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San Lorenzo in Lucina

Coordinates:41°54′12.3″N12°28′43.3″E/ 41.903417°N 12.478694°E/41.903417; 12.478694
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Basilica of St. Lawrence in Lucina
Basilica S. Laurentii in Lucina(in Latin)
Basilica di San Lorenzo in Lucina
Facade of San Lorenzo in Lucina in 2023.
Map
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41°54′12.3″N12°28′43.3″E/ 41.903417°N 12.478694°E/41.903417; 12.478694
LocationRome
CountryItaly
DenominationRoman Catholic
History
StatusParish church,titular church,minor basilica
Architecture
Architectural typeChurch
GroundbreakingAD 4th century
Specifications
Length65 metres (213 ft)
Width16 metres (52 ft)
Navewidth18 metres (59 ft)
Clergy
Cardinal protectorMalcolm Ranjith

TheMinor Basilica of St. Lawrence in Lucina(Italian:Basilica Minore di San Lorenzo in Lucinaor simplyItalian:San Lorenzo in Lucina;Latin:S. Laurentii in Lucina) is aRoman Catholicparish,titular church,andminor basilicain centralRome,Italy.The basilica is located in Piazza di San Lorenzo in Lucina in the Rione Colonna, about two blocks behind thePalazzo Montecitorio,proximate to theVia del Corso.

History

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The basilica is dedicated toSt. Lawrence of Rome,deaconandmartyr.The name "Lucina" derives from that of the Roman matron of the AD 4th century who permitted Christians to erect a church on the site.Pope Marcellus Isupposedly hid on the site during the persecutions ofRoman Emperor Maxentius,andPope Damasus Iwas elected there in AD 366.Pope Sixtus IIIconsecrated a church on the site in 440 AD. The church was denominated theTitulus Lucinae,and is so mentioned in the acts of the synod of AD 499 ofPope Symmachus.The church was first reconstructed byPope Paschal IIin the early 12th century.

The church was consecrated byPope Celestine IIIon 26 May 1196.[1]

In 1606Pope Paul Vassigned the basilica to the order ofClerics Regular Minor.Cosimo Fanzagocompletely renovated the interior in the 17th century, including conversion of the side aisles of the basilica into chapels. The ceiling was also frescoed by the Neapolitan Mometto Greuter.

In the 19th century, in a subsequent restoration of the interior commissioned byPope Pius IX,the Baroque decoration of the nave was replaced with frescoes painted byRoberto Bompiani.

The currentCardinal Priestof theTitulus S. Laurentii in Lucina,[2]established in AD 684,[contradictory]isMalcolm RanjithPatabendige Don, Archbishop ofColombo,Sri Lanka,who was appointed on 20 November 2010.

Art and architecture

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Interior

In the rebuilding of 1650, the aisled basilical plan was destroyed and the lateral naves were replaced by Baroque chapels, which were then leased to noble families to decorate and use as mausolea. This was done by inserting walls behind the piers of the arcades. The arcades themselves have solid, square piers with imposts. The flat ceiling is coffered, gilded, and decorated with rosettes and has a painting of theApotheosis of St. Lawrencein the central panel. This ceiling was made in 1857 underPope Pius IX.

Guido Reni'sChrist on the Cross(1639–40)[3]is visible above the high altar, framed by six Corinthian columns of black marble. Below the altar is a reliquary in which is preserved thegridironon which tradition maintains that St. Lawrence was martyred. The marble throne ofPope Paschal IIin the apse behind the high altar has an inscription that records the translation to the basilica of its relics ofSt. Lawrence of Rome.AMadonna and Child withJohn of NepomukandArchangel MichaelbyOnofrio Avellinohangs in the apse behind the high altar.

Bust of Gabriel Fonseca byGian Lorenzo Bernini

Gian Lorenzo Berninidesigned the Cappella Fonseca, fourth on the right, for the PortugueseGabriele Fonseca,who was physician toPope Innocent X(1644–55).[4]The chapel has some fine busts by Bernini and his workshop, includinga portrait of Fonsecato the left of the altar. This chapel also has the paintingElisha Pouring Salt into the Bitter FountainbyGiacinto Gimignaniof 1664.

The French artistNicolas Poussin(1594–1665) is buried in the second chapel on the right side and is commemorated with a monument that the French AmbassadorFrançois-René de Chateaubrianddonated in 1830.

The second chapel on the left has an altarpiece byCarlo Saraceni.

The fifth chapel on the left was designed and decorated bySimon Vouet.His two paintings depictSt. Francis of Assisi:one shows him receiving his religious habit and the other depicts his temptations. The altarpiece showsSt. Francis Appearing toGiacinta Marescottion Her DeathbedbyMarco Benefial.

Giuseppe Sardidesigned the baptistery to the left of the entrance in the 17th century.

In the basilica is also the tomb of the composerBernardo Pasquini(1637-1710). Three years after the composer's death, his portrait was placed there, sculpted inCarrara marbleby Pietro Francesco Papaleo (circa 1642–1718). The portrait was a commission by the composer's nephew Felice Bernardo Ricordati and his pupil Bernardo Gaffi.

Charles Stewart, an officer in the Papal army who died in 1864, is buried in the basilica. He was the son of John Stewart, PrinceCharles Edward Stuart's ( "Charles III", the "Young Pretender" ) "maestro di casa". Charles had ennobled John as a baronet in 1784.

Just outside the Basilica is the original sculpture ofWhen I was a Stranger,created by Canadian artistTimothy Schmalzas part of the Matthew 25 collection installed throughout Rome on the occasion of theExtraordinary Jubilee of Mercy.[5][6]

List of cardinal protectors

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Interments

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Notes

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  1. ^Vincenzo Forcella,Iscrizioni delle Chiese e d'altri edificii di RomaVol. V (Roma: Bencini 1874), p. 119, no. 344.
  2. ^David M. Cheney,Catholic-Hierarchy:San Lorenzo in Lucina (Cardinal Titular Church),accessed 23 March 2016.
  3. ^D. Stephen Pepper,Guido Reni: a complete catalogue of his works with an introductory text(Phaidon, 1984 ), pp. 62 and 168.
  4. ^Prosper Mandrosius,ʘEATPON, in quo maximorum Christiani orbis pontificum Archiatros(Romae: Typographio Paleariniano, 1784), pp. 53-4.
  5. ^Register, Evan Boudreau, The Catholic."Toronto Anglican parish welcomes Schmalz's latest Christ sculpture".www.catholicregister.org.Retrieved2024-02-15.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^Srl, Pixell."Benedette da Mons. Fisichella le nuove statue di Tim Schmalz".www.aslroma1.it.Retrieved2024-02-15.
  7. ^Hüls, Rudolf (1977).Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130(in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. p. 182.ISBN978-3-484-80071-7.
  8. ^Hüls, Rudolf (1977).Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130(in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. pp. 181–182.ISBN978-3-484-80071-7.
  9. ^Hüls, Rudolf (1977).Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130(in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. p. 181.ISBN978-3-484-80071-7.

References

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  • Titi, Filippo(1763).Descrizione delle Pitture, Sculture e Architetture esposte in Roma.Marco Pagliarini, Rome. pp.367–369.Fillipo Titi.
  • D. Mondini, "S. Lorenzo in Lucina", in: P. C. Claussan, D. Mondini, D. Senekovic,Die Kirchen der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter 1050–1300,Band 3 (G-L), Stuttgart 2010, pp. 261–309,ISBN978-3-515-09073-5
  • R. Krautheimer,Corpus basilicarum christianarum Romae.The early Christian basilicas of Rome, 2, Città del Vaticano 1959, 178–179.
  • Anthony Morris Clark (1981).Studies in Roman Eighteenth-Century Painting.Decatur House Press, Limited.ISBN978-0-916276-10-2.
  • Luigi Salerno,S. Lorenzo in Lucina in Via del Corso(Roma 1961).
  • M. E Bertoldi, "L'area archeologica di San Lorenzo in Lucina a Roma",Bollettino di archeologia,13–15, 1992, 127–134.
  • M. E. Bertoldi,S. Lorenzo in Lucina(Le chiese di Roma illustrate. Nuova serie 28), Roma 1994.
  • Olof Brandt, "Sul battistero paleocristiano di S. Lorenzo in Lucina",Archeologia lazialeXII (Quaderni di archeologia etrusco-italica 23), 1, Roma 1995, 145–150.
  • Olof Brandt, "La seconda campagna di scavo nel battistero di S. Lorenzo in Lucina a Roma. Rapporto preliminare",Opuscula Romana20, 1996, 271-274.
  • Olof Brandt, "Un'iscrizione riutilizzata da S. Lorenzo in Lucina",Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana70, 1994, 197–201.
  • F. Bertozzi, "S. Lorenzo in Lucina,"Roma Sacra2, 1995, pp. 6-17.
  • G. De Spirito, "Basilica S. Laurentii in Lucina",Lexicon Topographicum Urbis RomaeIII, Roma 1996, 183–185.
  • M. E. Bertoldi, "Un documento di archivio sul battistero di S. Lorenzo in Lucina",Ultra terminum vagari. Scritti in onore di Carl Nylandera cura di Börje Magnusson et al., Roma 1997, 43–44.
  • Wanda Tymowska; Alain Mérot; Daniela Gallo (2002).Marco Benefial: état de la question.Paris: Mémoire de DEA: Histoire de l'art: Paris 4.
  • Olof Brandt (ed.), "San Lorenzo in Lucina: The Transformations of a Roman Quarter." [Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen / Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae. 4°, 61.] Stockholm Rome 2012,ISBN9789170421792.
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Media related toSan Lorenzo in Lucina (Rome)at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
San Lorenzo in Damaso 		Landmarks of Rome
San Lorenzo in Lucina 		Succeeded by
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome
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