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Sandefjord

Coordinates:59°7′50″N10°13′00″E/ 59.13056°N 10.21667°E/59.13056; 10.21667
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Sandefjord Municipality
Sandefjord kommune
Sandefjord town centre during winter, 2019
Sandefjord town centre during winter, 2019
Vestfold within Norway
Vestfold within Norway
Sandefjord within Vestfold
Sandefjord within Vestfold
Coordinates:59°7′50″N10°13′00″E/ 59.13056°N 10.21667°E/59.13056; 10.21667
CountryNorway
CountyVestfold
Established1 Jan 1838
Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreSandefjord
Government
• Mayor(2003)Bjørn Ole Gleditsch(H)
Area
• Total422.28 km2(163.04 sq mi)
• Land414.26 km2(159.95 sq mi)
• Water8.0 km2(3.1 sq mi) 1.9%
• Rank#233 in Norway
Population
(2023)
• Total65,574
• Rank#14 in Norway
• Density158.3/km2(410/sq mi)
• Change(10 years)
Increase+6.5%
DemonymSandefjording[1]
Official language
Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3907[3]
WebsiteOfficial website

Sandefjord(Norwegian pronunciation:[ˈsɑ̂nːəfjuːr]) is amunicipalityinVestfoldcounty,Norway.It is located in thetraditional districtofVestfold.Theadministrative centreof the municipality is thecity of Sandefjord.Other population centres in Sandefjord includeAndebu,Fevang,Fokserød,Fossnes,Freberg,Hafallen,Helgerød,Himberg,Høyjord,Kodal,Lahelle,Melsomvik,Råstad,Solløkka,Stokke,Storevar,Strand,andUnneberg.

The 422-square-kilometre (163 sq mi) municipality is the 233rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sandefjord is the 14th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 65,574. The municipality'spopulation densityis 158.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

Sandefjord is known for its richVikinghistory and the prosperouswhalingindustry, which made Sandefjord the richest city in Norway.[6]Today, it has built up the third-largest merchant fleet in Norway.[7]Sandefjord Museumis the only museum in Europe dedicated to whaling, and is home toGokstad Moundwhere the 9th-centuryGokstad Shipwas discovered.

Sandefjord has numerous nicknames, including thewhaling"capital" of Norway or as the undisputed summer city ofNorway.[8][9]Sandefjord is also known as the "whaling capital of the world."[10][11][12]: F-7 [13]: 81 It has also been dubbed the "Bathing City" (Badebyen), due to its many beaches and former resort spas.[12]: 73 It is still considered a resort town, due to high numbers of visitors during summer months.[14]

Sandefjord has become a transportation hub, home ofTorp Airport,one of Norway's largest airports. Daily ferry connections to Sweden are provided byColor Linefrom the city harbor.European Route E18,one of Norway's main north–south highways, traverses the municipality.

Sandefjord is a stronghold for theConservative Party;[15][16][17]the Conservative coalition received over 70 percent of votes cast in 2011. Current mayor isBjørn Ole Gleditschfrom the Conservative Party, who has been mayor since 2004.

General information[edit]

The name originally belonged to the mainfjord,now called theSandefjordsfjord.[18]: 96 

TheladestedofSandefjordwas established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (seeformannskapsdistriktlaw). In 1845, the ladested of Sandefjord was made akjøpstad(giving it market town rights). On 1 January 1889, a part of the neighboring municipality ofSandeherred(population: 318) was transferred into Sandefjord. In 1931, an area of the neighboring municipality ofSandar(population: 66) was transferred into Sandefjord. In 1950, another area of the neighboring municipality ofSandar(population: 226) was transferred into Sandefjord.[19]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of theSchei Committee.On 1 January 1968 the municipality of Sandefjord (population: 6,242) was merged with the surrounding municipality ofSandar(population: 24,898), creating a much larger municipality of Sandefjord.[19]

On 1 January 2017, the rural municipalities ofAndebuandStokkewere merged into Sandefjord as part of a nationwide municipal reform. This merger was the first one to take place during the reform.[20]

Etymology[edit]

The name Sandefjord was first mentioned in chapter 169 ofSverris sagafrom the year 1200. It was then referring to the fjord which is now known asSandefjordsfjord.[21]: 353 The municipality (originally the city of Sandefjord) is named after the local fjord, now calledSandefjordsfjordensince thecity of Sandefjordgrew up at the head of the fjord. The first element of the name comes from the oldSandefarm (Old Norse:Sandar). The old farm name is thepluralform ofsandrwhich means "sand"or"sandbanks".The last element comes from the wordfjǫrðrwhich means "fjord".[22][23]: 6 [24]

Coat of arms[edit]

Coat of arms (1914–2017)
Coat of arms (since 2017)

Sandefjord has had two coats of arms over the course of its history.

The originalcoat of armswas granted on 9 May 1914 and they were in use until 1 January 2017.[21]: 256 The officialblazonis"Or,a Viking ship sable with a sailpalygules and argent under a whaleembowed".This means the arms have afield(background) has atinctureofOrwhich means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The arms usually showed amural crownover the shield. Thechargeis a Viking ship with a red and white striped sail with an arched whale over the top. TheViking shipsymbolizes the famousGokstad ship,which was found in Sandefjord in 1880, one of the best preserved Viking ships known. The whale symbolizes that in the late 19th and early 20th century, Sandefjord was a main home port forwhalersoperating in the southern oceans. The arms were designed byAndreas Bloch.The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[25][26][27]

The currentcoat of armswas approved for use starting on 1 January 2017, after the merger ofAndebu,Stokke,and Sandefjord.[28]The officialblazonis"Or,a whaler with raised harpoon on a boat issuant from the basesable"(Norwegian:I gull i en oppvoksende båt en hvalfanger med hevet harpun, alt i svart). This means the arms have afield(background) has atinctureofOrwhich means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. Thechargeis a whaler with a harpoon standing on a boat that is coming out of the base of the shield. The arms show part of a local whale hunting monument to symbolize the historical importance ofwhaling.The arms were designed by Erik Raastad from Sandefjord who called the design "courage and strength". There were also minor modification done by the heraldic expert Jan Eide from Oslo. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[25][26][29][30]

History[edit]

Viking history[edit]

The 9th centuryGokstad Shipwas discovered in Sandefjord.

Sandefjord has been inhabited for thousands of years.[23]: 6 Excavations indicate that people have inhabited Sandefjord for around 3,000 years. Rock carvings at Haugen farm byIstrehåganin Jåberg are dated to 1,500–500 BCE.[31]Haugen farm is home to Vestfold county's largestpetroglyphsite.[32]: 38 In 1961–1962, 78 rock carvings were discovered at the site. They consist of ships, spiral figures, circular hollows, and much more.[33]: 88 

The Vikings lived in Sandefjord and surrounding areas about 1,000 years ago, and numerous Viking artifacts and monuments can be found in Sandefjord.[34]One of the most important remains from theViking Agewas found at the grave siteGokstadhaugen(Gokstad Mound) in Sandefjord. TheGokstad shipwas excavated byNicolay Nicolaysenand is now in theViking Ship Museum in Oslo.TheViking,an exact replica of the Gokstad ship, crossed the Atlantic Ocean fromBergento be exhibited at theWorld's Columbian Expositionin Chicago in 1893. Areplicaof the Gokstad ship, calledGaia,currently has Sandefjord as home port.[35]: 277 [31]Other known replicas include theMunin,(a half scale replica) located in Vancouver, Canada.

The Gokstad Ship, Norway's largest preserved Viking ship, was discovered during an excavation atGokstad Moundin 1880. The Vikings first settled here due to its speedy route from Sandefjord and along the coast.[36]Viking settlements and grave sites have been discovered in Sandefjord.[37]: 397 

Sandefjord functioned as a seaport defined by the twin industries of shipping and shipbuilding throughout the 1600s and 1700s. It was formally recognized as a market town (kjøpstad) byKing Oscarin 1845. Its population at the time was 749 residents.[36]

Health resort[edit]

Kurbadetis housed in one of the largest wooden buildings in theNordics.[38]

Thecity of Sandefjordbecame known as a world-renowned health resort destination between 1837 and 1939. Royalty and Prime Ministers from throughout Europe visited the town for its spas in the late 1800s.[39]It gained its reputation as a health and pleasure community whenSandefjord sulfur spa and resort(Sandefjord Kurbad) was established in 1837. It was the first spa in town and functioned as a medical institution focusing on the treatment of symptoms for rheumatic diseases. The original bathhouse has been restored and is now a culture house by the city center.[36]It was one of Europe's most visited baths until its closure in 1939.[40]: 36 

Around 50,000 people, mostly Norwegians, visited the bath from 1837 to 1939. A majority of spa visitors were from Norway, but international guests from Germany,Britain,and the United States also visited the spas of Sandefjord.[31]Today the bath's building,Kurbadet,has been restored and hosts cultural events and various annual activities.[41]

Town fires[edit]

Sandefjord has experienced numerous town fires, including a town fire in 1800 which led to most of the town burning down and subsequently having to be rebuilt.[41]An additional fire in 1900 destroyed 56 houses and caused major damage.[31]Sandefjord's ships and the shipping industry remained untouched from the major fire of March 1900.[42]: 200 The fire, which started on the night before 16 March 1900, led to the entire city center burning down, including important business offices. Both newspapers in town,Sandefjords BladandVestfold,saw their offices burnt down. Six jewelry stores, three watchmakers, eight grocery stores, and a variety of other shops were destroyed. The fire started in the factoryNordmannen.The fire caused the loss of 51 buildings for a total value of 1.5 millionkrin addition to 1 millionkrin loss of store items.[43]: 7–9 Sandefjord Church(built in 1872) also burnt down during the town fire of 1900.[21]: 330 

A new town fire on 27–28 March 1915 led to the death of two people and destroyed seven farms. Large parts of the street Storgata were also destroyed.[43]: 74 [42]: 299 

Whaling and ships[edit]

Whaler's Monumentis made in style of a compass, and it rotates slowly.[35]: 349 [44]

Sandefjord is perhaps best known as a whaling community.[45]The centre of the world's modern whaling industry was located in town, and local residents not only made up practically all the crew on the Norwegian whaling fleet, but substantial numbers of them also worked within the whaling industry in nearby countries. For over fifty years in the late 1800s, Sandefjord functioned as the world center for the whaling industry, including the manufacture and equipment of whaling vessels, floating factories, and whale-catchers.[46]: 25 Sandefjord has also been named the "whaling capital of the world."[10][11][12][13]There were 25 whaling companies that were established in Sandefjord between 1905 and 1914.[47]: 170 During the 1911–1912 season, Sandefjord had 27 whaling companies with a total of 115 vessels. This made up over 30 percent of the world's whaling firms.[42]: 218 

Southern Actor,museum shipat Museum's Wharf
Christian Radich,full-rigged ship built in Sandefjord

Starting in 1850, a number of ships from Sandefjord werewhalingandsealingin theArctic Oceanand along the coast ofFinnmark.The first whaling expedition from Sandefjord to theAntarctic Oceanwas sent in 1905. Towards the end of the 1920s, Sandefjord had a fleet of 15factory shipsand more than 90 whalers. In 1954, more than 2,800 men from the district were hired as crew on the whalers, but from the mid-1950s whaling was gradually reduced. The number of southbound expeditions rapidly decreased during the 1960s, and the 1967–1968 season became the last for Sandefjord.[47]: 170 In 1971, Sandefjord's last whale processing vessel was sold toJapan.[33]: 28 The shipping industry was gradually readjusted from whaling to other ship types during this period. The localFramnæs Mekaniske VærkstedandJotun Group Private Ltd.had major roles in this business.

Today, the memories of this important period of Sandefjord's history are kept alive at theWhaling Museum(Hvalfangstmuseet). This museum is the only museum in Europe specializing in whales and the history of whaling.[34][48]The history of the whalers can also be explored at the Museum's Wharf with a visit aboard thewhale-catcherSouthern Actor.Whalingis considered to be the industry which made Sandefjord the richest city in Norway.[6]

Sandefjord also has shipping traditions of tall sailing ships and steam ships. The full-rigged sailing shipChristian Radich,three-mastedbarquentineEndurance,whale catcherJasonandViking shipreplicaVikingwere some of the many ships built byFramnæs Mekaniske Værksted.

Hans Albert Grønof Sandefjord established the first whaling station in theFaroe Islandsin 1894, which was located atGjánoyrion the island ofStreymoy.[49][46]: 84 As of 1903, half of all whaling companies in the Faroe Islands were operated out of Sandefjord.[42]: 205 Furthermore, Sandefjord was the headquarters of theSouth African Whaling Company(SAWC), which was established in 1908 and managed by shipownerJohan Brydeof Sandefjord.[50]Sandefjordian whaling firms were also established on the coast of Africa, inPortugal,Mexico,Western Australia,among other places.[42]: 327 

Antarctic expeditions[edit]

TheNorwegian flagwas raised at Framnæsodden inSandefjord Coveon Antarctica'sPeter I Islandin 1929.[51]
Norway achieved sovereignty ofBouvet IslandduringNils Larsen's Antarctic expeditions.

Towards the beginning ofWorld War I,Norwegian whaling spread throughout the world, most and foremost from Sandefjord. Expeditions from Sandefjord went as far asNorwegian Bayin Australia,Stewart Islandin New Zealand,Walvis Bayin Namibia,Corral, Chile,and also isolated places such asKerguelen Islands,South Georgia Island,Bouvet Island,and theSouthern Ocean.[52]: 618–619 

In the 1910s, affluent residentAugust F. Christensenwas given a grant to practice whaling outsidePeruandEcuador.He was also appointed Ecuador's consul to Norway. He achieved an agreement with Ecuadorian government officials which allowed Norwegians to inhabit theGalápagos Islands,and also receive 200 hectares (490 acres) of land, pay no taxes for ten years, and be allowed to keep their Norwegian citizenship.[52]: 665–666 [53]Christensen created huge local interest of Galápagos, and the local companyLa Colonia de Floreana A/Swas established on 21 March 1925. Its main goal was to exploit the Norwegian fishing rights at the Galápagos Islands. A ship namedFloreanadeparted from Sandefjord on 15 May 1925, equipped with enough men and goods to establish a colony.[52]: 666–667 

Model ofWhalers Churchin Grytviken, exhibit atSandefjord Museum.

On 16 November 1904,Carl Anton Larsenof Sandefjord established the whaling community ofGrytviken,the largest settlement inSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.[54][55]South Georgia Islandlies a few thousand kilometers east ofCape Horn.[52]: 619 

Nils Larsen(1900–1976) was a sea captain from Sandefjord, famous for his expeditions ofAntarcticain the early 20th century. It was under his expeditions that Norway achieved annexation ofBouvet Islandin 1927 andPeter I Islandtwo years after. A cove on Antarctica's Peter I Island is namedSandefjord Covein honor of Larsen's hometown.[56][57]Sandefjord Ice Bayin continental Antarctica is also named after Sandefjord.[58]Mount Nils LarseninQueen Maud Land,Mount NilsinEnderby LandandNils Larsen Glacierare examples of many geographical names given in honor of Nils Larsen.[59]

World War II[edit]

Germanfortresseswere constructed on bothWest- andEast Island.

A week afterOperation Weserübung,German forces entered Sandefjord on 16 April 1940. About 30-40 men arrived in semi-trucks fromHortenunder the leadership of Erik von Drydalski. After handing their directives to Sandefjord police chief Kjartan Bruun Hansen, the men left for Hotel Atlantic, where they established their headquarters in Sandefjord. German troops in Sandefjord soon rose to 200.[60]At the beginning of theGerman occupation of Norway,a GermanHafenkapitän(harbormaster) was placed at Tollboden, and a representative forAdmiral Norwegenwas placed in an office building atFramnes verft.German soldiers could be seen marching throughout the city. At the beginning of the occupation, over 2,000 German officers visitedSocitetsbygningen(today'sPark Hotel), which belonged toSandefjord Spa.TheNazi flagwas waving over the building during the visit. Norwegian students were told to learn the German language, and handed out a book,Deutsche Fibel.They were also given a copy of Adolf Hitler's bookMein Kampftranslated into the Norwegian language.[61]: 116–117 

Albert Skålsvik of Krokemoa is honored atMinnehallen.

German forces constructed two coastal forts in Sandefjord, located at the southern tips of two local peninsulas:VesterøyaandØsterøya.The largest German construction in Sandefjord took place atFolehavna,where a fortress was erected in the spring of 1941. Four cannons with a target range of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) were installed at the site, along with a 120-metre (390 ft) tunnel. The four 15-centimetre (5.9 in) cannons were installed in concrete gun pits on the sloping rocks. German construction also took place by the lakeGoksjø,and also at Jernbaneallén, where a former garage structure was turned into a prison camp.[61]: 121–122 [62]: 114 

Many local residents were killed during World War II, including a number of seamen. Håkon Andersen of Framnes was killed onboardArcturuswhen the ship was attacked by BritishBeaufighters.Albert K. J. Skålsvik (1921–1944) of Krokemoa, a member of the Norwegian Homefleet ( "Hjemmeflåten" ), was 18 years when the war broke out. Skålsvik was killed, along with the captain, when the shipDS Kong Bjørnwas attacked by allied warplanes byRyvingen Lighthousein 1944. He is now commemorated at theHall of Remembrancein the town ofStavernin neighborinLarvik Municipality.Skålsvik's younger brother, Bernard, was also a part of the Homefleet and was killed at age 17 in 1945.[61]: 192 [63]

Radios were illegal, and people of Sandefjord such as Henry Melby ofGokstadwas arrested for having a radio in 1942. He was incarcerated at the tankerInger Johanne,which was attacked by allied warplanes in 1944, killing 15 people, including Henry Melby.[61]: 192 

In the fall of 1941, German occupation forces replaced Sandefjord's city manager Finn Sandberg withNS-memberFrithjof Holtedahlwho was soon appointed mayor. The neighboringSandar Municipalityreceived its NS mayor in November 1941, Ole Kristian Holtan.[62]: 119 Olaf Bøe fromNasjonal Samlingwas appointed editor forSandefjords PressebyAnders Beggerudin 1944.[62]: 119 

Following World War II, Norway became one of the founding members ofNATOand several air bases were constructed in Norway using NATO funds. One of these wasSandefjord Airport Torp,which was to be used by theUnited States Air Forcein case of war. Construction began in 1953 and was completed in July 1956.

SAS merge[edit]

Rural municipalities of Andebu and Stokke merged into Sandefjord in 2017.

The municipalities of Sandefjord (S),Andebu(A) andStokke(S) merged on 1 January 2017. The merge was the first of numerous nationwide merges following a municipal reform by theSolberg Cabinet.[64][65]: 8 The "new" municipality became the most populous in Vestfold county.[65]: 13, 171 Proposed names for the "new" municipality wereGokstad,Sandar,andTorp,however, the nameSandefjordwas ultimately kept.[65]: 116 

A poll conducted by theSandefjords Bladnewspaper in January 2015 called 600 residents in Andebu, 750 in Stokke, and 1,000 in Sandefjord. All were given the question "Do you think Stokke, Andebu, and Sandefjord should establish one single municipality?". About 69% of Sandefjord residents answered "yes", while 64% (Andebu) and 61% (Stokke) answered "yes" in Stokke and Andebu.[65]: 136 

Few Stokke residents readSandefjords Blad,the main newspaper of Sandefjord, and relatively few residents commute to thecity of Sandefjordfor work. Despite this, Stokke residents voted to merge with Sandefjord due to two key features: its wealth and the nearby international airport.[65]: 72 About 78 percent of Stokke residents ultimately voted to merge into Sandefjord during the September 2015 elections.[65]: 165 

Population growth[edit]

The municipality experienced a 98.6 percent population growth from 1875 to 1900. Even not including the boundary adjustments between the municipalities of Sandar and Sandefjord in 1888, this population increase was substantially higher than most Norwegian cities. Sandar experienced the largest population growth of any Norwegian town, and over twice the growth of other towns in Vestfold County.[42]: 111 

From 1875 to 1900, the disposable income of people from Sandefjord increased by over 200 percent.[42]: 80 Total assets in local banks also increased, and in 1895–1900, total assets went fromNOK0.6 to 1.9 million in Aktiekreditbanken and from NOK 1.1 million to 1.3 million in Sandefjords Sparebank.[42]: 85 Even after whaling lost its importance, Sandefjord remained Norway's richest city, and from 1913 to 1917, the median income increased by over 350 percent.[42]: 295 

Geography[edit]

The bridge toNatholmen,one of 116 islands in Sandefjord.[40]: 38–39 [21]: 3 
TheStauperIslands

Sandefjord is a coastal municipality on the western shore of theOslo Fjord.It can be described as a suburb ofOslo,situated 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of the capital.[13]: 4 Sandefjord is the largest municipality inVestfoldcounty. Its coastline has various beaches and sheltered coves, and several forests are scattered across the municipality.[34]The twopeninsulascalledØsterøya( "East Island" ) andVesterøya( "West Island" ) contribute to a total coastline of 146 kilometres (91 mi), and form theSandefjordsfjordenandMefjorden.The coastline offers a wide variety of sandy beaches,skerries,andislets,along withbaysand sloping rocks. Forested areas are often laced with paths and lighted for trails for summer hikes and winter skiing.[66]Of Sandefjord's total area, 37.7 square kilometres (14.6 sq mi) (31%) is agricultural and 36.2 square kilometres (14.0 sq mi) (26%) is forest. About 2 percent is made up of lakes and rivers.[21]: 100 Sandefjord is located east ofLarvik Municipality,west ofFærder Municipality,and southwest ofTønsberg Municipality.

The coastal municipality includes about 124 islands.[67]Small island bays give shelter for overnight campers, and many islets have relatively accessible beaches.[40]: 38–39 [68]Sandefjord is home to several peninsulas, including the 12-square-kilometre (4.6 sq mi)Vesterøya,the 8-square-kilometre (3.1 sq mi)Østerøya,the 1-square-kilometre (0.39 sq mi)Engø,Marøy, and Årø. The island ofLangøya(Langø) is the largest island at 0.55 square kilometres (140 acres), while other islands include the 0.4-square-kilometre (99-acre) Ravnø, the 0.25-square-kilometre (62-acre) Skogøy/Storøya, the 0.2-square-kilometre (49-acre)Natholmen,the 0.13-square-kilometre (32-acre) Storholmen, the 0.1-square-kilometre (25-acre) Ormestadholmen, the 0.08-square-kilometre (20-acre) Grindholmen, and the 12-acre (0.049 km2)Granholmen.Despite its location in between Flautangen and Lindholmen (both part ofFærder Municipality) in theTønsbergfjorden,the archipelago ofStauperbelongs to Sandefjord. It consists of ten large islands and a number of smaller skerries and islets.[33]: 143 

There were two natural lakes in Sandefjord prior to the 2017 merger:Goksjø,which is the third-largest inVestfoldCounty, and the smaller 2,000-square-metre (22,000 sq ft) lake Napperødtjern.[40]: 29 Napperødtjern lies a few hundred meters north of Goksjø and is anature preservesurrounded by swamp forests and wetland.[35]: 234 Artificial ponds includeBugårdsdammen,Brydedammen,Virikdammen, Kroksjø, Veradammen, Svarttjern, and others. Local wildlife such as moose, deer, and avifauna can often be observed near freshwater lakes and rivers.[21]: 103–105 

Sandefjord has four fjords:Sandefjordsfjord,Lahellefjord,Mefjord,andTønsbergfjord,which it shares with neighboringTønsbergandFærdermunicipalities.[40]: 45 

The highest point in the municipality isBrånafjellat 398.9 metres (1,309 ft), which lies northwest of the village ofHøyjord.[69]Hjertåsat 148 metres (486 ft) above sea level is the highest point within thecity of Sandefjord.From the peak are surrounding views of theOslofjord,VealøsbySkien,SkrimandTorp.[70]: 202–204 [47]: 171 

Climate[edit]

Bytunetin Byparken (City Park), spring 2008.
Sandefjord during winter.
Tangen Beach during summer.

The climate of the entirety of Norwayis extremely affected by theGulf Stream.Were it not for the warming effects of the Gulf Stream, coastal cities along theOslo Fjordwould be up to 4 °C (39 °F) colder.[71]This means that the climate, the summers especially, are warmer than in other regions at the same latitude, i.e. theState of AlaskaorSiberia.[72]Sandefjord has a higher latitude thanJuneau, Alaska;Sandefjord is at 59°08′N, while the capital of Alaska is at 58°18′N. Sandefjord experiences more sun than any other Norwegian municipality during the summer months.[73]

Warm breezes from theSkagerrakcause a mild climate, and Sandefjord experiences the highest annual number of cloud-free days in Norway.[13]: 4 The climate is relatively mild for its latitude. Fields become green in early May, but the air remains slightly cold. The summer seldom begins before the end of May, when temperatures often rapidly increase. The whole month of June and most of July experience little darkness during night andsongbirdsare silent for only 2–3 hours at most.[74]: 6 July is the warmest month of the year in Sandefjord when temperatures often rise above 20 °C (68 °F).

Sandefjord has a relatively humidcontinental climate(Dfb) with warm summers, no dry season, and relatively much precipitation year long. During the colder season, which is from the end of November until early March, there is a 56 percent average chance that precipitation will be observed during a given day. The likelihood of snow falling is highest in late January and the season in which it is likely to snowfall spans from early November until early April. The coldest day of the year in Sandefjord is 4 February, with an average low temperature of −6 °C (21 °F) and average high of only −1 °C (30 °F).[75]

Climate data for Sandefjord
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean maximum °C (°F) 6
(43)
6
(43)
11
(52)
18
(64)
24
(75)
26
(79)
28
(82)
26
(79)
22
(72)
16
(61)
10
(50)
7
(45)
28
(82)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1
(34)
1
(34)
4
(39)
10
(50)
16
(61)
20
(68)
22
(72)
21
(70)
16
(61)
11
(52)
5
(41)
1
(34)
11
(51)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9)
−0.7
(30.7)
1.6
(34.9)
6.2
(43.2)
11
(52)
14.7
(58.5)
17.3
(63.1)
16.5
(61.7)
13.4
(56.1)
8.4
(47.1)
4.4
(39.9)
0.9
(33.6)
7.8
(46.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4
(25)
−5
(23)
−2
(28)
2
(36)
7
(45)
11
(52)
13
(55)
13
(55)
9
(48)
5
(41)
1
(34)
−3
(27)
4
(39)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −14
(7)
−14
(7)
−10
(14)
−4
(25)
1
(34)
5
(41)
9
(48)
8
(46)
2
(36)
−2
(28)
−6
(21)
−11
(12)
−14
(7)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 75
(3.0)
53
(2.1)
52
(2.0)
52
(2.0)
52
(2.0)
57
(2.2)
60
(2.4)
76
(3.0)
64
(2.5)
93
(3.7)
83
(3.3)
68
(2.7)
785
(30.9)
Average precipitation days 13 10.8 10.4 10 10.5 10.1 10.4 12.2 9.9 12.9 13.8 12.9 136.9
Average snowy days 6.6 5.7 4.5 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 2.2 5.3 25.6
Averagerelative humidity(%) 82 79 76 73 69 69 74 76 76 81 83 82 77
Mean dailysunshine hours 3.3 4.5 7.0 9.0 11.3 12.9 12.2 10.2 7.5 4.9 3.3 3.0 7.4
Source 1:Meteoblue[76]
Source 2: climate-data.org[77]

Villages[edit]

Høyjord Stave Churchis the onlystave churchleft inVestfoldCounty.[67]

Sandefjord Municipality includes several larger urban areas in addition to thecity of Sandefjord(population: 45,816):[67]

A small part of Sandefjord,the Himberg farm,is anexclaveinside the borders of the neighboringLarvik Municipality.[21]: 139 [65]: 13 All efforts at annexing Himberg into surrounding Larvik have been met with massive protests from local residents. A 1995 annexation attempt was ultimately canceled due to large protests from Himberg residents. Himberg is a rural agricultural community consisting of no more than ten households.[40]: 114–117 There are only four similar exclaves in Norway, andHimbergis the most populous exclave in the nation, with a population of around 40. It is 1.4 square kilometres (0.54 sq mi).[78]

Government[edit]

Sandefjord Municipality is responsible forprimary education(through 10th grade), outpatienthealth services,senior citizenservices,welfareand othersocial services,zoning,economic development,and municipalroadsand utilities. The municipality is governed by amunicipal councilofdirectly electedrepresentatives. Themayorisindirectly electedby a vote of the municipal council.[79]The municipality is under the jurisdiction of theVestfold District Courtand theAgder Court of Appeal.

Mayors[edit]

Municipal council[edit]

Themunicipal council(Kommunestyre)of Sandefjord is made up of 45 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by politicalparty.

Sandefjord kommunestyre 2023–2027[80]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 8
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 5
Green Party(Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
Conservative Party(Høyre) 18
Industry and Business Party(Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 2
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Norway Democrats(Norgesdemokratene) 1
Red Party(Rødt) 1
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 2
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
Liberal Party(Venstre) 2
Total number of members:45
Sandefjord kommunestyre 2019–2023[81]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 12
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 4
Green Party(Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
Conservative Party(Høyre) 15
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
Red Party(Rødt) 1
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 5
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 3
Total number of members:45
Sandefjord kommunestyre 2015–2019[82][83]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 10
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 4
Green Party(Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
Conservative Party(Høyre) 17
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 2
Total number of members:39
Sandefjord kommunestyre 2011–2015[84]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 9
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 5
Conservative Party(Høyre) 18
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Pensioners' Party(Pensjonistpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 2
Total number of members:39
Sandefjord kommunestyre 2007–2011[83]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 7
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 8
Conservative Party(Høyre) 17
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Pensioners' Party(Pensjonistpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
Liberal Party(Venstre) 1
Total number of members:39
Sandefjord kommunestyre 2003–2007[83]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 8
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 10
Conservative Party(Høyre) 10
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Pensioners' Party(Pensjonistpartiet) 2
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
Liberal Party(Venstre) 1
Total number of members:39
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1999–2003[83][85]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 8
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 9
Conservative Party(Høyre) 14
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
Pensioners' Party(Pensjonistpartiet) 4
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
Liberal Party(Venstre) 1
Total number of members:47
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1995–1999[86]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 12
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 9
Conservative Party(Høyre) 16
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
Red Electoral Alliance(Rød Valgallianse) 1
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 2
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 1
Total number of members:47
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1991–1995[87]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 14
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 7
Conservative Party(Høyre) 18
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
Red Electoral Alliance(Rød Valgallianse) 1
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 3
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 6
Liberal Party(Venstre) 1
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1987–1991[88]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 16
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 12
Conservative Party(Høyre) 18
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 2
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1983–1987[89]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 17
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 6
Conservative Party(Høyre) 22
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 1
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 3
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1979–1983[90]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 16
Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet) 1
Conservative Party(Høyre) 26
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
New People's Party(Nye Folkepartiet) 1
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 2
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Liberal Party(Venstre) 3
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1975–1979[91]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 18
Anders Lange's Party(Anders Langes parti) 1
Conservative Party(Høyre) 23
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
New People's Party(Nye Folkepartiet) 2
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 2
Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Liberal Party(Venstre) 2
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1971–1975[92]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 20
Conservative Party(Høyre) 21
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 4
Socialist People's Party(Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 5
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord kommunestyre 1967–1971[93]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 21
Conservative Party(Høyre) 22
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Centre Party(Senterpartiet) 3
Socialist People's Party(Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 5
Total number of members:55
Sandefjord bystyre 1963–1967[94]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 12
Conservative Party(Høyre) 20
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 3
Total number of members:37
Sandefjord bystyre 1959–1963[95]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 12
Conservative Party(Høyre) 20
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 3
Total number of members:37
Sandefjord bystyre 1955–1959[96]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 12
Conservative Party(Høyre) 19
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 4
Total number of members:37
Sandefjord bystyre 1951–1955[97]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 11
Conservative Party(Høyre) 18
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
Liberal Party(Venstre) 4
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1947–1951[98]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 11
Conservative Party(Høyre) 16
Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti) 1
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Joint list of theLiberal Party(Venstre)and theRadical People's Party(Radikale Folkepartiet) 6
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1945–1947[99]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 11
Conservative Party(Høyre) 14
Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti) 2
Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
Liberal Party(Venstre) 5
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1937–1940*[100]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 11
Conservative Party(Høyre) 18
Liberal Party(Venstre) 7
Total number of members:36
Note:Due to theGerman occupation of NorwayduringWorld War II,no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Sandefjord bystyre 1934–1937[101]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 9
Liberal Party(Venstre) 9
Joint list of theConservative Party(Høyre)and theFree-minded People's Party(Frisinnede Folkeparti) 18
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1931–1934[102]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 8
Liberal Party(Venstre) 8
Joint list of theConservative Party(Høyre)and theFree-minded People's Party(Frisinnede Folkeparti) 20
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1928–1931[103]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 10
Joint list of theLiberal PartyandTemperance Party(Venstre og Avholdspartiet) 7
Joint list of theConservative Party(Høyre)and theFree-minded Liberal Party(Frisinnede Venstre) 19
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1925–1928[104]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 6
Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)
2
Joint list of theLiberal PartyandTemperance Party(Venstre og Avholdspartiet) 7
Joint list of theConservative Party(Høyre)and theFree-minded Liberal Party(Frisinnede Venstre) 18
Local List(s)(Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1922–1925[105]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 6
Temperance Party(Avholdspartiet) 5
Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)
2
Liberal Party(Venstre) 2
Joint list of theConservative Party(Høyre)and theFree-minded Liberal Party(Frisinnede Venstre) 19
Local List(s)(Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:36
Sandefjord bystyre 1919–1922[106]
Party name(in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet) 9
Liberal Party(Venstre) 8
Joint list of theConservative Party(Høyre)and theFree-minded Liberal Party(Frisinnede Venstre) 18
Local List(s)(Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:36

Politics[edit]

With assets of nearly half a billion kroner,Bjørn Ole Gleditsch(H) is the richest mayor in Norway.[107]

Sandefjord is a stronghold for theConservative Party.[108]In theNorwegian local elections of 2011,47.9% of voters voted for the Conservative Party. The right-wing parties received a total of 70.4% of the vote in Sandefjord, compared to 51.2% nationwide.[109][110][111][112]The current mayor,Bjørn Ole Gleditsch,was elected in 2004 with the support of theProgress Party.Gleditsch is the wealthiest mayor to ever be elected in Norway.[113][114]Cathrine Andersenfrom the Progress Party has been deputy mayor since 2015.[115]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1845794
18551,165+3.91%
18651,797+4.43%
18752,452+3.16%
18914,238+3.48%
19004,869+1.55%
19105,183+0.63%
YearPop.±% p.a.
19205,651+0.87%
19305,930+0.48%
19466,302+0.38%
19516,717+1.28%
19606,984+0.43%
197031,752+16.35%
198034,758+0.91%
YearPop.±% p.a.
199035,888+0.32%
200039,317+0.92%
201043,126+0.93%
202063,764+3.99%
202365,574+0.94%
Note: The municipal borders were changed in 1889, 1931, and 1950; causing a significant change in the population.
Source:Statistics Norway[4][116]and Norwegian Historical Data Centre[117]

According toStatistics Norwayin 2017, the municipality was home to 62,622 residents. There were 2,797 vacation homes in Sandefjord as of 2018, and 2,19 people per housing unit. About 69% of residents are members ofChurch of Norway,18% are unaffiliated, and 12.8% are members of other religious communities. In addition to the localChurch of Norwaychurches, the municipality also houses various minor congregations, including an Adventist church and Methodist church.[23]: 147 

Religious minorities with congregations in town includePentecostals(Salem),Catholics(St. Johannes Døperen),Methodists(Metodistkirken),Seventh-day Adventists(Adventkirken),Baptists(Baptistkirken),Norwegian Lutheran Mission(Den lille gren),Jehovas Witnesses(Rikets Sal) andMuslims(Alkawther Islam Center and Sandefjord Islamic Center).[21]: 370 Baptists first established a congregation in town in the 1880s and Methodists in the 1890s.[42]: 178 

Brunstad Conference Center inStokke.

Brunstad Christian Church(Smith's Friends) is anevangelicalnon-denominationalchurch which was established in neighboringHorten Municipalityin 1905.Brunstad Conference Centeris the denomination's headquarters and is located inStokke.It is the only worldwide denomination which was established in Norway.[70]: 313 [118]

The largest minority groups in 2017 (first- and second generation immigrants) are Lithuanians (1.95%), Polish (1.93%), Iraqis (1.24%), Vietnamese (0.80%), Germans (0.71%), Swedes (0.69%), Kosovans (0.67%), Bosnians (0.64%), and Danes (0.51%).[119]

After the merger with Stokke and Andebu in 2017, Sandefjord has a population of over 63,000. This makes Sandefjord to the 11th most populous municipality in Norway.[65]: 13 [120]It is the most populous city inVestfoldCounty;[67]One in four people from Vestfold county are from Sandefjord, or 25.2 percent of the county population.[121]

Economy[edit]

Jotunis one of the world's largest manufacturers of paints and coating products.

Sandefjord is the wealthiest municipality in Norway.[6][122]Important industries in Sandefjord are information technology, chemical production, tourism, navigation, ship building and fishing.[74]: 6 [123]It is home to the international airportTorp Airport,paint producerJotun,the breweryGrans Bryggeri,the chocolate factoryHval Sjokoladefabrikk,and the engineering company Ramboll Oil & Gas. High-tech and information technology have become important industries in recent times,[23]: 5–6 represented by some of Norway's largest web shops: Komplett, mpx.no, and netshop.no.

The largest employer, besides the municipality itself, isJotun,which was established in Sandefjord in 1926. Jotun is now one of the world's largest manufacturers of paints and coating products.[124][125]As of February 2017, Jotun has a presence in over 100 countries and employed 9,500 employees worldwide. The Jotun Group operates four divisions, while its head office is located in Sandefjord.[31]As of 2016, Jotun had 9,800 employees including one thousand employees within Norway. It operated 37 factories in 21 countries and is represented in 120 countries through distributors, offices, and agents. It is owned by theGleditschfamily andOrkla ASA.[35]: 314 

While Jotun by far is the largest company inVestfoldcounty, the second-biggest company isKomplett.A web shop operating in all of Scandinavia, Komplett had aNOK7.3 billion revenue in 2015 and had 800 employees.[126]

Seaside homes at Åsnes bySandefjordsfjord

Sandefjord had Norway's most expensive seaside vacation homes as of 2011, with an average price ofNOK7.2 million.[127]General property values in Sandefjord appreciated 25.7 percent between 2010 and 2015.[128]

Sandefjord Whaling Museumhas had over one million visitors as of 1994.[129]: 104 
The bilingual interpretive sign atGokstad Moundmeasures 23.5 metres (77 ft), symbolizing theGokstad Ship'slength.[23]: 40 

The largest companies in Sandefjord based onoperating incomein 2015:[130]

No. Company name Operating income
in 2015 (inNOK)
1 Jotun 16,844,327,000
2 Komplett 7,256,700,000
3 Skjeggerød AS 4,523,277,000
4 ALSO AS 2,457,643,000
5 Carlsen Fritzøe AS 1,543,189,000

Tourism[edit]

Sandefjord is dubbed a resort area due to its many summer visitors.[14]Sandefjord is also nicknamed the "Bathing City" due to its many beaches, islands and minor archipelagos. Beaches such as Vøra and nearbyLangebyonVesterøyaattract summer visitors fromOsloand other larger Norwegian cities.[12]Sandefjord became a bathing destination whensulphurwas discovered in waters andgyttjain 1837.[67][74]: 18 

Sandefjord is home to over two thousand vacation homes, most of which are built along the seaside.[67]Sandefjord had Norway's most expensive vacation homes as of 2012; the mean vacation home price wasNOK7.1 million in 2012.[131]

Vøra attracts tourists from all of Norway, and can be crowded during summer.[23]: 70 [13]: 36 

Sandefjord may be best known for its bathing and many beaches.[37]: 398 [12]: 74 The city of Sandefjord is in the southern part of the municipality and it lies on a low, slightly inclinedstrand,protected on three sides by hills, and only open towards the south where theSandefjordsfjordis located. It is known for its great bathing and pure sea water quality. It has a country-like appearance with clean streets and quaint roads. The area is dependent on the beaches during the summer season when many tourists arrive in Sandefjord.[74]: 6 The bathing season in Sandefjord generally begins on the first of June and runs through the last day of August.[74]: 11 

Visitors toSandefjord Spain the 19th century were the first tourists to the area, and this made Sandefjord into a popular holiday destination.[129]: 140 Sandefjord's fame as a seaside mecca dates back to 1837, whensulphur springsfirst were discovered in town.[13]: 51 Sandefjord has been nicknamed "Eastern Norway's vacation paradise." A majority of current tourists and vacation homeowners are from the capital ofOslo.[13]: 4 

Sandefjord is home to four hotels:Scandic Park Hotel,Hotel Kong Carl,Torp Hotel, andClarion CollectionHotel Atlantic.[132][133]

SkjellvikaBeach

Culture[edit]

Number of immigrants (1st and 2nd generation) in Sandefjord by country of origin in 2017[134]
Ancestry Number
Lithuania 1,121
Poland 1,111
Iraq 733
Vietnam 504
Sweden 429
Germany 423
Kosovo 408
Bosnia and Herzegovina 394
Denmark 319
Syria 298
Somalia 250
Philippines 207
Thailand 191
United Kingdom 189
Afghanistan 182
Hjertnes Civic and Theater Center
Former villa ofAnders Jahreat Midtåsen

The 9th centuryGokstad Shipwas discovered in Sandefjord during an 1880 excavation led byNicolay Nicolaysen.The ship itself, which is now at theViking Ship Museumin Oslo, was built around year 910. It is the largest preserved Viking ship in Norway.[47]: 170 [135][136]A Viking chieftain was buried at theGokstad Mound(Gokstadhaugen), along with the 23.5 metres (77 ft) Gokstad Ship. Interpretive signs have been put up at the Gokstad Mound on Helgerødveien.[137][138]

Sandefjord has four churches remaining from the Middle Ages:Høyjord Stave Church,Kodal Church,Skjee Church,andAndebu Church.While Andebu Church has Norway's oldest parish register (dated 1623), Høyjord Stave Church is the onlystave churchleft inVestfoldcounty. Its chancel dates to the year 1100 and is the oldest part of the church. Burial mounds dating to the Viking Age can be seen around the church.[67][18]: 113 Sandar ChurchbySandefjord Stationwas constructed atop of the ruins of a Medieval church dated to the 13th century. The present church, however, was erected in 1792.[21]: 352 [33]: 83 [139]

Harbour Chapela floating church

Midtåsen Sculpture Park contains a collection of bronze and marble works by sculptorKnut Steen,which is housed in a pine forestpavilionoverlooking Sandefjord and theSandefjordsfjord.[140]The former estate of shipping magnateAnders Jahreis located at Midtåsen, and is now owned by the municipality. Guided tours of the villa are available.[141]The villa was designed by architectArnstein Arneberg.It is located in a 60-decare (15-acre) park.[35]: 265 

Hjertnes Civic and Theater Centeris home to three auditoriums and an outdooramphitheater.A movie theater, City Hall and library are found at Hjertnes. Concerts, opera, and other cultural events also take place at Hjertnes Civic Center.[142]

Art[edit]

The Sculpturepavilionat Midtåsen Sculpture Park.

Sandefjord is the city in Norway with the most sculptures per inhabitant. There are around 100 sculptures from over 50 artists and sculptors includingØrnulf Bast,Nils Aas,Dagfin Werenskiold,Knut Steen,Per Krogh,and others. Notable sculptures include theWhaler's Monumentand the Sea Queen (Havdronningen) byArnold Haukeland,which is located outsideHjertnes Civic and Theater Center.[143]Midtåsen Sculpture Parkcontains a collection of bronze and marble works by Knut Steen in a park and villa designed byArnstein Arneberg.Poseidon Sculpture Park, which is located inBadeparken,features Greek mythology sculptures byNina Sundbye.Arne Durban's sculpture "Mother and Child" is located in the City Park ( “Byparken” ), while a sculpture of priestMagnus Brostrup Landstadmade byHans Holmencan be seen atLandstads plassbySandar Church.A polar bear sculpture bySkule Waksvikis located outsideSandefjord Museum,while a whale jawbone arch is placed outsideScandic Park Hotel.A memorial to fallen sailors (Sjømannsminnesmerket) was placed outsideSandefjord Churchin 1920 and was made by sculptorGustav Lærum.[144]

The fountain at Christopher Hvidts Plass, the Thaulow fountain, was donated to the city in 1875 byHeinrich Arnold Thaulow,the city's first physician and founder ofSandefjord Spa.It is the city's oldest sculpture and its first donation.[35]: 335 

In 2017, the NGOArt for All in the Worldconducted a project where seven mural artists contributed. A mural byEduardo Kobra,“Peace between nations”, can be seen behindPeter Grøns gate 2B.Street art by graffiti artistVictor Ashcan be seen atStockfeldsgate 6-8.[145]: 108 

Museums[edit]

Sandefjord is home to Europe's only museum dedicated towhaling,which is located in the city center.[34][139]The museum was one of the first original museums in Norway when established in 1917. Today it boasts over 150,000 photographs as well as exhibits of marine animals, a restored whale catcher, and more.[48][146]A whale catcher namedSouthern Actoris docked at Museum's Wharf and is a part of the Maritime Museum. It is the only whale catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original working order. It was constructed bySevilla Whaling Co.in 1950 and brought to Sandefjord in 1989.[62]: 395 [147]Museum's Wharf ( "Museumsbrygga" ) was established in 1995 and both theGaia shipandSouthern Actorwere placed at the wharf.[62]: 394 

There are six protected buildings in Sandefjord as of 2008: City Museum (Bymuseet), Maritime Museum (Sjøfartsmuséet), and the three farms Elverhøy, Nordby, and Auve farms. The city's oldest house, which is located at Skippergaten 6 and was built in 1667, is also one of the city's protected structures.[21]: 258 The City Museum and Maritime Museum, along withSandefjord Museum,are the three museums found in Sandefjord. Sandefjord Museum is among the world's largest whaling museums.[129]: 104 [23]: 140 It was established in 1917 and was a gift to the city fromLars Christensen.[42]: 314–315 

Transportation[edit]

The NOK 1.1 billionMS Color Hybridis the world's largest hybrid ship.[148][149]
Dakota Norway,Norway's onlyDouglas DC-3.[65]: 162 [150]

Sandefjord Airport Torpis one of Norway's largest airports, and is particularly known for its high number of international flights.[151][152]Torp is Norway's second-largest airport in terms of international flights in 2003. As of 2003, Torp had over one million annual passengers, of which around 50% were for international flights.[153]Despite being located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) south of Oslo, Torp is sometimescalled Oslo Airport Torp.It is reached with a free shuttle bus fromSandefjord Airport Stationwhich is located along theVestfoldbanenrailway line.

Sandefjord Airport is a budget airline hub for airlines such asWiderøe,Ryanair,andWizz Air.[154]Torp offers direct routes to over 30 international and domestic destinations,[155]including daily flights to European cities such asLondonandAmsterdam.[124]Sandefjord is served by frequent intercity trains to Oslo and onwards toOslo Airport.

Daily ferries connect Sandefjord to Sweden.[31]Color LineferriesMS Color HybridandColor Vikingconnect the town toStrömstadin Sweden.[156]Fjord Lineis another ferry service connecting Sandefjord and Sweden.[157]The neighboring town ofLarvikis home to daily ferry operations between Norway andHirtshals,Denmark.[158]Scandi Linewas a former ferry service operating ferries between Sandefjord and Sweden.[159]Sandefjord is also home to a domestic ferry route:MF Jutøyatransports people and goods to the nearby island ofVeierlandfrom Engø peninsula several times per day.[160]Sandefjord is also a cruise ship destination.[23]: 51 

European route E18traverses the municipality. It is one of Norway's most important main roads, and makes the drive toOsloapproximately 90 minutes.[129]: 140 

Public transit[edit]

OnlyBergen- andOslo Airportshave more international flights than Torp Airport.[161]

Sandefjord Stationis the central train station and is served by regional trains operated byVy.The main bus station is also located by Sandefjord Station. Fast and frequent express buses from Sandefjord shuttle along theEuropean route E18highway, connecting toKristiansandand linking key resorts inSouthern Norway.Trains and buses for Sandefjord leaveOslo Central Station(Oslo S) every 30 minutes, and the journey takes two hours.[162]The public transportation system in Sandefjord is known asVestfold Kollektivtrafikk(VKT).[163]

Besides Sandefjord Station, additional railway stations includeSandefjord Airport StationandStokke Station.Torp Express Bus Service operates buses from Sandefjord Airport to Oslo. There are free shuttle buses between Sandefjord Airport Station and Sandefjord Airport.[164]

Sandefjord Airport Torpis one of Norway's largest airports.[151]

Sport[edit]

Sandefjord Fotball atStorstadion.

Bugårds Parkis the sits of Sandefjord's largest sporting grounds and facilities, including areas for soccer, tennis, frisbee golf, handball, badminton, archery, rollerskating, horseback-riding, water sports, ice hockey, and ice skating. The 60-acre (24 ha) park sits bySandefjord High Schooland is also home to a walking path,duck pondand designated picnic areas. The swimming center with its 2,500-square-metre (27,000 sq ft) public pool is also located in Bugårds Park. Indoor handball courts are housed in Jotunhallen, while tennis courts are found in Pingvinhallen.[142][165]

Sandefjord Golfbane is an 18-hole golf course located at Jåberg, about 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) from the city center. It was designed byPeter Chamberlin.It was established in August 2009.[35]: 125 [166]

Professional sports[edit]

Sandefjord Fotballis a professionalfootballclub which plays inTippeligaen/Eliteserien (Norwegian Premier League). The team previously played home games atStorstadion,but has played atKomplett Arenasince its opening in 2007. The club reached theNorwegian First Divisionin 1999, the year after its foundation.

Sandefjord is noted for its strong performance in professional handball. Sandefjord is home to two top league handball teams:Sandefjord TIFandIL Runar.[33]: 166 From 1991 to 2008 Sandefjord TIF won nine Men's Premier League and another local team,Runar Håndball,won four.[167]Sandefjord TIF Handballwon the Men's Premier League again in 2005–2006.

In professional ice skating, Sandefjord has been the location ofNorwegian Allround Championshipsin 1928, 1958, and 1961.[168]

The Gamle Stadion hostedmotorcycle speedwayaround the pitch during the 1970s[169]and held the final of theNorwegian Individual Speedway Championshipin 1972.[170]

Education[edit]

Sandefjord High School is the largest in Norway.[67]
Framnes Elementary School

Sandefjord High School(SVGS) has about 2,000 students and is Norway's largest high school.[171]It is a result of the merge between Sandefjord's four former high schools.[23]: 113 Skagerak International Schoolis also located in town and offers English-speaking kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, and high school. Other private schools include Moe School and Mokollen School. Skiringssal folkehøyskole is afolk high schoolin Sandefjord, which is owned byVestfoldcounty.[67]There are six public middle schools in Sandefjord: Andebu, Breidablikk, Bugården, Ranvik, Stokke, and Varden middle schools. There are 21 public elementary schools in the municipality as well.[172]

Sandefjord High School (SVGS) and its two-story 32,000-square-metre (340,000 sq ft) facilities are located at Krokemoa near theBugårds Park.It is a publicInternational Baccalaureate World School,[173][174]but also offers general academics (the college preparatorystudiespesialiseringof the Norwegian school system), as well as elite sports, vocational education, and more.[171]

Skagerak International Schoolis a private, English-language,International Baccalaureate World Schoolat Framnes.[175]Its education is offered to both international and Norwegian students. Established as a High School in 1991, the school expanded to include a kindergarten as well as primary and middle schools in 2000. The basis of the education is formed by the International Baccalaureate Primary Years (PYP), Middle Years (MYP) and Diploma (DP) programs. Skagerak is located in a renovated shipyard on the waterfront atFramnes.Camps and excursions are offered for all primary and middle school students, as well as two or more annual trips abroad. High school students travel abroad for cultural and service-oriented trips, mostly to areas in Europe, Central Asia, and Africa. The High School is a member ofUNESCO'sSOULproject.[176]

As of 2018, 250 students are enrolled atPilot Flight AcademyatTorp Airport.[177]

Points of interest[edit]

Whaler's MonumentwithScandic Park Hotelseen on the left
Sandar Churchwas consecrated in 1792.[23]: 149 

Notable points of interest include:[31][178]

Recreation[edit]

View fromTønsberg Barrel,aseamarkknown since the days of KingSverre.[129]: 13 
Entry to Knattholmen Campground onNatholmen Island.

Sandefjord has some of Eastern Norway's largest preserved coastal recreation areas.[62]: 398 [129]: 140 This includesYxnøy,which is one of the largest preserved nature areas alongVestfold's coast.[47]: 177 There are 20 kilometres (12 mi) of coastal hiking trails onØsterøyapeninsula, including to its southern tip whereTønsberg Barrelis located. Tønsberg Barrel is an old beacon mentioned inSverris saga.The 20-kilometre (12 mi) coastal path at Østerøya (East Island) is an extension of the 25-kilometre (16 mi) coastal path onVesterøya.[184]These 45 kilometres (28 mi) of hiking trails are part of the internationalNorth Sea Trail.[160][185]Additional hiking trails are found at Preståsen, Hjertnes Forest, Fjellvikåsen, Mokollen, Midtås, as well as the Culture Walk.[186]There are also 100 kilometres (62 mi) of hiking trails that are attached to trailheads by Heisetra in ruralAndebu.[35]: 31 [187][47]: 200 Sandefjord is home to tencross-country skiing trails(loipes).[188]

Goksjøis a 3.47-square-kilometre (1.34 sq mi) lake on the border between Sandefjord andLarvikmunicipalities. It is the third-largest lake inVestfoldcounty.[189]Goksjø is popular for swimming, kayaking and fishing; some of the fish species found here areNorthern pike,European perch,Ide,Common dace,European eel,SalmonandBrown trout.[190]Freshwater fishing is also common by rivers such as Svartåa inAndebuand the Hagenes River inKodal.Numedalslågen,which is considered one of Norway's best salmon fishing rivers, is located in neighboring town ofLarvik.[123][70]: 526 [74]: 10 

Sandefjord is home to numerous campgrounds, all which are located along the seaside. Campgrounds include Asnes,Langeby,Vøra, Sjøbakken, Strand Leirsted,Solløkka,and islands such asGranholmenandNatholmen.[145][129]: 140 [191]Langebyis considered Sandefjord's best beach byFrommer's[6]andFodor'sTravel Guides,[12]: 74 and is home to Langeby Camping which offers boat and kayak rentals. Tent camping is permitted on numerous nearby islands, including the 4.5-hectare (11-acre) Hellesøya[192]and the 5-hectare (12-acre) Buerøya.[193][194]Langeby lies adjacent toVøra,a neighboring beach and campground. Vøra tends to get crowded during warm summer days due to tourism. It attracts summer vacationers from throughout Norway during warm summer months.[23]: 70 [13]: 36 

The archipelago ofStauperin theTønsbergfjorden,between the island ofTjømeand theØsterøyapeninsula, is particularly popular during summer months. These islands are popular for swimming, kayaking, boating, and camping. It consists of four larger islands, four small islands, and a number of islets.[47]: 181 [35]: 291 

Tent camping is permitted in forests, a minimum of 150 metres (490 ft) from the nearest settlement.[195][40]: 86 

Beaches[edit]

Langeby Beach attracts thousands of visitors every summer.[13]: 36 
Camping atLangebyBeach, 1966

Sandefjord's 146 kilometres (91 mi) of coastline is home to various beaches:[196][197][198]

  • Asnes(West Island): Campground, convenience store, public restrooms, diving boards, sloping rocks.
  • Flautangen(East Island): Firepits, fishing, public restrooms.
  • Folehavna(West Island): Hiking trails, fishing, sloping rocks. Ruins from a German fortress built in 1941.[47]: 173–175 [35]: 71 
  • Fruvika(West Island): Firepits, benches, public restrooms.
  • Granholmen(islet): Campground, convenience store, public restrooms, pier, boat rentals, playground.
  • Grubesand(West Island): 100-meter beach with hiking trails, firepits, sloping rocks, picnic tables, fishing, and public restrooms.
  • Langeby(West Island): Campground, convenience store, fishing, boat pier, restrooms, sloping rocks, floating platform, diving boards, showers, volleyball court, soccer field, playground.
  • Sandtangen(GoksjøLake): Freshwater beach with pier and floating platform.
  • Skjellvika(Østerøya): Oceanside pier, diving boards, hiking trails, floating platform, sloping rocks.
  • Strømbadet(city center): floating jetty for swimming in the Sandefjord Harbor. Access from Hjertnesstranda.
  • Tangen(Vesterøya): Diving boards, floating platform, soccer field, playground, volleyball court, benches, toilets.
  • Truber andYxnøy(East Island): Sloping rocks, public restrooms, hiking trails, picnic tables.
  • Vøra(Vesterøya): Campground, convenience store, volleyball court, public restroom, playground, soccer field, floating platform.
GoksjøLake is used for ice-skating, swimming, kayaking, and fishing.
Between 116[21]: 3 [40]: 38 -124[67]islands and minor islets are within city limits.

Additional beaches include Bogen (Nallberg), Brunstad, Kleivern, Korsvik, Kulerødvannet, Sandbånn and Rossnesodden (Melsomvik), Storevar, Stålerødvannet, Ertsvika, Strandvika, Albertstranda, Ormestadvika, Trollsvann, and Vårnes.[199]

Several islands with beaches are only accessible by boat, including Gokstadholmen, Lindholmen, Gåsø, Furuholmen, Gåsøkalven, Ravnø, Buerøya and Hellesøya.[197][200]

The lakeGoksjøis home to beaches such as Gubbetangen and Sandtangen.[201]

In the early 1940s, Sandefjord's mayorFrithjof Holtedahlacquired the beaches of Asnes onVesterøyaandSkjellvikaonØsterøya.Mayor Holtedahl was also instrumental in acquiring the beachVørain 1943.[62]: 132 

Nature preserves[edit]

The early 1980s saw the establishment of several nature preserves in Sandefjord, including atFokserød,Strandvika,Hemskilen,andVøra.[62]: 397 

Sandefjord is home to 16nature preservesas of 2017:[67][202]

Public parks[edit]

Public parks in Sandefjord include:[203]

Poseidon Sculpture Park
Byparken
  • Bugårdsparken( "the Bugårds Park" ), 60-acre park that is home toStorstadion,a 20-acreduck pond,public pools, ice-skating rink, and a sports facilities.
  • Byparken( "the Town Park" ), built after the town fire of 1900. Home of the statueMother and ChildbyArne Durban.[13]: 60–61 The decision to establish a city park was made by the city council on 28 June 1901. In 1906, enough funds had been received to secure the land. The park has a cubic stone pedestal gifted to the city in May 1995 fromSandefjord Rotary.On this pedestal is where the "sculpture of the month" has been placed every month since 1995.[204][205]
  • Badeparken( "the bathing park" ), 15-acre city park with fitness trail, an amphitheater, and playground, adjacent toScandic Park HotelandHjertnes Civic and Theater Center
    • Poseidon Sculpture Park,sculpture park byNina Sundbyeestablished in 1995
  • Andebuparken,park in the center ofAndebu
  • Sandefjord Hundepark(Sandefjord Dog Park), dog park nearSandefjord Upper Secondary Schoolmanaged by Sandefjord hundeklubb
  • Midtåsen Sculpture Park,15-acre park at Anders Jahre's former villa, sculptures and views of theSandefjordsfjord.The park was dedicated to artistKnut Steen.[35]: 265 
  • Hjertnesstranda( "the Hjertnes Beach" ), park at the harbor-front with barbecue grills, sand volleyball fields, benches, public toilets.
    • Sandefjord Skatepark
  • Kirkeparken( "the church park" ), park immediately west of Sandefjord Church.[21]: 330 
  • Preståsen,park and recreation area situated on a 44-metre (144 ft) high hill overlooking the city. Preståsen has various hiking trails, benches, a playground, barbecue sites, a water fountain, andBrydedammen,which is a large pond. It has two access points from Bjerggata in the city center.[33]: 14–15 

Fauna[edit]

Eurasian lynxis rare but occasionally observed in Sandefjord.[206][207]

Wildlife includes theMountain hare,European badger,European beaver,Roe deer,Red deer,Moose,Red fox,European hedgehog,European pine marten,andNorway lemming.More rare but occasionally encountered are theGray wolf,Eurasian lynx,WolverineandBrown bear.

Wolves are extremely rare in Sandefjord, although they have been observed on numerous occasions.[208][209]A wolf shot in neighboringLardalin 2013 was the first wolf killed inVestfoldCounty in over 100 years.[210]

Common European Viperis the only venomous snake found in Norway.[211]There are an additional two non-venomous snake species found in Vestfold County:European grass snakeandEuropean smooth snake.TheSlowwormis considered a lizard.[70]: 22 

Notable residents[edit]

Business & Public Service[edit]

Lars Christensen, 1934
Bjørn Ole Gleditsch, 2010

The Arts[edit]

Dag Solstad, 2010
Ina Wroldsen, 2016

Sport[edit]

Ronny Johnsen, 2017

In popular culture[edit]

Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales(2017) was directed by two people from Sandefjord.

Sandefjord is mentioned in a number of songs, including "Ola var fra Sandefjord"(byEinar Rose,later recorded by the Johnny Band and others), "I Sandefjord by[no]"(Anita Hegerland), "En sang om en sjømann" (Lillebjørn Nilsen), "Oasen 2014" (Tix), "Medvind" (Erik og Kriss), "Vanvittig Utopi II" (Gatas Parlament), "Så Det På TV" (Postgirobygget), and "Helt om natten, helt om dagen" (Lars Vaular).

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]