Scots Army

Scots Army
*Scots Airmy*
Scots Army; Scots Airmy
	Royal Coat of arms of Scotland
Active	1660–1707
Country	Kingdom of Scotland
Allegiance	Scottish monarchy
Colours	Blue and White
Engagements	See list Covenanter Rebellion of 1679; Jacobite rising of 1689; Williamite War in Ireland; Nine Years' War; War of the Spanish Succession;
Commanders
General-in-Chief	See list George Monck,; (1660–1670); James Scott,; (1674–1679); John Churchill,; (1690–1691); Meinhardt Schomberg,; (1691); John Churchill; (1702–1707);

TheScots Army(Scots:Scots Airmy) was thearmyof theKingdom of Scotlandbetween theRestorationin 1660 and Union with theKingdom of Englandon 1 May 1707 following the 1706Treaty of Unionand theActs of Unionthat enacted it. A small standing army was established at the Restoration, which was mainly engaged in opposingCovenanterrebellions andguerrilla warfarepursued by theCameroniansin the East. There were also attempts to found a largermilitia.By theGlorious Revolutionin 1688–89 the standing army was over 3,500 men. Several new regiments were raised to defend the new regime and, although some were soon disbanded several took part inWilliam II's continental wars. By the time of the Act of Union in 1707, the army had seven units of infantry, two of horse and one troop ofHorse Guards.Early units wore grey, but adopted red like the English army after 1684. New Scottish and particularlyHighland regimentswould be raised from the 1740s, some of which had a long history within the army.

History

At theRestorationin 1660 thePrivy Council of Scotlandestablished a force of several infantry regiments and a few troops of horse to act as astanding army.These included a troop ofLife Guards,a second troop of which was raised in 1661, Lieutenant-generalWilliam Drummond's Regiment of Horse, five independent troops of horse, a regiment of Foot Guards, later known as theScots GuardsandLe Regiment de Douglas,formed and serving in France since 1633, which returned and eventually became theRoyal Regiment of Foot.^[1]^[2]There were also attempts to found a nationalmilitiaof 20,000 foot and 2,000 horse on theEnglish model.The standing army was mainly employed in the suppression ofCovenanterrebellions and the guerrilla war undertaken by theCameroniansin the East.^[3]In addition a "Foote Company of Highland Men" was raised^[2]and three troops of Scots Dragoons in 1678. Another three were added to makeThe Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoonsin 1681, by which point they were already mounted on grey horses that would give them their name of the Royal Scots Greys.^[4]On the eve of theGlorious Revolutionthe standing army in Scotland was about 3,000 men in various regiments and another 268 veterans in the major garrison towns, at an annual cost of about £80,000.^[5]

After the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 ten regiments were raised for the defense of the regime. Some were soon disbanded,^[6]but others served against Jacobite rebels, in Ireland and increasingly inWilliam II's continental wars, beginning with theNine Years' Warin Flanders (1689–97).^[7]Their role was of such importance that theScots ParliamentforcedQueen Anneto give royal assent to the controversial1704 Act of Securityby threatening to withdraw all Scottish forces back out of the Confederate armies.^[8]By the time of the Act of Union in 1707, the Kingdom of Scotland had a standing army of seven units of infantry, two of horse and one troop ofHorse Guards,besides varying levels of fortress artillery in the garrison castles of Edinburgh,Dumbarton,and Stirling.^[9]The newBritish Armycreated by the Act of Union incorporated the existing Scottish regiments and some units would have a long regimental history,^[3]while new Scottish regiments, particularly ofHighlanders,would be raised from the 1740s.^[10]

Uniforms

Early units were probably dressed in homespun woollen cloth ofhodden grey,which had been used during theWars of the Three Kingdomsin the 1640s. Dragoons continued to wear grey, but from 1684 red cloth was imported from England to make uniforms that matched those of theEnglish Army.The dragoons also eventually adopted red.^[11]Militia units may have been uniformed in blue. Units were differentiated by contrasting colours visible on the collars and cuffs on a regimental basis.^[12]

Regimental histories

The following is a list of regiments commissioned between 1660 and 1707.^[13]

Name/first colonel	Date commissioned	Other colonels/names	Date disbanded
Lt-General William Drummond's Horse	1660		?
1st Troop of Life Guards	1660	4th Troop of Horse Guards 1709	1746
2nd Troop of Life Guards	1661		1663
3rd Troop of Life Guards	1663–64		1676
Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoons	1694	Royal North British Dragoons 1707, 2nd Dragoons 1717, 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys) 1877	Amalgamated 1971
Royal Regiment of Foot	1633	His Majesty's Royal Regiment of Foot 1684, 1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot 1751
Marquis of Argyll's Royal Regiment	1642	Life Guard of Foot 1650, His Majesty's Foot Guards 1661, 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards 1714
Lt-General Thomas Dalyell's Foot	1666		1667
Sir William Lockhart's Foot	1672		1674
Sir George Munro's Foot	1674		1676
Earl of Mar's Foot	1677	Royal Scots Fusiliers 1695	Amalgamated 1959
Lord Douglas's Foot	1678		1679
John Wauchope's Foot	1688		1717
Lord Bargany's Foot	1689		1689
Lord Blantyre's Foot	1689		1689
Earl of Glencairn's Foot	1689		1689
Earl of Mar's Foot	1689		1689
Lord Strathnaver's 1st Foot	1689		1690
Grant's Foot	1689		1690
Laird of Grant's Foot	1689		1691
Viscount Kenmure's Foot	1689		1691
Earl of Argyll's Foot	1689	John Lord Lorne 1694	1698
John Hill's Foot	1689		1698
Richard Cunningham's Foot	1689		1698
Sir James Moncrief's Foot	1689	George Hamilton 1694	1714
Earl of Angus's Foot	1689	Cameronians, 26th Foot 1751	Amalgamated 1881
Lord Leven's Foot	1689	Semphill's Foot c. 1745, 25th Foot 1751, King's Own Borderers 1805	Amalgamated 2006
John Hill's Foot	1690		1698
William Douglas's 1st Foot	1694		?
William Douglas's 2nd Foot	1694		1697
Lord John Murray's Foot	1694	Earl of Tullibardine	1697
Lord Lindsay(later Lord Crawford)'s Foot	1694		1697
Robert Mackay's 1st Foot	?		?
Robert Mackay's 2nd Foot	?		1697
Lord Strathnaver's 2nd Foot	1698	John Lord Lorne 1702, John Marquis of Tullibardine	1717
Lord Strathnaver's 3rd Foot	1702		1713
Earl of Mar's Foot	1702	Alexander Grant 1706	1713
Lt-Col George MacCartney's Foot	1704		1713

References

^K. A. J. McLay, "The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution 1660–1702", in E. M. Spiers, J. A. Crang and M. J. Strickland, eds,A Military History of Scotland(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012),ISBN 0748633359,p. 14.
^^a ^bC. C. P. Lawson,A History of the Uniforms of the British Army Volume 1(P. Davies, 1967), p. 57.
^^a ^bE. M. Furgol, "Warfare, weapons and fortifications: 3 1600–1700" in M. Lynch, ed.,The Oxford Companion to Scottish History(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),ISBN 0-19-211696-7,pp. 637–8.
^C. Grant,The Royal Scots Greys(Botley: Osprey, 1972),ISBN 0850450594,pp. 1–3.
^J. Young, "Army: 1600–1750" in M. Lynch, ed.,The Oxford Companion to Scottish History(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),ISBN 0-19-211696-7,pp. 24–5.
^C. C. P. Lawson,A History of the Uniforms of the British Army Volume 1(P. Davies, 1967), p. 59.
^Leask, Anthony (2006).Sword of Scotland: Our Fighting Jocks.Pen and Sword Books Limited. p. 85.ISBN 184415405X.
^J. Panton,Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy(Scarecrow Press, 2011),ISBN 0810874970,p. 485.
^D. Grove, and C. Abraham,Fortress Scotland and the Jacobites(Batsford/Historic Scotland, 1995),ISBN 978-0-7134-7484-8,p. 38.
^A. Mackillop, "Highland Regiments 1750–1830" in M. Lynch, ed.,The Oxford Companion to Scottish History(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),ISBN 0-19-211696-7,pp. 25–6.
^J. Tincey,The British Army: 1660–1704(Botley: Osprey Publishing, 1994),ISBN 1855323818,p. 15.
^C. C. P. Lawson,A History of the Uniforms of the British Army Volume 1(P. Davies, 1967), pp. 57–8.
^C. C. P. Lawson,A History of the Uniforms of the British Army Volume 1(P. Davies, 1967), pp. 57–65.

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Scots Army

History

Uniforms

Regimental histories

See also

References

Further reading