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Södertälje

Coordinates:59°11′45″N17°37′41″E/ 59.19583°N 17.62806°E/59.19583; 17.62806
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Södertälje
City
Sankta Ragnhild church, Mälarbron bridge, Old city hall, Storgatan street
Sankta Ragnhild church, Mälarbron bridge, Old city hall, Storgatan street
Coat of arms of Södertälje
Coat of arms
Nickname:
City of Pretzels
Södertälje is located in Stockholm
Södertälje
Södertälje
Södertälje is located in Sweden
Södertälje
Södertälje
Södertälje is located in European Union
Södertälje
Södertälje
Coordinates:59°11′45″N17°37′41″E/ 59.19583°N 17.62806°E/59.19583; 17.62806
CountrySweden
ProvinceSödermanland
CountyStockholm County
MunicipalitySödertälje Municipality
Founded1300s
Area
[1]
• Total2,851 ha (7,045 acres)
Elevation
23 m (75 ft)
Population
(31 December 2020)[2]
• Total73,872
• Density2,600/km2(6,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
151xx
Area code(+46) 08
Websitewww.sodertalje.se

Södertälje(/ˌsɜːrdərˈtɛljə,ˌsʌd-/SU(R)D-ər-TEL-yə,[3]Swedish:[sœdɛˈʈɛ̂lːjɛ]ⓘ) is acityinSödermanlandandStockholm County,Swedenand seat ofSödertälje Municipality.As of 2017, it has 72,704 inhabitants. Södertälje is located atMälarensconfluence in to the Baltic Sea through the lock in theSödertälje Canal.[4]Since year 2000, it is the largestcitylocated entirely within the province ofSödermanland.[5]

History

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Map of Södertälje from 1648

Ancient history

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It is estimated that the first people reached the area around what is today Södertälje during theStone Age,about 4000 BC. They formed settlements around 3000 BC, when the peasant culture is believed to have reached the area.[6]Around 1500 to 400 BC, the strait between LakeMälarenand theBaltic Seanarrowed due to thepost-glacial rebound.Thereafter boats had to be towed over the sand ridge, which created job opportunities. Trade and service emerged.[7]

Ansgarpassed through Södertälje on his voyages toBirkain his efforts to Christianize Sweden in 829.[8]Södertälje was first mentioned in historical sources in 1070, whenAdam of Bremenmentioned the town in a description of the road betweenSkaraandBirkain his workGesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae pontificum.However, the area was inhabited long before then.[6]Södertälje receivedcity privilegesin the 1300s.[8]

The castle Telge Hus was built at Slottsholmen during the 1300s. From here, Telgehus county was administered between the years 1318 and 1527. The county included Öknebo, Hölebo and parts of Svartlösa districts. Archaeological excavations have shown that the castle was surrounded by a moat. It is still partially visible on Slottsholmen's northwestern shore.[9]

Originally, the city was simply called Tälje (several spellings are known; includingTelge,Talje,andTælga). In 1622, the prefixSöder'south' was added to distinguish from the then recently founded town ofNorrtälje,located 110 km northeast of the city.Statistics Swedenstarted using the modern spelling in 1900.[10]

The city first usedSt. Olofin its coat of arms. At the beginning of the 17th century, he was replaced byRagnhild of Tälje(Swedish:Sankta Ragnhild).[11]After her pilgrimages to Rome and Jerusalem, her relics are said to have been buried in Södertälje.[12]

Duke Charles(Who subsequently became King Charles) actively invested in Södertälje as a commercial and maritime city during his time as Duke ofSödermanland,which contributed to growth. A port was built just south of the city. It was not until the 1740s that the city began with industrial manufacturing in addition to shipping and trade.[13]

1800s to 1950

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Old Bath Houseduring theseaside resortera. Photo from 1880s

Södertälje already had a port, but during the 19th century it became necessary to extend it to be able to receive larger vessels.[13]In 1819 theSödertälje Canalwas inaugurated after 13 years of construction. Just over forty years later, in 1860, rail traffic between Södertälje and Stockholm commenced. TheWestern Main Linefor trains between the east and west coast of Sweden opened in 1862, with a station in the city.[6][14]

Around this time Södertälje became known as aseaside resortfor Stockholmers. In 1849 the Södertälje Bathing Facilities in Badparken park was opened, with both a cold bath facility and a hot bath house. The bathhouses and the Societetshus venue have been demolished, but the Bath hotel at Järnagatan street, Strandhotellet hotel, Stadsparken park and Villa Bellevue still remain from the resort era, which lasted for almost a hundred years until 1945.[13]

The tradition of selling the localpretzels,Södertäljekringlor,is several hundred years old. They had their heyday during the resort era, i.e. around the beginning of the 19th century onwards.[15]They were typically sold by older women, often referred to asKringelgummor(English: Pretzel ladies). The pretzels were primarily sold to tourists, especially at the city's railway stations. The sale of pretzels, among other aspects of the resort town, was described in the magazineSvenska Familj-Journalen(English: Swedish Family Journal) in 1881.[16]

By the 1900s, Södertälje's population had grown to over 8,000 people. Around the turn of the century several large factories were established in the city: Svenska Centrifug AB (1896), AB Södertelge Verkstäder (1897), Baltic (1906),Aktiebolaget Astra Apotekarnes Kemiska Fabriker(Astra) (1913), Tobaksmonopolet (1915) och Wedaverken (1917). Perhaps most interesting is the formation ofVABIS,Vagnfabriks-Aktiebolaget in Södertelge (1891). In 1911 it merged withScaniaand formed Scania-Vabis. Nowadays, however, the company only uses the nameScania AB.

From 1950 until today

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Järnagatanstreet in the city centre 1944

In the 1950s, conditions in Södertälje's central parts were considered outdated. As the city grew, and modernapartment buildingswere constructed in the outskirts, the city centre was still predominantly consisted of relatively small wooden houses. Hence, the city council decided on a major renovation of the central areas, where many buildings around the pedestrian section of Storgatan high street (including adjacent Nygatan and Köpmangatan streets) were demolished. Some of the buildings were moved to the Torekällberget City Museum. However, many of the 17th–19th century buildings around Olof Palmes plats, Marenplan, Saltsjötorget and Stortorget were preserved.[7]

In 1960, Södertälje was still a fairly small town with a largely homogeneous population of 33,000 inhabitants. In the 1960s, however, the demographics of the city changed radically. The industrial boom and the structural transformation led to economic development and increased investments in the city's industries. The large companiesScania-VabisandAstrawere in high demand of labour. Recruitment was primarily made from parts of the country that were severely affected by the industrial boom, mainlyNorrland.When the manpower from other parts of the country was insufficient, foreign labour was brought in. Most of the migrant workers came fromFinland,but alsoGreece,ItalyandYugoslavia.[17]

Syriac Orthodox ChurchSt. Aphrem Cathedral, Södertälje

During the 1970s, immigration from Finland declined, while many ChristianAssyrians/Syriacssettled in Södertälje, mostly fromTur Abdin,Turkey.[18]At the end of the 1990s, manyIraqis(the majority of which are ethnic Assyrians) arrived, and now Assyrians constitute the largest immigrant group. In total, about 39 percent of the city's population are first or second generation immigrants.[19]In 2013, there were reports in the media that a parallel society founded by theAssyrian/Syriacminorities had emerged, with norms, rules and a banking system without control from society.[20]Swedish law enforcement allocated extensive resources. A trial against the mafia-like organisationSödertäljenätverket(English: The Södertälje network) ended in 2013.[21]

Södertälje also has a growing population of about 1,500Mandaeans,most with Iraqi origins.[22]

Construction of Almnäs garrison started in 1970.Svea Engineer Corpsand the Engineering Troops Cadet School (INGKAS) relocated to Almnäs. They were joined by Swedint, the Armed Forces International training school, in 1984. During the 1990s, theLife Guardswere also present at Almnäs. After 1996, the armed forces underwent a major reorganisation and left Almnäs altogether in 2004. The area is now abusiness park.

Many of the city's modern attractions were built in the 1980s. A museum based on the bookLa Science Amusanteby French writerArthur Goodwas built. The museum is calledTom Tits Experimentafter the author's pen nameTom Tit.The newbath houseSydpoolenopened in 1987, and is now one of the most visited bathing facilities in the country. During the 2010 and 2020 centuries, several infrastructure projects were completed or started. Further widening of the canal and the lock was initiated,[23]as well as the upgrade of the railway aroundSödertälje Hamn railway stationto increase capacity.[24]

Administrative history

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The oldCity Hallwas built in 1734

The City of Södertälje was transformed to acity municipalityduring theSwedish municipal reforms of 1862.The city grew and subsequently incorporated Västertälje parish in 1946 and Östertälje parish in 1963. The city municipality expanded further in 1967, until it became the seat of the present-daySödertälje Municipality.[25]

Within theChurch of Sweden,Södertälje was part of Södertälje City parish. It incorporated the western part ofSödertälje landsförsamlingin 1946, and received the nameSödertälje församling(English: Södertälje parish). It has since also incorporated the parish of Tveta. Between 1973 and 2010, part of the city was part of Västertälje parish. The eastern part of Södertälje still belongs to Östertälje parish.

Until 1971, the city belonged to thejudicial districtSödertälje Council Court. In 1971, it was changed to Södertälje District Court.

Historical population figures

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Year, Population, Area (ha)[26]
1950, 25 715
1960, 33 721
1965, 44 362
1970, 57 494
1975, 58 408
1980, 58 711
1990, 58 097, 2 408
1995, 57 327, 2 456
2000, 59 342, 2 479
2005, 60 279, 2 529
2010, 64 619, 2 584
2015, 70 777, 2 797
2018, 73 872, 2 851

Cityscape

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Panorama of Södertälje from Torekällberget
Panorama of Södertälje from Torekällberget
The propertySkytten 2(at Strandgatan 13) built in 1854 is one of the city's oldest woodenmulti-family residentialbuildings

During the 1600s, the city was hit by two major fires; in 1630 and 1650. After the fire in 1650, the devastation was vast. All important buildings except the church were destroyed; including the school and town hall. After the fires, extensiveurban planningwas implemented under the leadership of Anders Torstensson, where the old irregularmedievalneighbourhoods were replaced by agrid planof streets. The 1650s plan remained largely in place until the redevelopment of the city centre in the 1960s, and still characterises many parts of the central areas. Most of the older buildings have disappeared due to city fires or demolition.[4]

TheBadhotelletresort hotel at Järnagatan street opened in 1899

The central parts of Södertälje are today mainly the neighbourhood around what is commonly referred to as called Gågatan, which is the pedestrian part of Storgatan street. Stortorget was originally the absolute centre of the city. The reason that the area would subsequently expand (mainly in a southerly direction) is largely due to the fact that theCentral Railway Stationwas placed near the city park. Unlike most other cities in the country, no railroad has ever been drawn through Södertälje's central parts, which meant that very little central area had to be designated for tracks. Another interesting detail is that the old Södertälje largely consisted of wooden houses. It is commonly believed that this is because Södertälje never has been a major administrative centre, such as acounty capitalorepiscopal see.For a trade city, it wooden structures were considered sufficient. The original wooden buildings are especially well preserved in the areas around Fredsgatan and Västgötagatan streets. The older wooden houses that previously existed in the central parts have largely been moved up to Torekällberget, which is Södertälje'sopen-air city museum.The first apartment building in stone was built as late as 1865. The property was at Järnagatan 8, next to Saltsjötorget square, and was built by industrialist DJ Ekeberg. When Järnagatan was lowered in 1907, the basement level became the areas that are occupied by shops today.

Södertälje's old City Hotel is situated on Saltsjötorget square. It was built to accommodate the high demand for rooms that arose during the time the city was aseaside resort.TheCity councildecided to commission a new hotel on the site. Architect Ernst Haegglund was hired to design the building. The square also houses the old building for Svensk-Engelska Mineralolje AB, which was completed between 1931 and 1932 after drawings by architect Albin Stark. Between 1991 and 2008, the building served ascity hall.The current city hall was built on the opposite side of the central station. The new building was designed by BSK Arkitekter, and inaugurated in the autumn of 2008 byKing Carl XVI Gustaf.The building serves both as municipal offices andcultural centre.

Strandgatanstreet with several large residential buildings drawn byTore E:son Lindhbergin the 1920s

TheCentral Railway Stationis situated behind the City Hotel. It is one of few Swedish railway stations with two station houses. The first building is entirely in brick, and was designed in 1860 byAdolf W. Edelsvärd.The yellow station building was added in the 1910s and was designed byFolke Zettervall.Today, only the yellow building is used for ticket sales. The older station house is occupied by a bar, café and convenience store. The open square between the two station houses, the bus station and the railway tracks is called Stationsplan.

To the west of the station, across Järnagatan lies Villa Bellevue. During the era when Södertälje was aseaside resort,it was one of the city's most notable buildings. It was built in 1871 by the royal pastry chef Davidsson, after drawings by architect Ernst Jacobsson. The new city hall is situated next-door to the property. Villa Bellevue is located on the border between the city centre and the centrally located neighbourhood of Mariekälla, which is named after one of the city's water springs. On Parkgatan, which is a parallel street to the district's main street Mariekällgatan, lies Villa Walhall. The villa was built in 1875 by engineer Ludvig Jerving. Villa Walhall and Villa Bellevue were considered so typical of theresort townSödertälje that they were described and depicted in a series of articles in the magazineSvenska Familj-Journalenin 1881.[16]

Most restaurants and bars are located around Lake Maren. Marenplan square (formerly called Stadshamnen port), served as Södertälje's most important port until the construction of Mälarhamnen port in 1880. When Marenplan served as city port, ships carrying goods would moor there, and sell their merchandise to individuals and traders waiting at the quay. Boat traffic to inner Maren continued until 1963, when the Maren Bridge between Strandgatan and Lotsudden was built. The bridge was only intended as a temporary solution, and became demolished in 1993. The Maren Bridge subsequently replaced apedestrian and bicycle bridge.The initial plan was to have the bridge removed during the summer months to allow boats to moor in inner Maren seasonally. The bridge subsequently became year-round fixed link. The Sorbonne house lies where Lotsudden and Marenplan meet. It was built in 1905, and served asstudiofor photographer David Sorbon until 1928. The building was completely renovated in 1985–86, to accommodate several residential apartments and a restaurant.

LakeMarenis prominent in the city centre

Just above Marenplan lies the square Olof Palmes plats, which was named after the murdered Prime MinisterOlof Palme.Among the buildings on the square is the old bank palace that used to belong to Södertälje Sparbank. Like many other buildings in Södertälje, the city's patron saintRagnhild of Tälje(Swedish:Sankta Ragnhild) is depicted on the facade. The importance of Olof Palmes plats was especially high when it served as hub for the city buses, which have since been moved to theCentral Railway Station.The streets Storgatan, Badhusgatan and Järnagatan begin at Olof Palmes plats.

Most department stores and high street shopping are located onGågatan(English: the Pedestrian street), which is the pedestrian part of Storgatan that runs between Torekällgatan and Stortorget. The pedestrian street is dominated by moderndepartment stores,built during the 1960s.[7]The largest areKringlan(architect Erik and Tore Ahlsén),Luna,ÅhlénsandTelgehuset(which initially was a Domus department store). A notable exception to the otherwise modern structures isSkandinaviska Enskilda Bankensbank palace, which was built between 1901 and 1902 at the initiative of the tobacco trader TH. Gustafsson. The local architect Tore E: son Lindhberg made the drawings. In 1939 the facade was modernized, and subsequently restored when the building was completely renovated in 1975.

The yellow station building at theCentral Railway Stationwas drawn byFolke Zettervalland opened in 1918

The hospital on Orionkullen was built 1777–78. Until 1823, the building served aslazarettoof theRoyal Order of the Seraphim.After 1823, the building became a private residence. From 1844, the buildings were used as city hall and for higher education. In 1907 the council administration moved from Orionkullen, allowing the educational institution to expand. As the school faculty moved to the newsecondary schoolbuilding at Erik Dahlberg's road, a girls' school moved in. The girls' school at Orionkullen closed in 1968. The building is home to acultural centretoday.

The area where the secondary school moved is east ofthe canal,the Museum of Biology and the present day city hospital. After the 1960s upper secondary school reform, the institution became aGymnasium Secondary school.Close to the school lies Mälarparken, which is home to the professionalMiniature golfcourse. They local team has won several championships. The city council offices were also located by the park before moving to the intersection of Nygatan/Torekällgatan. Södertälje's current hospital is across the street from the secondary school. It is houses one of thecounty'ssixtrauma centres.It opened in 1907, but has been expanded and renovated on several occasions, most recently in 2017.

As the landpost-glacial reboundmade Södertälje Canal shallower, it became increasingly difficult for merchants to get between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea to sell their goods. It was decided to build a square in Södertälje, where they could meet to and hold markets. The location of the square was carefully selected so it would be locatedequidistantbetween the city's ports at Baltic Sea and Lake Mälaren. This way, merchants did not have to drag their goods longer than was absolutely necessary. The main square in Södertälje is thus not primarily designed as a trading place for the city's inhabitants themselves. For hundreds of years, Stortorget was very important because of the lively square trade held there. At that time, Stortorget was regarded as the city's centremost place. In modern times, when most trade is conducted in stores, the importance of the square has diminished. Marenplan has increasingly taken over the role as the most central location in the city. The most famous building on Stortorget is perhaps the old yellow wooden City Hall building, which was opened in 1735. The City Hall originally stood on the west side of the square. It was temporarily relocated to Västra Kanalgatan during the redevelopment of the city centre in the 1960s. Since 1982, the City Hall has been in its present location. Today it houses art galleries and a café. Across the square lies the current Södertälje District Court, which was designed by Åke Lindqvist, and built by Anders Diös.

Tenngjutartorgetsquare with the Wetterholmska building (the red house) at Torekällberget

On the northern side of Stortorget square isSankta Ragnhilds Kyrka(English: Church ofRagnhild of Tälje) from the 1100s–1300s. It is the main church in Södertälje parish in theDiocese of Strängnäs.After many renovations, the church is today a large building with three arches. The oldest parts consist of grey brick walls that comprise the lower parts of thebell towerand the two westernmost compartments of the longhouse. Renovations were made after the city fire in 1650. Further additions were made in the 1670s, when the Cronberg-Hackerskachoirin the middle of the southern wall. It was probably designed byErik Dahlbergh,and is now used as a baptismal chapel. During the fires during theRussian Pillage of 1719–21,it was one of few buildings that survived. A major restoration under the direction of architect B. Romare took place between 1960 and 1961. A few years after this, two of the windows next to the baptismal chapel received new stained glass windows by F. Heybrock. The exterior of the church was repaired in 1986–1987, with the facades partially receiving their current colour scheme.

Above Stortorget and Gågatan lies Nygatan street, which is almost exclusively home to modern buildings. Among them, Roxyhuset (English: the Roxy house) is worth mentioning. The building was designed by architect Björn Hedvall, and was completed in 1939. Its lower level housed acinemauntil 1992, when it moved to Lunagallerian on Storgatan street. After this, the Roxy House was partially renovated, and a convenience store, restaurant and nightclub moved in. Nygatan street is also home to Södertälje's oldTelegraph station.It was built 1939–1940, after drawings by U. Ahlbom. Around the time the telegraph station was put into operation, automation of the Swedish telephone network began. The station was subsequently closed after just 30 years. Below the station lies Torekällskolan school. It is the oldest of the city's schools that is still in use. Since its opening in 1869, it has been rebuilt on numerous occasions.

TheHolmfast Inscriptionsfrom 1050 to 1080 describe the building of Holmfastvägen road

Holmfastvägen road begins in the city's central parts, and connects to the area Geneta in the western parts of the city. The road originally went all the way to Näsby, next to Lake Måsnaren. It was built during the 11th century, thus marking the early importance of the area around Södertälje. A large runic inscription called theHolmfast Inscriptions(Swedish:Holmfastristningen) describe the construction by Viking Holmfast, including reinforcing the land and building bridges. Archaeologists find it likely that Holmfast's old bridges remain under the roadway. Around the engraving, which is located in close proximity to the road, have today been cleaned up and put up signs from theSwedish National Heritage Boardwith translations of the inscription.[27][28]

Retail parksare a fairly new feature in Södertälje. Until the early 2000s, the only really large collection of shops, apart from local neighbourhood centres, wasWedain the eastern part of the city. With the construction ofMoraberg köpcentrum,just east of Weda, availability of shops increased. The area aroundScaniarinkenpreviously contained some shops, but has subsequently been extended to formVasa handelsplats.Some shops are also located around Hansaplan in the area Södra, close toSödertälje Hamn railway station.

Bridges

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The firstswing bridgeacrossSödertälje Canal1881

Until 1924, when theupgraded canalopened, there was just one single bridge connecting the eastern and western parts of the city. It was aswing bridge,near the old lock, at Mälarehamnen. It was built in 1910 atSödertelge Verkstäder.After it was replaced by a more modern bridge, the old swing bridge was moved toStäksundetin the province ofUppland.[29]

The second swing bridge was in use 1910-1924

At times there was also an iron bridge that was rolled out over the lock itself. It was also possible to use rowing boats to cross. Boat services were usually operated women, predominantlydalkullor.A crossing would cost 2–5öre,depending on season. The rowing boats could carry up to around five people. At the narrowest place, the distance across was just 12 metres. Embarking by Viksgatan street was especially popular.[citation needed]Many were willing to pay to avoid having to walk to the swing bridge and back again if they lived around the areas of Tältet or Hagaberg. During the winter, simplefootbridgessupported by pontoons were laid out – making the crossing free of charge.

The firstbascule bridgewas used 1924-1971

There are currently three places where it is possible to crossthe canalon foot or by car, plus two railway bridges. The northernmost link is the Mälarbron bridge, which has three predecessors: theswing bridgefrom the 19th century, and another swing bridge that was used between 1910 and 1924. Both stood about 150 meters south of the current Mälarbron bridge. In 1924, the firstbascule bridgeopened. It was often referred to as simplyKlaffbronorLandsvägsbron(English: "the Bascule bridge" or "the Country Road Bridge" ). It was a double flap bridge with two fixed bridge vaults on each side. Ragnar Hjort made the architectural design. AfterWorld War II,it could no longer handle the increased traffic volume. Hence, the current Mälarbron was commissioned, and opened in 1971. It is equipped with a control tower. Today the bridge together with the whole route fromLandsortin toMälarenis remote controlled from the locks in Södertälje.

The most central crossing is at thecanal lock,and consists of the two bridges Marenbron, which crosses Lake Maren, and Slussbron, which crossesthe canalitself. In 1963 the first bridge over the Maren was built. It was intended as a temporary link, and was subsequently demolished in 1993. The Marenbron was later replaced by a pedestrian and bicycle bridge. The initial plan was to have it removed during the summer, allowing small boats to reach the inner parts of the lake. It did however become a year-round fixed link. In September 2003, areferendumamong the residents ofSödertälje Municipalitywas held, where they could decide if they wanted a new car bridge to be commissioned at the site. The costs were estimated to 40 millionSwedish krona.At the referendum, 56.5 percent voted no and 39.4 percent favourably, meaning no new car bridge was built. Suggestions to build anarch bridgeorbascule bridgefor pedestrians and cyclists have been brought forward. It would allow boats to pass under and reach the inner parts of Lake Maren in the centremost parts of the city. Pedestrians have also been able to cross the canal itself by walking across the lock gates.

Järnvägsbron,E4-bronandSaltsjöbronbridges

The Saltsjöbron and E4-bron bridges constitute the southernmost crossing for cars and pedestrians. They run between the districts of Södra and Viksängen in Södertälje's southern parts. Saltsjöbron is abascule bridge,and the road that goes across it is called Viksängsleden. It is equipped with a bicycle and pedestrian path. E4-bron is avertical-lift bridge,crossed by the eponymousE4 Motorway,and marks the southern fork withE20.It was built in the 1960s, together with the motorways around the city. Saltsjöbron was built in 2002 to relieve the E4-bron, and to provide an alternative in case of mechanical failure after one occurred in 1990.

Parallel to Saltsjöbron and E4-bron lays the railway bridge predominantly used by local and freight trains. It opened in the summer of 2010, and is hence the youngest bridge in the city. It replaced the old railway bridge from 1921, which was located immediately east of the current bridge. The old bridge was replaces as it was unable to handle heavy trains, nor deep-going maritime vessels. It was also too noisy. The distance between the bridge pillars on the new bridge is wider, to enablethe canalto be broadened further. The old railway bridge had a small pedestrian path. After it was demolished in autumn of 2010, pedestrians must cross at Saltsjöbron instead. The old railway bridge replaced an even older bridge from 1860 that crossed around the area of Tältet. That bridge was demolished in the 1920s, when Saltskog railway station had been closed and replacedSödertälje Södra railway station(subsequently renamed Södertälje Hamn).

TheIgelsta Bridgeis the southernmost of the city's bridges. It is the main route for long distance and regional trains acrossSödertälje Canal.It is 2140 meters long, reaches as high as 48 meters above the canal, making it Sweden's tallest and longest railway bridge (after the Swedish part of theØresund Bridge). Igelstabron spans betweenPershagenand Hall. The bridge forms part of the Grödingebanan on theWestern Main Lineand opened in 1995.Södertälje Syd railway stationis located on the bridge's easternabutment.

Accidents and incidents

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On 13 February 2016, all four members of the English rock bandViola Beach(along with their manager Craig Tarry) were killed during their first overseas tour when their car fell from a bridge in Södertälje.[30]TheSwedish Police Authorityopened an inquiry and found that Tarry, who was driving, had no traces of alcohol nor drugs in his blood.[31][32]They also found that Tarry had engaged the brakes before reaching the bridge, ruling out the possibility that he had fallen asleep, and authorities said the incident ultimately remained "completely inexplicable".[33]

Church buildings

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Church ofRagnhild of Täljeat Stortorget

Södertälje belongs to theDiocese of Strängnäswithin theChurch of Sweden.A total of eightchurch buildingsare located within Södertälje. The oldest and most important to this day isSankta Ragnhilds kyrka(English: Church ofRagnhild of Tälje) from the 1100s–1300s, which is located on the main square Stortorget. Further churches belonging to Södertälje parish areSankt Mikaels kyrka(St. Michael's Church) in Geneta,Hovsjö kyrka(Hovsjö Church) andLina kyrka(Lina Church) in Lina Hage. Lina kyrka was designed by Tallius Myhrman. It is renowned for its design, and has been depicted in several Swedish architecture magazines.[34]

Sankt Ansgars kyrkais the city's Catholic Church

The main church in Östertälje parish isAlla Helgons kyrka(All Saints' Church) in Östertälje. The parish also operatesHagabergs kapell(Hagaberg's chapel) on the grounds of HagabergFolk high school.It was built in 1894 as a chapel on Vartofta farm inVästergötland.The chapel was moved to its present location in 1914, after having been dismantled and transported by train. In the centre of the Brunnsäng area lays the church Brunnsäng kyrka, which is the youngest in the city. There is also a chapel at Södertälje hospital.[34]

There are several congregations not affiliated with the Church of Sweden in the city. TheCatholic Church in SwedenhasSankt Ansgar'schurch by Mälarbron. The associated parish has members from a vast hinterland around the city. There is a sizable community of Orthodox Christians in Södertälje. TheSyriac Orthodox Churchhas two bishops in the city, besides five Syrian Orthodox churches, two soccer teams and a TV channel that airs programs in Neo-Aramaic, Arabic and English.[35]The minority group ofSweden Finnshave services in the Finnish language within the Church of Sweden. There is also a Finnish-speakingPentecostal congregation.[36]

Transportation

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Roads

[edit]

TheE4andE20 Motorwayshave their southern fork after which they form separate roads at Saltskog junction in Södertälje.[37]Other major roads passing through the city areRiksväg 1(toTrosaand further south), and Länsväg 225 (toNynäshamnviaÖsmo). These towns, plus Mariefred, Stockholm, Trosa and Gnesta, are served by regular buses. Riksväg 57 (to Katrineholm via Flen ) also begins in Södertälje.[38][39]

Trains

[edit]
The railway bridge for local and commuter trains

Given the many railways that go to or through Södertälje, services are both frequent and diverse. International trains to cities like Oslo and Copenhagen call in Södertälje, in addition to local, regional and national services. There are four stations within the urban area of the city:Södertälje Centrum(central station),Södertälje Syd,Södertälje HamnandÖstertälje.[40][41][42]

Due to its topography and the fact that it is divided by a canal, it has been difficult to build good train connections in and through the city.[42]Despite this, Södertälje is one of the largest railway hubs in Sweden.[37]When the railway to Södertälje was commissioned, it was decided thatthe main linewould not be drawn through what was then the immediate city centre. The decision was one of the factors behind the urban planning of the area Mariekälla, just south of the Järnatullen city toll.[43]

The railway station in Södertälje becameSödertelge Öfre(English: Södertälje Upper).[43]Its initial name ofSödertelgecaused confusion as it was then well outside the city, which was resolved by the name change. Thecentral stationwas namedSödertelge nedre(English: Södertälje lower). In 1885, the stations' names were changed again, with Södertelge upper being named Saltskog, and Södertelge nedre becoming Södertälje Central. Both railway stations opened in October 1860, together with the railway to Stockholm. The railway would subsequently become extended further south towards Katrineholm and Gothenburg and become theWestern Main Line.[41][42]The railway Norra Södermanlands Järnväg through the northern part of the province ofSödermanlandopened in 1895, which meant that Södertälje also got a railway connection to Eskilstuna.[44]Södertelge Öfre opened with a simple wooden station building with two platforms and a warehouse. A modern stone building replaced the old station in 1885.[45] TheCentral Railway Stationstands out by having two station buildings. The oldest is entirely in red brick, and was designed by the railway architectAdolf W. Edelsvärd.The yellow building was added in the 1910s and was designed byFolke Zettervall.In October 1921, the stationSödertälje Södraopened together with the new double track through the city.[42]Södertälje Södra replaced the old railway station in Saltskog, whose station house was demolished in 1947[45]or possibly earlier.[46]

Södertälje Syd railway stationis situated on theIgelsta Bridge

The next traffic diversion occurred in 1994, when theIgelsta Bridgeopened. Unlike the other bridges in Södertälje, it is built on sail-free altitude above the canal.Södertälje Syd railway station(English: Södertälje South) is located on its westernabutment.It is the city's current station serviced by long distanceinter-cityandhigh-speed rail.The old railroad below the bridge is used by commuter trains. Platforms are located both on the bridge, and on the old tracks below.[41][42]The waiting hall is situated on a concourse level between the tracks. After Södertälje Syd opened, the stations in the city once again changed their names. Södertälje Södra became Södertälje Hamn (English: port), and the Central Station became Södertälje Centrum. Igelsta station had previously changed name to Östertälje.[47]

Today, Södertälje is a railway hub[37]forSvealandsbanan,theWestern Main Lineand Nyköpingsbanan. Both the more recent Grödingebanan for long-distance trains and the old main line run in the direction towards Stockholm. The many railways that pass through Södertälje mean that it is possible to travel to Sweden's three major cities (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö) without changing trains.[41][42][40][48]

Waterways

[edit]
Main article:Södertälje Canal
M/S Östanvik enteringSödertälje canal

The first functioningcanal through Södertäljewas built between 1806 and 1819[37]after drawings by water engineering engineer Eric Nordewall.[49]The canal has since been extended and broadened on several occasions.[50]Within the scope of the Mälarprojektet initiative, the canal was expanded between 2016 and 2020 to handle vessels that are 160 meters long and 23 meters wide. The project encompassed a longer and widerlock,and dredging of the sides of the canal to make them straighter. The width of the water surface was thus kept unchanged.[51]

Every day, over 40 boats pass throughSödertälje canal,carrying more than 5 million metric tonnes of goods each year. Of these, about 4 million tonnes are shipped into LakeMälaren,and 1 million tonnes to theBaltic Sea.Primarily, coal, cement, iron, limestone and chalk are carried through the canal. The port of Södertälje also acts as a transhipment terminal from rail to trucks and ships.[52]

The port of Södertälje consists of fourwharfs:Sydhamnen, Oljehamnen, Igelsta, and Uthamnen. Sydhamnen primarily handles containers androll-on/roll-offcargo, including imported cars. The oldest wharf is Uthamnen. Here, smaller quantities of odd bulk cargo are handled, mainly road salt. Combustible goods are primarily transported to the Igelstahamnen to the Igelstaheating plant.Oljehamnen handles imports of gas, liquid chemicals, oil and similar products. Since the 1950s, the port of Södertälje has been important for the Swedish import of cars. About 80,000 cars are handled per year, which corresponds to about 30 percent of total national car imports. Cars shipped to Södertälje are of Volkswagen, Škoda, Audi, Ford, Porsche, Opel and Mercedes brands.[52]

City buses

[edit]

Owing to Södertälje's location close to acounty border,bothSLand Sörmlandstrafiken operate buses in the city.[53]Thecity bus networkconsists of around fifteen bus lines. They use theCentral Railway Stationas hub. Before Järnagatan street became pedestrian, most buses would use that round through the city centre. Most now take Nygatan street.[54]In addition to regular city buses, there are special services adapted topensionersand people withdisabilitiesknown as Närtrafiken buses.[55]Night servicesoperate all night both weekends and weekdays. The city is served by two circular bus routes, one on each side ofthe canal.[56][57]

Economy

[edit]
Scaniaheadquarters bySaltskogsfjärdenin Södertälje

Södertälje is particularly known for its two large companies,Astra ZenecaandScania.Measured in sheer number of companies, the retail, wholesale and restaurant sectors dominate, with about 1,000 companies. The building and construction industry has about 600 companies in the Södertälje, and some 450 companies in the consultancy sector. In total, there are over 4,000 businesses in the city. Södertälje has a high number of small businesses with five or fewer employees.

Large corporations

[edit]

Aktiebolaget Astra, Apotekarnes Kemiska Fabrikerwas founded in 1913 by pharmacist Adolf Rising. Initially, the company had only ten employees, but already developed strongly during the first years. The company started with only five employees, but grew exponentially in its first years of trading. One of the reasons was an increased need for medication due to thefirst world war.The company merged with its British competitorZenecain 1999, and formed the pharmaceutical groupAstra Zeneca.[58][59]The company's pill factory in Gärtuna in south-eastern Södertälje is the largest of its kind in the world, employing over 3,200 people.[60]

Astra Zenecaspremises bySödertälje Canal

In 1891,Vagnfabriks-Aktiebolaget i Södertelge(abbreviated VABIS) started as manufacturier of railway cars, petrol engines, automobiles, trucks, motor-powered draisines, motorboats and marine engines.[61]In 1911 they merged withMaskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scaniaand formedScania-Vabis.The company only uses the nameScania ABtoday. The head office remains in its original location, bySaltskogsfjärdensouth of the city centre of Södertälje. Together with its subsidiaries, Scania currently employs over 9,000 people in Södertälje, making the Group the largest employer.[62]

Retail trade

[edit]

Most retail shopping is available in the city centre; predominantly on Storgatan and Järnagatan streets, but also adjacent areas. TheKringlandepartment store was one of the first modern department stores when it opened in 1965.[63] The name Kringlan (English: ThePretzel) is a reference to the long-lasting local tradition of selling pretzels in Södertälje.[15][16]Other department stores includeLunaandTelgehuset.Retail shopping outside the city centre is mainly located in Moraberg on the eastern side of thecanal,as well as Vasa Handelsplats in the western part. Larger stores are also located around Hansaplan in the Södra area.

Education

[edit]
Läroverketupper secondary school building from 1913

KTH Royal Institute of Technologyhas a campus in Södertälje, where they conduct university education withinMechanical engineering,Logisticsand other subjects all the way up toMaster's levelincludingMaster of Science in Engineering.Education is given in cooperation with the city's two large corporationsScania ABandAstraZeneca.In 2018, KTH moved in to a newly built campus inSödertälje Science Parkdrawn by the architect firmWhite.The Royal Institute of Technology has 1,200 students and hired researchers in Södertälje.[64][65][66][67]

Several universities conduct higher education at the learning centre Campus Telge. When it started it was located in Mariekälla, but moved to new premises that previously housed the headquarters ofAstra ABin 2015. Both individual courses and whole university programmes are offered within a variety of subjects, meaning students can study at the campus all the way until graduation. Education within Yrkeshögskolan (English: Higher Vocational Education) is also held.[68][69]

Hagabergs folkhögskola started as a Bible Institute in 1910, and became afolk high schoolin 1957. It is run by theSwedish Evangelical Mission.Around 250 students study at the academy, of which 20 reside at theboarding school.The curriculum mostly centres on studies of Christian theology. The general introductory course for students pursuing a career within theChurch of Sweden,as well asAllmän kurs,which is mostly non-religious and supplements normalsecondary schooleducation.[70][71][72]

In 2017, Södertälje had 13secondary schools,five of which weremunicipaland eight operated ascharter schools.[73]

Culture

[edit]
Oktoberteaternat Marenplan

Södertälje's primarytheatreis Oktoberteatern at Marenplan, which has a number of new productions each year. The venue opened in 1928. It originally contained a cinema called Castor, but was turned in to a theatre after a renovation in 1984.[74][75]Södertälje is also home to Sweden's only professional Finnish-language theatre group; Teatteri Kipinä.[76] [77]

One of the most popularcultural centrearound the city is Kulturhuset i Ytterjärna (English: The Cultural Centre in Ytterjärna). The complex houses a theatre, café, conference rooms and offices. It opened in 1992, and won second prize for Sweden's most popular modern building in 2001. During construction, special attention was paid to the acoustics of the premises, which has resulted in many concerts being held here. The concert hall has about 500 seats, and together with other anthroposophical activities receives about 30,000 visitors annually. Other cultural activities include exhibitions on architecture and garden art.[78][79]

The stages Estrad and Trombon at the City Hall often show theatre as well as concerts and film. The association Molto has organised concerts and creative activities for youth since 2008. A recurring tradition in Södertälje is the localrevueTäljerevyn,which makes humorous cabarets about the city, local traits and politics every year.[80]

Museums

[edit]
The windmill atTorekällberget

Torekällbergetopen-air museum(colloquially referred to as justTorekällbergetor simplyBerget) with the city museum Södertälje Stadsmuseum, is one of the most popular[citation needed]sights to visit in the city. The museum first opened in 1929 when the landmarkwindmilland a few other buildings were moved to the site. In connection with the redevelopment of the city centre in 1961, many old buildings were moved to Torekällberget. The museum is divided into the environments "Staden" (English: the City) and "Landet" (English: the Countryside). The urban environment is built around the main square Tenngjutartorget, where markets often are held. The square is surrounded by buildings from the 1700–1800s. Several species of domestic animals are kept at the museum. The environment conveys a picture of life in rural farms around Södertälje in the 1800s and earlier. There is also a stage where ballroom dancing and performances are often arranged during the summer months.[81][82][83]

The vehicle museumMarcus Wallenberg-hallen(English: The Marcus Wallenberg Hall) is situated bySaltskogsfjärden,next to the headquarters ofScania AB.The museum is named after the industrialistMarcus Wallenberg Jr.The collections include a number of older vehicles and environments; like the first mass-produced car in Sweden from 1903. It also features railway cars that were owned by theSwedish State Railways,used between the late 1800s until the early 1900s. Exhibited objects have been restored to their original condition. A little less than half of the museum consists of newer vehicles manufactured during the 2000s.[84][85]

The science museumTom Tits Experiment

Södertälje is home to a large science museum based on the bookLa Science Amusanteby French writerArthur Good.The museum is calledTom Tits Experimentafter the author's pen nameTom Tit.It started as a temporary exhibition at Södertälje Hall of Arts (Swedish: Södertälje Konsthall), but became so popular that it was turned in to a permanent museum. The museum is located in an old industrial building at Storgatan street. Today, it is the largestScience centrein Sweden. It occupies four floors, and has a park that is open during the summer season. The exhibitions contain more than 400 science experiments. Tom Tits Experiment received around 190,000 visitors in 2018.[86][87][88][89][8]

Saltskog gård(English: Saltskog manor) was the home of theindustrialistand mecenate Carl Fredrik Liljevalch.[90][91]Today it serves as a museum. The farm dates back to the 16th century. Liljevalch acquired it in 1881. Previously, the farm had been owned by the families Lovisin, Gyllenstierna, Dufva and Tamm. Liljevalch did however became the first to actually settle there permanently. He took an active part in the daily activities on the farm, and aspired that Saltskog gård would serve as a textbook example of ideal farming. He undertook extensive renovations of the farm and the estates to make them a cultural centre filled with art. An extension was made to the main building; and a smaller villa was added, together with a barn, stables and outhouses. The garden contains several unusual species of trees and is designed as anEnglish landscape garden.Two new commemorative rune stones were carved. Today, the manor is run by a non-profit association. They have restored much of the premises in their original condition. There are several artiststudiosand exhibition halls. Concerts, lectures and exhibitions are held all year round. During the summer season, theatre is also performed in the gardens.[92][93][94][95]

Biologiska Museetmuseum of biology

Biologiska Museet(English: The Museum of Biology) was donated to the city by patron Carl Fredrik Liljevalch. The building is in Art Nouveau style, and located on Erik Dahlbergs road. It opened to the public in 1913, thus making it the oldest museum in the city. The exhibitions were created by Gustaf Kolthoff and his son Kjell Kolthoff, and show animals and birds from the province of Sörmland (where Södertälje is located) in their natural environments. In total, there are over 100 different species on display. Kjell Kolthoff painted the largedioramasthat have remained to this day. The museum was completely renovated and reopened in 1983.[96][97][98][99]

The world's oldest propeller-driven steamship which still has its original engine is S/S Ejdern. It was originally built byGötaverkenin Gothenburg in 1880. During its first years, Ejdern operated in the Gothenburg archipelago, Lake Roxen, and several ports in central Sweden. Since 1906, it has had its home port in Södertälje. The first route from the port in Södertälje was to Mörkö, and cargo hauls in eastern Lake Mälaren. Between 1914 and 1957, the boat had one single owner, Rickard Fredmark. He sold the boat to the City of Södertälje. At that time, the ship was unprofitable and in very poor condition. The city subsequently decided that the boat was to be scrapped. In 1964 the boat was donated to an association for the preservation of old boats. Enthusiasts of this particular vessel broke out and formedMuseiföreningen Ångfartyget Ejdern(English: The Museum Association S/S Ejdern), who still own the boat today. Since 1976 they operate museum routs around Södertälje. From 1984, the boat is once again coal powered. S/S Ejdern has a capacity of 90 people, and often operates the route toAdelsöand Viking cityBirka.[100][101][102][103]

Wendela Hebbes husmuseum

Wendela Hebbes hus (English: Wendela Hebbe's house) is a museum ofWendela Hebbe,who was the first female professionaljournalistin Sweden. She became employed at the newspaperAftonbladetin 1841, where she wrote about theatre and music, and translated books. Besides being a journalist, she also wrote fairy tales. The building is a yellow wooden house, with two floors. It first stood at Snäckviken, close to the headquarters ofAstra AB.The property was purchased byLars Johan Hiertain 1863 to serve as a summer house for Wendela, her daughter Signe and the jointly unrecognised son Edvard Faustman. After being acquired by Södertälje Municipality it was moved to its present location between the canal and Marenplan in the city centre, and underwent extensive renovations. The venue houses a restaurant and a museum section with furniture and paintings from the Hebbe and Faustman families. It also acts as acultural centre,hosting theatres and exhibitions.[104][105]

Södertälje Konsthall(English: Södertälje Museum of Arts) showcases various exhibitions of paintings, sculptures and other artistic installations. The museum opened in 1968, and relocated to its current premises in Luna in 1978.[106]In 2015, Grafikens Hus (English: House of Graphics) decided to relocate to the city from nearby Mariefred, meaning there would be two art museums in Södertälje.[107][108]

Libraries

[edit]

Södertälje's city library was originally run by an independent association, but was taken over by the city council in 1945. It moved to its present location in 1978.[8]Lectures, courses and theatre are also held at the premises. The library has branches in Hölö, Järna, Enhörna, Hovsjö and Mölnbo.[109]The libraries in Enhörna, Hölö and Mölnbo are combined school and public libraries.[110][111][112]

Sports

[edit]
Södertälje SKplaying inScaniarinken

Inbasketball,Södertälje BBKor SBBK is one of the best in the country, andSödertalje KINGSbecame Swedish Champions in 2013, 2014 and 2015. In total SBBK has won 10 golds for the male teamSödertalje KINGSand 12 golds for the female teamTelge Basket.SBBK has in total 132 Swedish Championships since the star in 1968.[clarification needed]Täljehallenis the home for SBBK.

The city is home toSödertälje SK,a classic and successfulice hockeyteam currently playing in Sweden's second-highest league –HockeyAllsvenskan– withScaniarinkenas their home arena.Assyriska FFandSyrianska FCare also two successfulfootballclubs started in 1974 and 1977. They play at the same arena;Södertälje Fotbollsarena.

TheSödertälje Rugbyklubbwas formed in 1968.[113]The Södertälje Storm Rugby League club are a pioneeringRugby leagueteam, playing in the Swedish National Rugby League, which was formed in 2015.[citation needed]

There is an indoor swimming arena in which elite training and races are held, namedSydpoolen(English: the South pool).

Climate

[edit]

Södertälje, and the rest of Stockholm region has ahumid continental climate(KöppenDfb) and displays four distinct seasons. Due to the city's high northerly latitude, daylight varies widely from more than 18 hours around midsummer, to only around 6 hours in midwinter. Södertälje has much warmer and sunnier weather than other locations at the same latitude mainly because of the influence ofGulf Stream.

Summers have an average daytime high temperatures of 20–23 °C (68–73 °F) and lows of around 12 °C (54 °F), but there are periods of heat waves and many days with temperatures above 25 °C (77 °F)+). Winters are cold, though sometimes milder with temperatures ranging from −3 to 1 °C (27 to 34 °F), while spring and autumn mainly cool.

Annual precipitation is 640 mm (25 in) with light to moderate rainfall throughout the year. Snow mainly occurs from December through March, but snow cover duration varies between winters.

Climate data for Södertälje, 1991-2020 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0) 		11.9
(53.4) 		18.3
(64.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		28.5
(83.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.3
(88.3) 		26.3
(79.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		13.0
(55.4) 		32.4
(90.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		28.9
(84.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		7.6
(45.7) 		29.5
(85.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6) 		1.4
(34.5) 		5.1
(41.2) 		11.1
(52.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		20.5
(68.9) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		16.7
(62.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		5.3
(41.5) 		2.2
(36.0) 		11.3
(52.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		1.1
(34.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.9
(64.2) 		16.8
(62.2) 		12.2
(54.0) 		6.9
(44.4) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		7.2
(45.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.4
(41.7) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		3.4
(38.1)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −14.7
(5.5) 		−14.3
(6.3) 		−11.3
(11.7) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		8.1
(46.6) 		6.3
(43.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−17.3
(0.9)
Record low °C (°F) −23.7
(−10.7) 		−23.6
(−10.5) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		1.3
(34.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−11.8
(10.8) 		−25.0
(−13.0) 		−25.0
(−13.0)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 44.6
(1.76) 		37.3
(1.47) 		33.9
(1.33) 		34.4
(1.35) 		40.2
(1.58) 		68.9
(2.71) 		72.1
(2.84) 		73.7
(2.90) 		59.1
(2.33) 		59.6
(2.35) 		57.8
(2.28) 		58.0
(2.28) 		639.6
(25.18)
Source 1: SMHI Open Data[114]
Source 2: SMHI 1991-2020 normals[115]

Notable people

[edit]
Tennis playerBjörn Borggrew up in Södertälje

References

[edit]
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  16. ^abcSätherberg, Herman 1881,Södertelge,Svenska Familj-Journalen
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