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Sarpsborg

Coordinates:59°17′09″N11°06′43″E/ 59.28583°N 11.11194°E/59.28583; 11.11194
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Sarpsborg Municipality
Sarpsborg kommune
Municipality
Parts of Sarpsborg
Parts of Sarpsborg
Flag of Sarpsborg Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Sarpsborg Municipality
Coat of arms
Østfold within Norway
Østfold within Norway
Sarpsborg within Østfold
Sarpsborg within Østfold
Coordinates:59°17′09″N11°06′43″E/ 59.28583°N 11.11194°E/59.28583; 11.11194
CountryNorway
CountyØstfold
Administrative centreSarpsborg
Government
• Mayor(2023)Magnus Arnesen (H)
Area
• Total406 km2(157 sq mi)
• Land370 km2(140 sq mi)
• Rank#238 in Norway
Population
(31 December 2022)
• Total59,038Increase
• Rank#13 in Norway
• Density134/km2(350/sq mi)
• Change(10 years)
Increase+6.6%
DemonymSarping[1]
Official language
[2]
•Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3105[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Sarpsborg(pronounced[ˈsɑ̀ʂbɔr]or[ˈsɑ̀rpsbɔrɡ]), historicallyBorg,is acityandmunicipalityinØstfoldcounty,Norway.The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.

Sarpsborg is part of the fifthlargest urban area in Norwaywhen paired with neighbouringFredrikstad.As of 1 January 2018, according toStatistics Norwaythese two municipalities have a total population of 136,127 with 55,840 in Sarpsborg and 81,278 in Fredrikstad.[4]

Statistics for 2021, say that the city has a population where 19% of the children belong to families that have "low-income in the long-term"; that is the highest level for a city (in Norway); the national level is 11.3%.[5]

General information

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Name

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InNorsetimes the city was just calledBorg(fromborgwhich means "castle"). The background for this was thefortificationbuilt by Olav Haraldsson (see History section). Later thegenitive caseof the name of thewaterfallSarpr(Sarp Falls) was added, it's unclear how Sarpsborg received this part of its name, two interpretations are the most prevalent. The first coming from the Icelandic wordSarprwhich meansbirdcagein English. The other interpretation is thatSarprmeans "the one who swallows", probably referring to the local waterfall.[6]

In Norse times Østfold county was calledBorgarsýslawhich means "the county (sýsla) of Borg" and the law district of southeast Norway was calledBorgarþingmeaning "thething/court of Borg ".

The old name has been revived in thediocese of Borg(1968) andBorgarting Court of Appeal(1995).

Coat of arms

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Thecoat-of-armsis from modern times and was granted on 13 November 1991. It is based on a coat of arms dating from 1556 and shows a bear above a castle. The bear was introduced as early as some time in the 13th century, by theearlof Sarpsborg(Comes de Saresburgh),Alv Erlingsson.He used the bear to symbolise his strength.[citation needed]The castle symbolises the fortress (borg) that gave the city its original name.[7]

History

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Downtown Sarpsborg (Roald Amundsens Gate)

The city was founded asBorgby the Viking KingOlav Haraldsson(Saint Olaf) in 1016. It was burned to the ground by Swedish invaders in 1567 during theNorthern Seven Years' War.Half the population was evacuated down the river to what is today known as Fredrikstad, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) downstream.

Much of the rebuilt town disappeared into the riverGlommaduring a 1702mudslide.Again Borg was rebuilt, and it was recreated as a city in 1839, and separated fromTuneas a municipality of its own.

The rural municipalities of Tune,Skjeberg,andVarteigwere merged with the city on 1 January 1992. The population is steadily growing, and during the summer of 2005 it reached 50,000 inhabitants.

In 2016 the town celebrated its 1,000th anniversary, and the entire year was commemorated by a special programme that encouraged historic preservation within the town.[8]

Historically, the sawmill and timber shipping industry has been Sarpsborg's most important sources of income, however since theindustrialisationin Norway, more specifically Sarpsborg and the establishment of local manufacturing businesses during the late 1800s, the biggest beingBorregaard,Sarpsborg has changed from its traditional timber-based economy andpre-industrial societyto a more manufacturing and refining-based economy andindustrial society.In modern times Sarpsborg has moved away from being a city based on the local manufacturing and refining industry, with only around ten percent employed within the local manufacturing industry, coinciding with Norway's general shift towards apost-industrial society.Despite this, the city is still widely regarded by Norwegians both unofficially and officially, to be an industrial city.[9]

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Sarpsborg by country of origin in 2021[10]
Ancestry Number
Poland 1,646
Iraq 1,382
Bosnia-Herzegovina 1,102
Kosovo 841
Somalia 725
Syria 557
Sweden 492
Afghanistan 408
Iran 372
Vietnam 297
Lithuania 267
Philippines 260
Thailand 240
Serbia 178
Pakistan 174
Denmark 161
Russia 160

Economy

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BorregaardIndustries is, and always has been, the most important industry in the city. The city is also the home ofBorg Bryggerier,part of theHansa Borg Bryggerier,which is Norway's second largestbrewery-group.

City districts

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Sport

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During the 1950s and 1960s, Sarpsborg was famous for itsfootball (soccer)team,Sarpsborg FK,but is now more known for itsice hockeyteam,Sparta Warriors.In football,Sarpsborg 08 FFhas taken over the local throne, currently playing at the highest national level. On 6 November 2009, they sent arch-rivalFFKdown from thetop divisionin a play-off game inFredrikstad stadion.Sarpsborg 08 has a women's football team that was promoted to the women's Division 1 at the end of 2011, at the same time as the club's under-19 girls reached the Junior Cup Final.Sarpsborg BKplays in the highestbandydivision.[citation needed]

Sarpsborg is famous for its two elite leagues teams in floorball,Sarpsborg IBKandGreåker IBK.

Climate

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Sarpsborg has ahumid continental climate(Dfb) or temperateoceanic climate(Cfb), depending on winter threshold used (0 °C (32 °F) as in US or −3 °C (27 °F) as in Europe). The all-time high 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) was recorded in July 2018. The all-time low −26 °C (−15 °F) was set in December 2002. Since the weather station was incepted in 1991, the records may not be representative of a longer time frame. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 20 April[11]and average date for first freeze in autumn is 22 October[12]giving a frost-free season of 184 days (1981-2010 average).

Climate data for Sarpsborg (2002–2021 averages, extremes since 1991)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		30.0
(86.0) 		31.5
(88.7) 		33.5
(92.3) 		30.4
(86.7) 		25.0
(77.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		33.5
(92.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		12.2
(54.0) 		17.3
(63.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		21.9
(71.4) 		15.9
(60.6) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		29.5
(85.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		5.6
(42.1) 		11.4
(52.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.3
(68.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		11.3
(52.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		11.8
(53.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.3
(64.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		7.8
(46.0) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		7.9
(46.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.8
(25.2) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		2.5
(36.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		9.8
(49.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.5
(40.1)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		1.1
(34.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−16.3
(2.7)
Record low °C (°F) −23.3
(−9.9) 		−23.0
(−9.4) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−26.0
(−14.8)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 78.2
(3.08) 		53.9
(2.12) 		45.7
(1.80) 		45.8
(1.80) 		64.1
(2.52) 		69.4
(2.73) 		73.9
(2.91) 		99.1
(3.90) 		86.7
(3.41) 		112.9
(4.44) 		101.4
(3.99) 		84.2
(3.31) 		915.3
(36.01)
Source: Norsk Klimaservicesenter[13]
Climate data for Sarpsborg 1991-2020 (57 m, extremes 1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		27
(81) 		30
(86) 		31.5
(88.7) 		33.5
(92.3) 		30.4
(86.7) 		25
(77) 		18.8
(65.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		33.5
(92.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		11.1
(52.0) 		14.9
(58.8) 		17.4
(63.3) 		16.5
(61.7) 		12.2
(54.0) 		7
(45) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		7.2
(44.9)
Record low °C (°F) −21.5
(−6.7) 		−23
(−9) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−6
(21) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		2
(36) 		7
(45) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1
(30) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−26
(−15) 		−26
(−15)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 76.7
(3.02) 		51.9
(2.04) 		49.4
(1.94) 		49.2
(1.94) 		54.4
(2.14) 		71.9
(2.83) 		67.2
(2.65) 		89.3
(3.52) 		84.9
(3.34) 		105.4
(4.15) 		101.3
(3.99) 		85.3
(3.36) 		886.9
(34.92)
Source 1: yr.no/Norwegian Meteorological Institute[14]
Source 2: eklima/met.no[15]

Musical artists and bands

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Notable residents

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Zacharias Mellebye, 1854
Oscar Torp, 1950

Public service

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The Arts

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Nils Ole Oftebro, as King Olaf II, 1992
Thomas Myhre, 2009
Marianne Skarpnord, 2009

Sport

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Twin towns - Sister cities

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Sarpsborg has severalsister cities:[21]

References

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  1. ^"Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn"(in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^"Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar"(in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023)."Kommunenummer".Store norske leksikon(in Norwegian).Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^"Population 1 January and population changes until now this year. The whole country, counties and municipalities".Statistics Norway.22 August 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 27 March 2019.Retrieved15 October2018.
  5. ^https://www.nrk.no/norge/9--og-12-aringane-hennar-er-for-gamle-_-aleinemor-gar-glipp-av-15000-kronar-i-barnetrygd-1.16399457Archived6 May 2023 at theWayback Machine.NRK.no. Retrieved 2023-05-06
  6. ^"Sarpsborg kommune - Om Sarpsborg".www.sarpsborg.com(in Norwegian).Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2019.Retrieved10 December2021.
  7. ^"Vedtak om bruk av byvåpenet i den nye kommunen"(in Norwegian). Sarpsborg. Archived fromthe originalon 16 July 2011.Retrieved15 December2008.
  8. ^"Sarpsborg 1016-2016".Archivedfrom the original on 1 July 2017.Retrieved21 July2017.
  9. ^Thorsnæs, Geir (16 November 2021),"Sarpsborg",Store norske leksikon(in Norwegian Bokmål),archivedfrom the original on 18 January 2022,retrieved10 December2021
  10. ^"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population".ssb.no.Archivedfrom the original on 2 July 2015.Retrieved6 August2021.
  11. ^"Siste frostnatt om våren".4 May 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 6 March 2023.Retrieved25 December2022.
  12. ^"Første frostnatt".25 September 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2021.Retrieved25 December2022.
  13. ^"Seklima"(in Norwegian).Meteorologisk institutt.Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2021.Retrieved25 February2022.
  14. ^"yr.no/met.no".Archivedfrom the original on 23 April 2021.Retrieved23 April2021.
  15. ^"eklima portal".Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2021.Retrieved23 April2021.
  16. ^IMDb DatabaseArchived11 September 2020 at theWayback Machineretrieved 12 March 2021
  17. ^IMDb DatabaseArchived6 October 2022 at theWayback Machineretrieved 12 March 2021
  18. ^IMDb DatabaseArchived12 May 2022 at theWayback Machineretrieved 12 March 2021
  19. ^IMDb DatabaseArchived16 February 2017 at theWayback Machineretrieved 12 March 2021
  20. ^IMDb DatabaseArchived16 March 2021 at theWayback Machineretrieved 12 March 2021
  21. ^"Vennskapsbyer"(in Norwegian). Sarpsborg kommune. Archived fromthe originalon 14 February 2012.Retrieved15 December2008.
  22. ^"::Bethlehem Municipality::".www.bethlehem-city.org. Archived fromthe originalon 24 July 2010.Retrieved10 October2009.
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