1994).Emulationshave also been released forXbox(2005),Sprintmobile phones(2005),Wii(2009),PlayStation 4(2014),Nintendo Switch(2018), andAndroid(2023), with an unofficial fan-made emulation released forAmiga AGAin 2019. Aremake,Rygar: The Legendary Adventure,was released forPlayStation 2in 2002.The Legendary Adventurewasremasteredfor the Wii in 2008 asRygar: The Battle of Argus.

The original arcade game has very little story, with the player assuming the role of a "Legendary Warrior" who must fight through a series of increasingly hostile landscapes so as to defeat Ligar, an evil "dominator". Later ports, particularly the NES and Lynx versions, expanded on the storyline, with the NES version depicting Rygar as a warrior returned from the dead to fulfil an ancient prophecy. In all versions of the game, the mainmechanicis the use of a weapon called the "Diskarmor", a razor-sharp shield with a long chain attached to it that operates like ayo-yo.

Rygarreceived mixed reviews across its various platforms. The most lauded version of the game was the NES version, which was praised for incorporatingRPGelements into an otherwise standard platformer, and which has since been recognised as an important early example of theMetroidvaniasub-genre. On the other hand, the Commodore, Spectrum, and Amstrad ports were poorly received, particularly theirgraphics.A common criticism across all platforms was the game's high difficulty. Financially, the games have been successful; the original arcade version proved profitable worldwide, and as of June 2007, the various ports, emulations, and remakes ofRygarhave sold 1.5 million units across all platforms.

Gameplay

[edit]

Rygaris aside-scrollingplatformerin which the basicgameplaysees theplayer charactermove left to right, with the player able to jump, duck, attack, and climb ropes.[10][11]Rygar's only weapon is his Diskarmor, a razor-sharp spinning shield that can be thrown some distance whilst staying attached to him, similar to ayo-yo.[12][13][14]Available attacks are a standard front-facing attack that can be used when Rygar is either standing up or ducking down, a curved overhead swing, and an airborne attack.[11]It is also possible for Rygar to briefly stun enemies by jumping on them.[3][15]There is nohealthin the game, and Rygar is immediately killed upon contact with an enemy (unless jumping on their head) or an enemy's projectile, or by falling from a platform.[3][16][17]

Screenshot of the original arcade version ofRygarshowing theHUD.Shown are the player's current score and rank (top left), their hi-score (top middle), the remaining time for the level (below hi-score), their remaining lives (bottom left), power-up slots (bottom middle), and current level number (bottom right).

There are five categories ofitemsthat the player can collect; bonus points,power-ups,extra lives, additional time, and screen bombs (destroys every enemy on the screen).[13][18]These items can be found in stones that spawn from the earth and are occasionally dropped by defeated enemies.[10][19]Power-ups boost the player's abilities, but they are not permanent and are lost when Rygar is killed.[16]There are five different types of power-ups; Sun Power (a straight overhead attack to replace the standard circular attack), Crown Power (the ability to kill multiple enemies with one hit), Cross Power (temporary invincibility), Tiger Power (the ability to kill enemies by jumping on them), and Star Power (extension of the Diskarmor's range).[20][21][22]Additionally, on rare occasions, a player may find an item with a question mark on it. Every time the player hits the item with the Diskarmor, the item changes into one of the above power-ups.[22]

Eachlevelhas a time limit and if the player goes over this limit, a powerful fire monster appears and aggressively tries to kill the player.[20][23]The longer the player evades him, the faster the monster gets.[11][22]At the end of each of the 27 levels, there is a safe zone where the player's score is tallied.[10][22]

The original arcade game also featured whatTecmoreferred to as a "Buy-In" feature. When the player has lost all their lives (of which they begin with three), a countdown appears onscreen but if they insert more coins before it reaches zero, they can continue playing from the point of their furthest progression rather than restarting the game from the beginning. However, this option is only available in levels 1-20; during levels 21-27, if the player loses all their lives, they must restart the entire game.[13][24]The reason for this was to prevent players paying their way to the end of the game by continually dying and resurrecting. Instead, Tecmo wanted to force players to develop the skills necessary to beat the last six levels.[25]The game also utilised ahotseatmechanic whereby two players can play in turn, with each player's progression independent of the other's.[26]

Plot

[edit]

The originalarcadeversion of the game has no real plot beyond the opening text, which reads,

4.5 billion years have passed since Earth's creation. Many dominators have ruled in all their glory, but time was their greatest enemy and it defeated their reign. And now a new dominator's reign begins...[c]

This "new dominator" is Ligar, a monster with the body of a large human male and the head of a lion, who is capable of jumping great distances. At the end of the game, Rygar fights Ligar in a large throne room, and after defeating him, a group of people arrive to celebrate with Rygar. Text then appears onscreen; "peace has again come to the world. A new resurrected threat may agian [sic] challenge you. "[d]

In the original Japanese arcade game, the player character was unnamed and referred to only as "Legendary Warrior." The game's final boss was named ライガー, which can be Romanized as both "Rygar" and "Ligar". This is because the Roman syllables "Ry" and "Li" both come from the same Japanese character, meaning there is no differentiation between "L" and "R" sounds. Due to this ambiguity, when the game was translated into English, the villain retained the game Ligar, but the hero was mistakenly called Rygar.[27][28]

TheCommodore 64,ZX Spectrum,andAmstrad CPCversions keep the opening text from the arcade version, but change the closing text to "Congratulations. You have defeated the evil tyranny." TheMaster Systemversion of the game doesn't expand on the plot, but the text that appears upon completing the game is notably different from the arcade version;

The sword of cross [sic] was taken back and peace did again come to Argool. People regained their smiling faces. The warrior who finished his fight returned to Argus. The warrior of Argus - you are really a true hero. The End.

Aside from theNESversion, theAtari Lynxversion provides the most backstory to the events of the game. In this version, the opening text reads,

for millions of years, the kings ruled the land in peace and prosperity against the minions of darkness. Suddenly the creatures of destruction took over these nations and plunged the world into eternal evil. Now, after 10,000 years a new king has returned to battle for these lands.

The manual goes into further detail, explaining that millions of years earlier, awizardbanished the "minions of darkness" to theunderworld,ushering in an era of peace and prosperity. Before he died, the wizard prophesied that the forces of darkness would rise again and humanity's only hope would be a hero recognisable by abirthmark— the Mark of the Wizard. At a later date, the darkness returned and began to conquer and subjugate humanity. 10,000 years passed, with humanity forced into tiny pockets of infertile land. Throughout that time, however, they never ceased hoping for the arrival of the prophesied hero. Rygar is that hero.[29]The closing text in this version reads, "all hail the mighty warrior Rygar. Due to your bravery and skills, you have saved our people and returned peace to our land. Bravo Rygar, hero of Argool."

TheX68000version keeps both the opening and closing text from the arcade original.

NES port

[edit]

The 1987 NES port, released in Japan asArgos no Senshi: Hachamecha Daishingeki[e]and in North America and Europe simply asRygar,expanded considerably on the gameplay basics of the arcade original, incorporatingaction RPGelements into the platformer framework.[28][30][31]The player character, his weapon, mode of attack, and many of the enemies remain the same, but the broadergame mechanicsare different. Whereas the arcade game is a standard side-scrolling platformer, the NES'sRygaris semi-open-ended,allowing the player to playnonlinearlyand get stronger over time, gaining permanent traits such as increased health or strength viaexperience pointsrather than by collecting power-ups. In this sense, the game has gone on to be acknowledged as an important and very early example of theMetroidvaniasubgenre.[12][30]

There are two types of experience point in the game; "Tone" and "Lasting". Tone increases Rygar's strength and how much damage he inflicts per hit, whereas lasting increases his health.[32]Each time the player kills an enemy, both tone and lasting points are granted to the player. With tone, every kill adds a fraction of additional strength to the player's attack. With lasting, the player must reach a certain number of points, at which time they will be awarded with an additional health point.[12][28]At the start of the game, the player has three health points but can earn up to twelve.[32]

The game also features a rudimentaryspellcastingmechanic. Rygar has access to three spells for the duration of the game; "Power-Up", "Attack & Assail", and "Recover". To use these spells, a certain amount of "Mind Points" are necessary. These Mind Points are in the form of stars which enemies randomly drop throughout the game. Power-Up requires three Mind Points and increases the speed, range, and damage of the Diskarmor until the player dies, at which time, it must be reactivated. Attack & Assail costs five points and after being cast, the next ten attacks will cause a flash that damages every on-screen enemy. Recover costs seven Mind Points, which is the maximum the player can have. This spell refills all of Rygar's health points.[28][33]

Screenshot of the NES version ofRygarshowing the hub area, which is played from atop-down perspective.

Unlike all other versions ofRygar,the NES version is not exclusively side-scrolling. At the beginning of the game, Rygar has access to much of the game's map, via a hub-like central area, which is played from atop-down perspective.[12][28][31]As the game progresses, new areas open up as a result of finding items such as thegrappling hook,crossbow,andpulley,which allow Rygar to get past previously impassable obstacles.[12][28][30]Rygar can also collect acoat of arms,which allows him to replenish his health in safe rooms.[34]These safe rooms are occupied byNPCswho will give advice to the player.[12][28]

Despite being considerably longer than all other versions ofRygar,the NES version did not have apassword feature,nor did the cartridge contain a battery to facilitatesaved games.This meant it had to be completed in a single playthrough. It did, however, have unlimited continues.[28][31]

To accompany and promote the NES release of the game, threemangacomics were published.Rygar: Birth of the Legendary Warrior[f]recounts the plot of the game. Written by Rikio Harada, it was published by Keibunsha as #20 of theirAdventure Hero's Booksseries.[35]Rygar: The Broken Seal[g]is a "choose your own adventure"story set in 1987. Ligar has once again returned, and the reader must summon Rygar to defend humanity.[36]Rygar: Crazy Advance[h]is a dramatised guide book in narrative form. Written by Minazuki Yuu, it was published byTokuma Shoten.[37]

Plot

[edit]

In this version of the game, Argool was once autopianparadise run by the five Indora gods, until the evil Ligar attacked and corrupted everything that was sacred;

the sky of the holy place was completely covered with the flying castle of Ligar and his army of dangerous beasts. These animalized soldiers came down from the sky and committed the most atrocious cruelties. In a single day, they established the kingdom of EVIL.[i][38]

In addition, Ligar took the "Door of Peace", an important symbol of the peace that the Indora gods had created. Unable to find a hero amongst them capable of defeating Ligar, the people turned to an ancient prophecy, which states,

when the peaceful land is covered with EVIL SPIRITS, a brave soldier will be brought to life from the dead, for the purpose of saving persecuted people.[j][38]

The people fervently prayed for this soldier, and after some time, Rygar returned from the dead, setting out to defeat Ligar and restore peace and prosperity to the land.[38]Rygar must visit the five Indora gods, each of whom will present him with an item necessary for defeating Ligar.[39]After gaining the five items, Rygar must then travel to Ligar's floating castle for the final confrontation.[28]

Upon defeating Ligar, Rygar enters the Door of Peace, restoring prosperity to the land and saving humanity. The closing text reads,

the door of peace was opened and peace did again come to Argool. People regained their smiling faces. The warrior who finished his fight returned to Argus. The warrior of Argus - you are really a true hero.

Other ports

[edit]

In 1987, the game was ported to theCommodore 64,ZX Spectrum,andAmstrad CPCbyProbe Softwareand published byU.S. Gold.[40]All three versions have significantly simplifiedgraphicsand reduced background details when compared to the arcade game. Themusicis also of lesser quality than in the arcade. Unique to the Commodore 64 version is that some of the enemies run extremely fast. In this version, the original 27 levels have been cut down to 16, and there is no finalboss.Instead, the game simply ends after the final zone, and the player is presented with a congratulatory message: "Congratulations. You have defeated the evil tyranny."[18]In the Spectrum version, while the complete 27 stages are included, it too is missing the final boss.[41]The Amstrad version also has 27 levels, but they are not the same as the arcade version - instead there is little variation between them, with lava fields and flowing streams recycled over and over again, cast against a constant black backdrop. The final boss has also been omitted. Instead, the game ends abruptly when the player reaches the final room. Both the Spectrum and Amstrad ports feature the same final text as the Commodore version.[42]

TheMaster Systemversion was released in 1988, exclusively in Japan, under the nameArgos no Juujiken.[k][13]It is much closer to the arcade version than prior releases, although the 27 levels have been compressed into five much longer levels.[13]These levels feature the occasional branching path, allowing the player to select from above-ground and underground routes. It also adds two new bosses in addition to the final boss.[13]This version was developed and published by Salio, Inc., adummy corporationcreated by Tecmo to allow them to circumventNintendo's exclusivity policy for third-party publishers.[13]

TheAtari Lynxport was developed byHaehn Softwareand published byAtari, Inc.in 1990. In this version some levels are different, and there are only 23. Additionally, the player cannot throw their shield above them unless they acquire the required power-up (in the original game, the power-up simply strengthens and improves the player's default upward attack).[17][43]This version expands the original story, and the end of game boss is considerably more monstrous, bigger, and tougher than in any prior version.[17]

TheX68000version was released in 1994, exclusively in Japan, and was developed and published by Dempa Micomsoft as volume nine of theirVideo Game Anthologyseries. This version very closely matches the source material.[13]The graphics, music,sound effects,controls, andanimationsare a near exact match to the arcade, and all 27 levels and the final boss are the same as found in the original.[22]

Reception

[edit]

Rygarhas received mixed reviews across its various platforms. Whilst the NES version was generally very well-received, both the original arcade game and its other ports were more heavily criticised.

AllGame's Michael W. Dean scored the arcade version 3.5 out of 5, arguing, "it just doesn't quite hit the mark." He praised the graphics, enemy design, and controls, but was critical of the game's repetitive nature and high difficulty level, writing, "Rygaris a decent title, but it's decidedly less than captivating. "[16]IGN's Thomas M. Lucas scored this version 6 out of 10, calling it "a bit bland." He was especially critical of the high difficulty level, and concluded, the "limited scope of thedesignmean[s] you'll probably tire of it quickly. "[24]Computer and Video Games's Clare Edgeley scored it 2 out of 4, criticising it for being "fiendishly difficult."[3]

Tilt's Alain Huyghues-Lacour scored the NES version 5 out of 5, calling it "an impeccable arcade adaptation." He particularly praised the gameplay and controls, whilst his main criticism concerned the absence of a password system or save feature.[39]Computer Entertainerscored this version 4 out of 4, praising the graphics ( "some of the best visual displays yet seen on this system" ), the sound, the combat, the enemies, the differentiated locations, and the use of two different visual perspectives. They concluded, "Rygardelivers excellent gaming value. "[49]AllGame's Michael W. Dean scored it 4.5 out of 5, praising the "excellent control and pacing [and] the freedom of nonlinear level design." His main criticism was the lack of a password system or save feature.[31]Joystickscored it 70%, criticising the story, but praising the "perfect handling" and lauding the use of infinite continues.[45]

In a 2006 retrospective, Michael Plasket ofHardcore Gaming 101wrote, "maybeRygardoes seem a little basic and bare-bones compared to later action-RPGs,but for 1987, it's mighty impressive. "[28]In 2020,Kotaku'sPeter Tieryascommended the game for its expansive world and nonlinear gameplay relative to the standard of video games at the time of its release; "Rygarencouraged exploration and going off the beaten path at a time when that very concept was still novel. "[12]Both Plasket and Tieryas acknowledge the game as an important early example of theMetroidvaniasubgenre.[28][12]

Aktueller Software Markt's Philipp Kleimann scored the Commodore 64 version 68%. He was critical of the game's difficulty and speed, arguing that the enemies were far too fast, concluding, "Rygardidn't knock me off my feet, but it did get my adrenaline levels going. "[18]Zzap!64'sJulian RignallandSteve Jarrattscored this version 57%. Jarratt called it "a simple and totally forgettableGhosts 'n Goblinsvariant "and was especially critical of the graphics, citing" ill-definedsprites."He concluded by asking" what doesRygaroffer that we haven't seen many times before? "Of the gameplay, Rignall wrote," there's very little variety, and consequently, the appeal wears off quite quickly. "[47]Commodore User's Nick Kelly scored it 2 out of 10, criticising the graphics and controls. He also felt there was no differentiation between levels, and he concluded, "ifRygarsold for £1.99 it would be a poor piece of budget software by today's standards. To release it as a full top-of-the-range coin-op conversion is just a bad joke. "[48]

Your Sinclair's David Powell scored the Spectrum version 8 out 10. Although he was critical of the graphics, he saw the game as a "fair-ish arcade conversion, but an absolute cracker in its own right."[41]Computer and Video Games's Tim Metcalfe scored this version 68%. He was very critical of the graphics, but wrote, "ignore the graphics and play the game. Soon you'll be hooked."[20]Crashscored it 58%, finding it "acceptably playable."[40]Sinclair User's Jim Douglas scored it 5 out of 10. He was critical of the graphics, calling them, "tacky, titchy and chock-a-block full ofattribute clash."He concluded,"Rygaris a strictly run-of-the-mill experience. "[46]

Amstrad Action's Chris Boothman scored the Amstrad version 56%. He found the graphics "lacking in clarity", and was especially critical of thecollision detection,concluding, "I quite enjoyed it as a game. It's easy to get into with a good difficulty increment."[42]

Raze's Julian Boardman scored the Lynx version 81%, writing, "it hardly breaks new ground but does what it sets out to do very professionally."[50]IGN's Robert A. Jung scored this version 7 out of 10. He commended how close it was to the arcade original, but called the port, "neither extremely outstanding nor truly disappointing."[17]CVGscored it 46%, writing, "the run-and-bash gameplay isn't too stimulating, and there is no significant variation from level to level."[44]STart'sClayton Walnumopined, "Rygaris not recommended for serious adventurers, but rather for jump-and-shoot arcade enthusiasts. "[51]

Earnings and legacy

[edit]

The original arcade game did well financially. In June 1986, it entered the Japanese top 25 arcade game charts at #6.[52]By July, it had risen to #3.[53]It dropped out of the top ten in August.[54]It dropped out of the top 20 in September.[55]It ultimately went on to be Japan's seventh highest-grossing arcade game of 1986.[56]By July 1987,Rygarwas one of the top-ten arcade games in Europe, ranking at #9.[57]The following month, it climbed to #6.[58]It remained in that position through to January 1988.[59][60]In October 1986, it was ranked #7 in a national poll on arcade machines carried out byPlay Meter.[61]In January 1987,Game Machine's "Players Choice" award for 1986's Best Software saw it ranked #15.[62]

In the July/August 1988 edition ofNintendo Power(the magazine's inaugural issue),Rygarwas at #30 on the top 30 NES games chart, as voted on by fans.[63]In issue two (September/October), it rose to #24.[64]In the next issue (November/December), it rose to #20.[65]In 2009,IGNranked the NES version at #59 in their list of the top 100 NES games.[66]In 2012, they ranked the Diskarmor at #93 on their list of the top 100 video game weapons.[67]In 2024,Pasteranked the NES version at #37 in their list of the best 100 NES games.[68]

As of June 2007,Rygarand its various ports, emulations, and remakes have sold 1.5 million units across all platforms.[69]

Emulations

[edit]

In 2005,Rygarwas included in theTecmo Classic Arcadecompilation forXbox.[13]Also in 2005, it was released forSprintmobile phones.[70]In 2009, it was released on theVirtual ConsoleforWii.[24][71]This version offered customizable screen settings, allowing the player to stretch, shrink, expand, and shift the main screen. The default setting presents the game centered on screen, with black bars aligned on the left and right if running on awidescreenTV, but the options allow the player to scale up to16:9if they wish.[24]In 2014, the original arcade version was made available in Japan and North America for thePlayStation 4via theArcade Archivesprogram.[72]In 2018, it was released in Japan, North America, and Europe forNintendo Switch.[73]In 2023, it was released forAndroidphones.[74]

An unofficial fan-made port ofRygarwas released forAmiga AGAmachines in 2019.[22][75]

Remakes

[edit]

In 2002,Rygar: The Legendary Adventure[l]was released forPlayStation 2.Developed by Tecmo, it is a completeremake,featuring3D graphicsand a semi-destructible environment. It also features an entirely new plot, which takes inspiration and characters fromGreekandRomanmythology. It was released to generally positive reviews. In 2009, aremasterofLegendary Adventurewas released for Wii, under the nameRygar: The Battle of Argus.[m]Developed byTeam Tachyon,it was released to generally negative reviews.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^TheNESversion was ported byTecmo.TheCommodore 64,ZX Spectrum,andAmstrad CPCversions were ported byProbe Software.TheMaster Systemversion was ported by Salio, Inc. TheAtari Lynxversion was ported byHaehn Software.TheX68000version was ported by Dempa Micomsoft.
  2. ^Japanese:アルゴスの chiến sĩ,Hepburn:Argus no Senshi,(lit.Warrior of Argus)
  3. ^Địa cầu đản sinh dĩ lai 45 ức niên さまざまな chi phối giả が この địa cầu thượng に quân lâm して きた. そして kim また tân たなる chi phối giả tranh いが thủy まる...,(text from original Japanese arcade game)
  4. ^Mẫu び ngã 々に, bình hòa は lệ った. しかし hà thời また tân たなる thiêu chiến giả が hiện れる かわからない,(text from original Japanese arcade game)
  5. ^アルゴスの chiến sĩ はちゃめちゃ đại tiến kích,(lit.Warrior of Argus: Extreme Great Charge)
  6. ^アルゴスの chiến sĩ ngoại vân thánh chiến sĩ đản sinh,Argus no Senshi: Sei Senshi Tanjō
  7. ^アルゴスの chiến sĩ giải かれたる phong ấn,Argus no Senshi: Toka Retaru Fūin
  8. ^アルゴスの chiến sĩ ・はちゃめちゃ đại tiến kích,Argus no Senshi: Wa Chamecha Dai Shingeki
  9. ^Thánh địa アルゴールの không を phúc いつくすように, không phi ぶ thành, thú vương ライガーの nha thành が xuất hiện したのだ. Thiên không から vũ い hàng りた thú nhân tộc は tàn ngược の hạn りを tẫn し, nhất dạ にして ác の đế quốc を trúc いた,(text from Japanese manual)
  10. ^Đại địa が thú に phúc われし thời, アルゴスの địa より chiến sĩ tô えりてこれを cứu わん,(text from Japanese manual)
  11. ^アルゴスの thập tự kiếm,(lit.Cross-Sword of Argus)
  12. ^アルゴスの chiến sĩ,Argus no Senshi,(lit.Warrior of Argus)
  13. ^アルゴスの chiến sĩ: マッスルインパクト,Argus no Senshi: Massuru Inpakuto,(lit.Warrior of Argus: Muscle Impact)

References

[edit]
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  2. ^Akagi, Masumi (2006).アーケードTVゲームリスト quốc nội • hải ngoại biên (1971–2005)[Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971–2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p. 138.ISBN978-4990251215.
  3. ^abcdeEdgeley, Clare (October 1986)."RygarReview (Arcade) ".Computer and Video Games.No. 60. p. 116.RetrievedJune 9,2024.
  4. ^"Phát mại nhật スケジュール biểu"[Release Schedule].ファミコン thông tín[Famicom Journal] (in Japanese). No. 22. May 1, 1987. p. 96.RetrievedJune 30,2024.
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  6. ^abc"Here's This Here Rygar".Sinclair User.No. 67. October 1987. p. 104.RetrievedJune 9,2024.
  7. ^"マイカード マークⅢ"[Sega Mark III]. Sega.jp.Archivedfrom the original on June 13, 2024.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
  8. ^Mortimer, Stephen (October 1990)."News, Notes, and Quotes: Inside Atari".STart.Vol. 5, no. 2. p. 16.RetrievedJune 14,2024.
  9. ^"Argus no Senshi(X68000) ".Retro Place.Archivedfrom the original on June 13, 2024.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
  10. ^abc"How to Play".Rygar Service Instruction Manual(PDF).Tecmo.1986. p. 3.Archived(PDF)from the original on June 5, 2024.RetrievedJune 5,2024.
  11. ^abc"Description of Game Play".Rygar Service Instruction Manual(PDF).Tecmo.1986. p. 4.Archived(PDF)from the original on June 5, 2024.RetrievedJune 5,2024.
  12. ^abcdefghTieryas, Peter(May 20, 2020)."RygarIs A Non-Linear 8-Bit Masterpiece ".Kotaku.Archivedfrom the original on June 1, 2024.RetrievedJune 1,2024.
  13. ^abcdefghiPlasket, Michael (November 17, 2006)."Rygar(Arcade) ".Hardcore Gaming 101.Archivedfrom the original on June 5, 2024.RetrievedJune 5,2024.
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  15. ^"Playing the Game".Rygar Instruction Manual(Atari).Atari, Inc.1990. p. 6.RetrievedJune 6,2024.
  16. ^abcdDean, Michael W."RygarReview (Arcade) ".AllGame.Archived fromthe originalon November 15, 2014.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
  17. ^abcdeJung, Robert A. (July 7, 1999)."RygarReview (Lynx) ".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on June 1, 2024.RetrievedJune 1,2024.
  18. ^abcdKleimann, Philipp (January 1988)."Kampf der Pixel".Aktueller Software Markt(in German). Vol. 3, no. 1. p. 45.RetrievedJune 11,2024.
  19. ^"Rygar".Play Meter.Vol. 12, no. 12. July 15, 1986. p. 91.RetrievedJune 1,2024.
  20. ^abcdMetcalfe, Tim (December 1987)."RygarReview (Spectrum) ".Computer and Video Games.No. 74. p. 34.RetrievedJune 11,2024.
  21. ^"アルゴスの chiến sĩ"[Rygar].ゲーメストムック[Gamest] (in Japanese). Vol. 112. April 15, 1994. p. 99.RetrievedJune 20,2024.
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