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Saionji Kishi(Tây viên tự hi tử,?– 19 November 1333),or more formallyFujiwara no Kishi(Đằng nguyên hi tử),was an empress consort of Japan. She was the consort ofEmperor Go-Daigoof Japan.[1]She was given the regnal name (join-gō(Nữ viện hào))Reiseimon-in(Lễ thành môn viện)in 1332 when her husband was banished, but it was abolished when he returned to thechrysanthemum thronein 1333. Later she was given the second regnal nameGo-Kyōgoku-in(Hậu kinh cực viện)upon her death. She was also an excellent poet, 14 of whosewakapoetry are included inchokusen wakashū(imperially-commissioned anthologies).
Kishi lamented that her husband was sentenced to exile. She then rushed to his prison by ox-carriage under the cover of night and stayed with him until morning. FromTaiheiki Emaki(c. 17th century), vol. 2, On the Lamentation of the Empress. Owned bySaitama Prefectural Museum of History and Folklore.
She was born as the 3rd daughter of Saionji Sanekane ( tây viên tự thật kiêm ). Sheelopedwith then-Crown Prince Takaharu (later Emperor Go-Daigo) in 1313 and officially got married with him in 1314. Prince Takaharu acceded to the throne as Emperor Go-Daigo in the 2nd lunar month, 1318 and Kishi was made semi-Empress consort(Nữ ngự,nyogo)in the 4th lunar month of the same year. She was made Empress consort (chūgū) in the 8th lunar month, 1319.
Although vol. 1 of the historical epicTaiheikitells she lost the emperor's favor because of her lady-in-waitingAno Renshi(mother ofEmperor Go-Murakami), Hiromi Hyodo, a Japanese literature researcher, claims that the story is the imitation of a poem byBai Juyi,and in the real history Kishi and Go-Daigo were a close and affectionate couple. Other sources such as vol. 4 of the same epic (as later illustrated inTaiheiki Emaki,vol. 2),Masukagami,several historical documents, and poetry by the couple's own hands, show the deep intimacy between the emperor and empress.
Emperor Go-Daigo was captured and exiled to theOki Islandsby theKamakura shogunatein the 3rd lunar month, 1332 and Kishi became a Buddhist nun in the 8th month the same year. Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from the Oki Islands and returned to Kyoto in the 6th lunar month, 1333. After that, Kishi resumed the title of Empress consort (chūgū) and a little later was made High Empress(Hoàng thái hậu cung,kōtaigō-gū,de jure"Empress Dowager", butde factohigher consort-title than "Empress" (chūgū)).She died on the 10th lunar month 12th, 1333.
Issue:
princess (1314–?), died young
Imperial PrincessKanshi( hoàn tử nội thân vương ) (Senseimon-in, tuyên chính môn viện ) (1315–1362),SaiōatIse Shrine;later, married toEmperor Kōgon
^Mori Shigeaki. Go-Daigo tennō: nanboku-chō dōran o irodotta haō ( hậu thể hồ thiên hoàng: Nam bắc triều động loạn を thải った bá vương ). Tokyo: Chūōkōronshinsha, 2000.ISBN4-12-101521-5
Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are inCE/AD1individuals that were given the title of empress posthumously
2individuals elevated to the rank of empress due to their position as honorary mother of the emperor
3Shōshi served briefly as honorary empress for her younger brotherEmperor Go-Daigo
Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are inCE/AD1individuals that were given the title of empress dowager posthumously
2title removed in 896 due to a suspected affair with head priest of the Toko-ji Temple; title posthumously restored in 943
3was made High Empress orde jureempress dowager during her husband's reign
