September 1924

1924

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September 28, 1924: U.S. Army Lieutenants Smith, Arnold, Nelson and Harding return to Seattle, become the first persons to fly around the world

The following events occurred inSeptember 1924:

September 1, 1924 (Monday)

• TheDawes Plan,a restructuring of the payment ofreparationsowed by Germany to the victorious Allied Powers of World War I, went into effect, three days after it was approved by Germany.
• TheRussian All-Military Union,composed of remaining members of theWhite Russian Armythat had failed in its attempt to prevent the Communist "Red Army" from controlling Russia, was founded in Yugoslavia by GeneralPyotr Wrangelin the Serbian town ofSremski Karlovci.
• Joe Boyer,who had won the1924 Indianapolis 500in May, was fatally injured at the infamousAltoona SpeedwayinAltoona, Pennsylvania,after crashing through the rail while attempting to take the lead in the Altoona 250.A year before, the Altoona Speedway 250 race had claimed the life of 1919 Indianapolis winnerHowdy Wilcox.
• A hurricane that had stricken theVirgin Islandson August 28 eased, after having killed at least 80 people.
• The filmThe Side Show of Life,starringErnest Torrence,was released.
• Died:Lieutenant GeneralSamuel Baldwin Marks Young,84, the firstChief of Staff of the United States Army(1903 to 1904)

September 2, 1924 (Tuesday)

• Germanymade its first payment of 20 million gold marks under theDawes Plan.
• Rodolfo Chiariwon thepresidential electioninPanamawith 85 percent of the vote over GeneralManuel Quintero.
• The hitBroadwaymusicalRose-Marie,with music byRudolf FrimlandHerbert Stothart,and lyrics byOtto HarbachandOscar Hammerstein II,premiered at theWinter Garden Theatre,for the first of 557 performances.It would run inLondonfor 581 shows and in Paris for 1,250 performances.The play produced the best-selling song "Indian Love Call".
• It was reported from Moscow that a bomb had been found inLenin's Tombbut that a guard had found it before it could explode.
• Rube Foster,President of baseball's 8-teamNegro National League(NNL), announced that the first "Negro World Series"would be played in October between the NNL champion and the champion of the 6-teamEastern Colored Leaguein October.
• Born:
  • Daniel arap Moi,President of Kenya1978 to 2002; inSacho,British East Africa(d. 2020)
  • Ramón Valdés,Mexican comedian and film star; inMexico City(d. 1988)
  • Sidney Phillips,noted World War II veteran who provided information for theKen Burns2007 documentaryThe War;inMobile, Alabama(d. 2015)
  • Ramón Valdés,Mexican actor; inMexico City(d. 1988)

Indianapolis winners Dario Resta (1916) and Joe Boyer (1924)

• Died:Joe Boyer,34, American auto racer and winner of the1924 Indianapolis 500,died the day after his car crashed at the Altoona 250 race.

September 3, 1924 (Wednesday)

• TheTaif massacreof at least 300 civilians was carried out in the Kingdom of Hejaz at the city ofTaif,nearMecca,by troops of theIkhwan,sent by Sultan Ibn Saud of Nejd in the course of theSaudi conquest of Hejaz.
• The "Ruido de sables"(rattling of sabers) incident took place inChilewhen a group of 56 young military officers, led by ColonelMarmaduke Grove,loudly rattled their ceremonial sabers within their scabbards in a political protest after they were asked to leave the Chamber of Deputies, which was debating military benefits."Ruido de sables" became a metaphor in Spanish-speaking nations for a military conspiracy to plot a coup d'état. The event was part of the young officers' response to the Chamber's failure to enact the proposed reforms of PresidentArturo Alessandri.
• Chinese warlordQi Xieyuan(referred to in the Western press during his lifetime as Ch'i Hsieh-yuan), governor of theJiangsuprovince, went to war againstLu Yongxiang(Lu Yung-hsiang), military governor of theZhejiangprovince, beginning the Jiangzu-Zhejiang War within China.
• Born:Mary Grace Canfield,American actress, inRochester, New York(d. 2014)
• Died:
  • Dario Resta,42, Italian auto racer and winner of the1916 Indianapolis 500,was killed instantly at theBrooklandsracing circuit in England while trying to set a new land speed record. On the second lap, he suffered a blowout and crashed through a corrugated iron fence.
  • Adam Willis Wagnalls,80, American publisher and co-founder (withIsaac K. Funk) of theFunk & Wagnalls Company
  • Patrick Mahon,34, convicted English murderer, was hanged atWandsworth Prisonafter he was found guilty of themurder of Emily Kaye.

September 4, 1924 (Thursday)

• British Prime MinisterRamsay MacDonaldmade a frank speech to theLeague of NationsAssembly inGeneva,essentially ending further discussion on the proposed"Treaty of Mutual Guarantee"that would replace existing national armies with an international armed force.MacDonald said that history had demonstrated that military alliances were no guarantor of security, and that to provide security, Germany and Russia must be admitted to the League. He added, "If we cannot devise proper arbitration let us go back to competitive armaments and military pacts and prepare for the inevitable next war." As to representatives of small nations he said, "Pact or no pact, you will be invaded, devastated and crushed. You are certain to be the victims of the military age."
• Max Huberwas elected as the second president of thePermanent Court of International Justice,commonly called the "World Court" and an attachment to theLeague of Nations.
• Born:
  • Joan Aiken,English writer of children's fiction best known forThe Wolves of Willoughby Chase(in 1962) and its sequels, collectively known as the "Wolves Chronicles"; inRye, East Sussex(d. 2004)
  • Anita Snellman,Finnish painter; inHelsinki(d. 2006)
• Died:Constance Gordon-Cumming,87, Scottish travel writer and painter noted for her detailed accounts and illustrations from her world travels

September 5, 1924 (Friday)

• TheTrades Union CongressatHullin England voted to take industrial action to stop war if necessary.
• The three remaining planes of the Americanround-the-world flyers(Chicago,New OrleansandBoston II) and their two-member crews returned to U.S. airspace and landed nearBrunswick, Mainein a dense fog. To complete their journey, they were still required to return toSeattle.
• The same officers who had carried out the "ruido de sables"inChileon September 3, led by Colonel Marmaduke Grove, entered the office of President Arturo Alessandri and demanded that he dismiss his Interior Minister, as well as to have him pressure the Congtress to enact a labor code, a reformed income tax law, and the raising military salaries. Faced with his overthrow, President Alessandri complied with Grove's demands and appointed GeneralLuis Altamiranoas the new Minister of the Interior.
• Evgen Gvaladze,who had attempted an armed rebellion in the Georgian SSR, was arrested by Soviet authorities. Gvaladze was released in March as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners.
• Born:Paul Dietzel,American college football coach who led the1958 LSU Tigers football teamto an undefeated season and thenational championship,as determined by the AP and UPI polls; inFremont, Ohio(d. 2013)

September 6, 1924 (Saturday)

Miss Malcolmson

• The fourth annualMiss America Pageantwas held atAtlantic City, New Jerseyand won by Miss Philadelphia,Ruth Malcomson(1906—1988). The 1922 and 1923 winner,Mary Katherine Campbell(who had entered from Ohio as Miss Columbus), placed First Runner-Up. The pageant marked the last time that previous winners were eligible to enter the Miss America pageant.
• Chicago's newSoldier Field,referred to at the time as the Grant Park Stadium, held its first public event, admitting 45,000 paying customers to watch the two-day Police Athletic Games, a fundraiser for the Chicago Police Benevolent Association. Events included achariot raceand a game ofmotorcycle polo.
• John Dillingermade his first attempt at a major crime when he and a friend attempted to rob a grocery store inMooresville, Indiana.The two were shortly apprehended and sent to jail.
• Born:Babafemi Ogundipe,Nigerian military officer who briefly served as the acting head of government following the kidnapping and assassination of PresidentJohnson Aguiyi-Ironsi;inAgo-Iwoye,Protectorate of Nigeria(d. 1971)
• Died:Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria,56, former member of Austro-Hungarian royalty, daughter of the Emperor Franz Joseph I, known for renouncing all rights to the throne in order to marry a fellow Austrian,Archduke Franz Salvator,rather than a member of another dynasty, died oflymphoma.

September 7, 1924 (Sunday)

• Spanish dictatorMiguel Primo de Riveraissued a manifesto to the army appealing for an extension of his emergency powers, saying, "One year is too short a time to attempt to carry out the work which lay before the directorio when we assumed power."
• The filmDante's Infernowas released.
• Born:

Senator Inouye

• • Daniel Inouye,American politician of Japanese descent and Medal of Honor recipient for heroism in World War II; inHonolulu(d. 2012). Inouye was the first U.S. Representative for Hawaii (1959 to 1963 as the at-large Congressman), U.S. Senator (1963 to 2012), and President pro tempore of the Senate from 2010 to 2012.
  • Eugene R. Folk,American ophthalmologist and specialist in treatment ofstrabismus(d. 2003)
• Died:Georg von Hantelmann,25, German fighter pilot and ace with 25 shootdowns during World War I, was killed on his farm inPrussiaafter confronting trespassers.

September 8, 1924 (Monday)

• Theround-the-world flyerslanded atMitchel FieldonLong Island,New York.ThePrince of Waleswas among the crowd that greeted them.
• Born:
  • Mimi Parent,Canadian surrealist artist; inMontreal(d. 2005)
  • Wendell Ford,U.S. Senator for Kentucky for four terms (1974 to 1999), Democratic Party whip from 1991 to 1999, Governor from 1971 to 1974; inOwensboro, Kentucky(d. 2015)
• Died:Archduchess Helena of Austria,20, six days after her daughter's birth

September 9, 1924 (Tuesday)

• TheHanapepe massacre,a gun battle in the U.S. Territory ofHawaii,killed 20 people, most of them striking Filipino workers at the McBryde sugar plantation on the island ofKauai.After two strikebreakers were taken hostage by armed members of the Higher Wage Movement, Kauai County police intervened. When the fighting ended, four police officers and 16 plantation workers were dead. Afterward, 130 Filipino workers were arrested, 56 of whom received jail sentences, and many of whom were deported back to the Philippines.
• Combat troops from theUnited States,Great Britain, Japan and Italy were deployed inShanghaito protect their nations' interests as civil war appeared imminent in China.
• TheKohat Riots,three days of fighting betweenMuslimsagainst the minorityHindusandSikhs,began in the town ofKohatin theNorth-West Frontier ProvinceofBritish India(now theKhyber Pakhtunkhwaprovince ofPakistan). After the evacuation of most of the town's 8,000 Hindus and Sikhs toRawalpindi,12 Hindus were dead and 13 others missing, and 11 Muslims were confirmed to have been killed.
• TheLeague of Nationsbegan drafting a plan to take over the supervision of Germany's disarmament.
• PresidentCalvin Coolidgewaited for four hours in the rain to greet theround-the-world flyersatBolling Fieldin Washington, D.C.
• Born:
  • Jane Greer,American film and television actress known for thefilm noirOut of the Past(1947); inWashington, D.C.(d. 2001)
  • Russell M. Nelson,American religious leader, President ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintssince 2018; inSalt Lake City,Utah(alive in 2024)
  • Rik Van Steenbergen,Belgian cyclist, world champion in the road cycling in 1949, 1956 and 1957; inArendonk(d. 2003)
• Died:Hermine Hug-Hellmuth,53, Austrian child psychologist and psychoanalyst, was murdered by her nephew during a home invasion.

September 10, 1924 (Wednesday)

• TheLeopold and Loebtrial ended with a sentence of imprisonment for "life plus 99 years" for both Nathan F. Leopold Jr. and Richard Albert Loeb for the May 21 kidnapping and murder of Bobby Franks, instead of the death penalty the state had sought.Loeb would remain at the Illinois State Penitentiary inJoliet, Illinoisfor the rest of his life, serving a little more than 11 years until being killed by another inmate on January 28, 1936. Leopold lived 35 more years, dying of a diabetes-related heart attack on August 29, 1971.
• The football clubCúcuta Deportivowas founded inCúcuta,Colombia.
• Born:
  • Irwin Rosten,American documentary filmmaker known forThe Incredible Machine(1975); in Brooklyn, New York City; (d. 2010)
  • Ted Kluszewski,American baseball player, 1954 National League home run and RBI leader; inArgo, Illinois(d. 1988)
  • Boyd K. Packer,American Mormon church leader and President ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saintsfrom 2008 to 2015; inBrigham City, Utah(d. 2015). Packer was born the day after his successor, LDS PresidentRussell M. Nelson
  • Njini Ntuta,Zimbabwean Deputy Minister of Mining who was assassinated shortly after being dismissed by President Robert Mugabe; inTjolotjo,Southern Rhodesia(murdered, 1984)

September 11, 1924 (Thursday)

• Following the forced resignation of Chile's PresidentArturo Alessandri,the three-member "September Junta",led by GeneralLuis Altamirano,took over the administration of the South American republic, along with AdmiralFrancisco Nefand GeneralJuan Pablo Bennett.
• At the age of 11,Pengiran Ahmad Tajuddinbecame the newSultan of Brunei(at the time a British protectorate) upon the death of his father, the Sultan Jamalul Alam II.
• Born:
  • Tom Landry,American football player and coach known for being head coach of the NFL'sDallas Cowboysfor the first 18 seasons of its existence; inMission, Texas(d. 2000)
  • Rudolf Vrba,Slovak Holocaust survivor known for co-writing (withAlfréd Wetzler) the 1944Vrba–Wetzler reportthat provided the first detailed description of the Nazi atrocities in theAuschwitz concentration camp,inTopoľčany,Czechoslovakia(d. 2006)
  • Louisiane Saint Fleurant,Haitian artist; inPetit-Trou-de-Nippes(d. 2005)
• Died:Muhammad Jamalul Alam II,35,Sultan of Bruneisince 1906, died of malaria during an epidemic that claimed the lives of two of his children.

September 12, 1924 (Friday)

• Chilean PresidentArturo Alessandrifled toArgentina.
• In Italy,Armando Casalini,a Fascist Party member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, was assassinated by Communist activistGiovanni Corvito avenge the June 12 assassination of Socialist Party deputyGiacomo Matteotti.The shooting, combined with theJune 26 walkout of opposition deputies,would serve as a pretext for a Fascist position.
• TheNestorian rebellion,a second uprising by theAssyrian peoplein southeastern Turkey, began.

September 13, 1924 (Saturday)

• A6.8 magnitude earthquakekilled 60 people in and around the city ofPasinlerin northeasternTurkey.
• General of the ArmiesJohn J. Pershing,the last American military officer to achieve the rank of a six-star general, and the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army since 1921, retired from the United States Armyupon reaching the age of 64 (as required by Department of War regulations at the time) and was granted full pay and allowances for the rest of his life, as well as continued use of his office at theSWAN Buildingin Washington that served as the headquarters of the Department of State, the Department of War and the Department of the Navy. Pershing was succeeded as Army Chief of Staff by Major GeneralJohn L. Hines.
• French generalJean Degoutteallowed all functionaries and other public employees ousted or deported from theRuhrsincethe occupationbegan to return to work.
• The1924 International Lawn Tennis Challenge,now called theDavis Cup,which had started in May with challengers from 22 nations, finished with theUnited States(Bill Tilden defeatingAustraliain all five matches.
• Thehoaxof the "Tucson artifacts"beganas a family in the U.S. state ofArizonareported finding the first of 31 lead objects, including swords, crosses and ceremonial objects with dates written upon them in Roman numerals, corresponding to the years ranging from 47 A.D. to 157 A.D., with an inscription on one object that seemed to be evidence of settlers who had come to North America from the Roman Empire, founding a settlement called "Calalus".
• TheCourt Treatt Expeditionbegan inCape Town(inSouth Africa) as an attempt by British Army Major Court Treatt and his wife Stella to drive across Africa toCairo(inEgypt).
• Born:
  • Maurice Jarre,French composer known primarily for his creation of film scores for major motion pictures includingLawrence of Arabia(1962) andGhost(1990) winner of four Golden Globes and a Grammy Award; inLyon(d. 2009)
  • Douglas Gamley,Australian composer known for the film scores for Australian, British and American films includingTom Thumb(1958) andThe Land That Time Forgot(1974); inMelbourne(d. 1998)
  • Ruth Jean Baskerville Bowen,the first female African-Americantalent agent;inDanville, Virginia(d. 2009)
• Died:Bhupendra Nath Bose,65, Indian politician who served in theBengal Legislative Assemblyfrom 1904 to 1910, and later as President of theIndian National Congressduring the year 1914

September 14, 1924 (Sunday)

• Ahelicopterdesigned byÉtienne Oehmichenlifted a 400-pound cargo 1 meter and 10 centimeters off the ground, winning a prize offered by the French government.
• In thechampionship gameof the highest level of competition in theGaelic Athletic Associationin the sport ofhurling,the inter-county tournament,Galway GAAdefeatedLimerick GAA,7–3 to 4–5, equivalent to a 24 to 17 win based on three-point goals and single points for scores above the goal post.
• High Point Universityopened as High Point College. Located in the town ofHigh Point, North Carolina,the private Methodist college had an initial enrollment of 122 students, taught by nine faculty members.It would be redesignated as a university in 1991 upon offering a master's degree program.
• Thelost filmThe Alaskan,a Paramount studios movie starringThomas Meighan,Estelle TaylorandAnna Mae Wongpremiered in New York City. The production was filmed on location in the U.S.Territory of Alaska,and the Chinese-born Miss Wong played the role of anEskimo.
• Born:Davidson Nicol,Sierra Leone physician and diabetes researcher known for his discoveries in analyzing the breakdown of insulin in the human body, as wells as beingSierra Leone's first ambassador to the United Nations (1969 to 1971); inFreetown,Sierra Leone(d. 1994)

September 15, 1924 (Monday)

• TheSecond Zhili–Fengtian Warbegan in northeastern China between the Japanese-supported Manchurian forces led byZhang Zuolinin theFengtian Province(nowLiaoningprovince), attacking the city of Ch'in-Huang-Tao (Qinhuangdao) in theZhili province(nowHebeiprovince) led byWu Peifu.
• TheSaks Fifth Avenueluxury department store was opened byHorace SaksandBernard Gimbelat the newly completed Saks building at 611 Fifth Avenue.
• German astronomerFriedrich Simon Archenholdsaid that he saw what he believed to be an attempt by inhabitants ofMarsto contact Earth. "I cannot disclose everything I saw", Archenhold stated. "I am a scientist and I am not seeking newspaper sensations, but this much I will say – I was thunderstruck by what I saw. I could not believe my eyes. I thought perhaps my sons had climbed on the observatory roof and had planted something in the telescope, but it was not so. I am now going toJungfrau,Milan,and other observatories to discuss my findings with other scientists seeking an answer to the question of whether there is life on Mars. "
• The German government decided to postpone any attempt to join theLeague of Nationsuntil the next year.
• Theround-the-world flyersarrived inChicago,conducting a fly-over of the city escorted by a dozen army planes.
• Born:Bobby Short,cabaret singer and pianist, inDanville, Illinois(d. 2005)
• Died:Frank Chance,48, American baseball player immortalized (along withJoe TinkerandJohnny Evers) in the phrase "Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance" in theFranklin Pierce AdamspoemBaseball's Sad Lexicon",later an inductee in theBaseball Hall of Fame

September 16, 1924 (Tuesday)

• Jim Bottomleyof theSt. Louis Cardinalsset a new major league baseball record forRBIsin a single game with 12, during a 17–3 win over theBrooklyn Robins.The record was tied byMark Whitenin 1993 but has never been broken.

Lauren Bacall in 1945

• Born:
  • Lauren Bacall,American film, stage and television actress; known for the filmsThe Big Sleep(1946),Dark Passage(1947) andKey Largo(1948) as co-star withHumphrey Bogart,and later forThe Mirror Has Two Faces(1996), as well as for the stage musicalsApplause(1970) andWoman of the Year;inthe Bronx,New York(d. 2014)
  • Bhichai Rattakul,Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, 1983 to 1990 and 1997 to 2000, later the World President of the service clubRotary International,2002–2004; inBangkok,Kingdom of Siam(d. 2022)
• Died:Arabella Huntington,74, American philanthropist who was, in 1900, the wealthiest woman in the U.S. after the death of her husband

September 17, 1924 (Wednesday)

• Julian Byng,theGovernor-General of Canada,issued an order mandating the termination of theSix Nations Confederacy Councilof theIroquois,made up of the hereditary chiefs for theMohawk,Cayuga,Onondaga,Oneida,SenecaandTuscaroratribes within the Six NationsReservein the province ofOntario.Pursuant to Canada'sIndian Act,Viscount Byng directed that the Six Nations Council be replaced by an elective body.The decision came after the Iroquois Confederacy ChiefDeskahehhad attempted to bring concerns of the Six Nations to the attention of theLeague of Nations.
• Poland'sBorder Protection Corps(Korpus Ochrony Pograniczaor KOP) was created to protect the nation's eastern boundaries from potential invasion by the Soviet Union and from bandits crossing the border from the U.S.S.R, with six battalions and five regiments.
• In a ceremony, U.S. President Calvin Coolidge gave a signal from his desk in the White House to initiate the generation of power from theSkagit River Hydroelectric Project,in the U.S. state ofWashington.
• Prince Wolfgang of HessemarriedPrincess Marie Alexandra of Badenover the objections of Wolfgang's uncle, the former German KaiserWilhelm II.
• Born:Gerd Thoreid,Norwegian stand-up comedian who performed under her stage name of "GT-Sara" and who began her comedy career at the age of 50 and performed until age 90; inFurnes(d. 2020)
• Died:John Martin Schaeberle,71, German-born American astronomer known for his development of a camera to take photos of the Sun and its corona during solar eclipses, and for his discovery thatProcyonis actually part of abinary starsystem with a faint companion designated Procyon B

September 18, 1924 (Thursday)

• The U.S.military occupation of the Dominican Republiccame to an end after more than eight years.Since May 5, 1916, when the U.S. Marines had arrived to maintain order while the Caribbean nation's customs revenues were take control of by the American government in order for the Dominican Republic to pay its debts. Upon completing its withdrawal after three months, the U.S. Marines turned over police power to the Dominican Republic National Police Force.
• TheMahatma Gandhibegan a 21-day fast of despair over therecent riotsbetween Hindus and Muslims.
• At theRivoli TheaterinManhattan,audiences were first shown pre-recorded sound films of the major candidates in the 1924 U.S. presidential election, listening to addresses by Republican presidentCalvin Coolidge,Democratic candidateJohn W. DavisandProgressivecandidateRobert M. La Follette.
• Born:
  • Jean Lindenmann,Yugoslavia-born Swiss immunologist and co-discoverer (withAlick Isaacs) ofinterferon;inZagreb(d. 2015)
  • Neville Chittick,British archaeologist; inHove,East Sussex(d. 1984)
  • Bob C. Riley,U.S. politician who was the firstblindperson to serve as the governor of a U.S. state; inLittle Rock, Arkansas.From January 3 to January 12, 1974, Riley, who had lost his sight when he was wounded in World War II, and who been Lieutenant Governor since 1971, served asGovernor of Arkansasfor the remainder of the term ofDale Bumpers,who had resigned on January 3 to be sworn in as a U.S. Senator (d. 1994).
• Died:George Walker,English-born South African prospector who discovered the gold deposits ofWitwatersrandin 1886, but received no credit for his discovery, died in poverty at the age of 71.

September 19, 1924 (Friday)

• Alexander Krasnoshchyokov,Soviet Communist politician and the former party leader in theFar Eastern Republic,became the first prominent Bolshevik and ally of the lateVladimir Leninto be arrested by the government on order ofJoseph Stalin.Convicted on charges of corruption, Krasnoshchyokov would be released four months later and be allowed to rejoin the Soviet government in the autumn of 1925, though eventually losing favor again with Stalin and being executed in 1937.
• TheBukhara People's Soviet Republic,with a capital atBukhara,was established by Uzbek, Tajik and Russian Communists in what is nowUzbekistan,and applied to be admitted to the Soviet Union.It would exist for less than six weeks.
• Born:
  • Don Harron,Canadian comedian and actor, known for bringing his Canadian TV character Charlie Farquharson to the U.S. country music and comedy showHee Haw;inToronto(d. 2015)
  • Suchitra Mitra,Indian singer, in Gujhandi,Bengal ProvinceBritish India(now in the state ofBihar) (d. 2011)
• Died:
  • Alick Bannerman,70, Australian cricketer who played in 28 Test matches from 1879 to 1893
  • William Verner Longe,67, English painter known for his paintings of horses and horse racing

September 20, 1924 (Saturday)

• Asecret agreement was madeby theRepublic of Chinaand theSoviet Union,following up on an equally-secret protocol on March 14. The Chinese had made a bargain with the Soviets that all former conventions, treaties, protocols, contracts, and documents between the Soviet and China would be annulled until a conference could convene between the two nations.
• Chicago CubspitcherGrover Cleveland Alexanderwon the300th gameof his career, pitching all 12 innings of a 7–3 win over theNew York Giants.
• TheNuns of the Battlefieldmonument byJerome Connorwas dedicated in Washington, D.C.
• Born:
  • Akkineni Nageswara Rao,Indian actor who appeared in hundreds ofTelugu cinemafilms in a 75-year career; inRampuram,Madras Province,British India(now in Andhra Pradesh state) (d. 2014)
  • James Galanos,American fashion designer; inPhiladelphia(d. 2016)
  • Hermann Buhl,Austrian mountaineer noted for making the first ascents of 26,660 feet (8,130 m) highNanga Parbat(in 1953) and 26,414 feet (8,051 m)Broad Peak(in 1957); inInnsbruck(killed in climbing accident, 1957)
  • Vinod Kinariwala,Indian activist and martyr in the cause of independence; inAhmedabad,Bombay Province,British India(now inGujaratstate (shot and killed, 1942)

September 21, 1924 (Sunday)

• TheAutostrada,the world's firstdivided highway,opened to motor traffic in Italy. An improvement to existinglimited-access roads,theAutostradahad only one lane in each direction and no exits along its high-speed 42.6 kilometres (26.5 mi) route betweenMilanandVarese.
• In Sweden,three days of votingconcluded for the 230 seats of the lower house (andra kammares) of theRiksdag.TheSocial Democrat Workers Party(Socialdemokratiska arbetareparti), led by former Prime MinisterHjalmar Branting,increased its plurality to 104 seats, still 12 short of a majority.
• Spanish Army Lieutenant ColonelFrancisco Franco,angry with the plans of Prime MinisterMiguel Primo de Riverato pull back troops fighting theRif WarinMorocco,approached GeneralGonzalo Queipo de Llanoand proposed that he lead a coup d'état to overthrow the premier.The General declined the suggestion, and Franco postponed his plans to lead a right-wing revolution against the Spanish government.
• U.S. PresidentCalvin Coolidgecondemnedsocialismin a speech inWashingtonmade during the closing exercises of a convention of theSociety of the Holy Name."Socialism and communism cannot be reconciled with the principles which our institutions represent", Coolidge said in a statement interpreted as a criticism of rival presidential candidateRobert M. La Follette."They are entirely foreign, entirely un-American. We stand wholly committed to the policy that what the individual produces belongs entirely to him to be used to the benefit of himself, to provide for his own family and to enable him to serve his fellow man."
• The action filmRoaring Rails,starringHarry Carey,was released.
• The rugby union clubFC Barcelona Rugbywas formed in Spain.

September 22, 1924 (Monday)

• TheWoolworths Groupof Australia (unrelated to theF. W. Woolworth Companychain offive-and-dimestores in the U.S. and the UK), owner of theWoolworths Supermarketsgrocery store chain and theBig Wdepartment stores, was founded inSydneyby five entrepreneurs.
• The sinking of the American freighterSSCliftoninLake Hurondrowned all 26 of its crew.The ship had departedSturgeon Bay, Wisconsin,the day before with a cargo of crushed stone, bound forDetroit.Its wreckage would be found more than 90 years later in2016.
• In an unprecedentedthree-cushion billiardsmatch between the world champions ofbalkline(Willie Hoppe) andstraight pool(Ralph Greenleaf), both of the U.S., Hoppe won, 600 to 527.
• InVienna,the first public performance was made of "Piano Concerto for the Left Hand",written byErich Wolfgang Korngold.Austrian pianistPaul Wittgenstein,who had lost his left arm during World War I, commissioned the writing of the three-section piece and gave its first public performance.
• The 19-storyRoosevelt Hotelopened in 45 East 45th Street inManhattan.Located nearGrand Central Stationhad 1,025 rooms, as well as services such as child care, a kennel, and an in-house physician.
• Born:
  • Rosamunde Pilcher,Cornish British novelist known for her bestsellerThe Shell Seekers;she also wrote under the pen name Jane Fraser; inLelant,Cornwall(d. 2019)
  • Gerald Schoenfeld,U.S. theater owner and chairman of theShubert Organizationand its 17 Broadway theaters; in New York City (d. 2008)
  • Norvel Lee,African-American light heavyweight boxer andTuskegee Airman,and 1952 Olympic gold medalist; inEagle Rock, Virginia(d. 1992)
  • Charles Keeping,English illustrator and author; inLambeth,London (d. 1988)
• Died:SirMaung Khin,52, the first native-born judge of the Chief Court of Lower Burma, and the first Burmese citizen to be knighted by the British monarchy.

September 23, 1924 (Tuesday)

• Voting was held in Denmarkfor 28 of the 76 seats of theLandstinget,the upper house of the nation's parliament, theRigsdag.WhileVenstreretained a plurality (31 seats) after the vote, and theSocialdemokratietof Prime MinisterThorvald Stauningwere in second place, Stauning's party retained control of the lower house, theFolketing,for which elections had been held for on April 11.
• The German cabinet announced its decision to work towards entering theLeague of Nationsas "a great power having equal rights with other great powers."
• Born:
  • Fereydoon Hoveyda,the last ambassador to the United Nations for the Kingdom of Iran; inDamascus,Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon(d. 2006)
  • Aroti Dutt,Indian social worker and women's rights advocate who served as president of theAssociated Country Women of the Worldorganization from 1965 to 1971; inCalcutta(d.2003)

September 24, 1924 (Wednesday)

• The Indian civil rights organizationSamata Sainik Dalwas founded byB. R. Ambedkarwith a mission of "safeguarding the rights of all oppressed sections of Indian society."
• The Tamil language newspaperTamil Nesanpublished its first issue.Aimed at ethnic Indians in British Malaya, and later for Malaysia,Tamil Nesanwas notable for its duration. It would continue for more than 74 years before ceasing publication in 2019.
• SculptorGutzon Borglumarrived in the U.S. state of South Dakota at the invitation ofDoane Robinsonto carry out plans to carve a statue of four American presidents in the state'sBlack Hills.Borglum's first choice of sites was the 150 feet (46 m) tall granite pillars known asThe Needles,but soon decided that the eroding, fragile rock formation could not support carving.After considering, and rejecting,Black Elk Peak,Borglum would eventually settle onMount Rushmore.
• Dazzy Vanceof theBrooklyn Robinsbecame only the sixth pitcher in major-league history to throw animmaculate inning,striking out all three batters on nine total pitches in the third inning of a 6–5 win over theChicago Cubs.
• The experimental short filmBallet Mécanique,directed byFernand LégerandDudley Murphywith a musical score byGeorge Antheil,premiered inVienna.
• Born:Nina Bocharova,Soviet/Ukrainian gymnast (d. 2020)

September 25, 1924 (Thursday)

• English motoristMalcolm Campbellset a new land speed record atPendine SandsinWaleswith a speed of 146.16 mph (235.22 km/h) in aSunbeam 350HP.
• The five-story tallLeifeng PagodaatHangzhouinChinacollapsed suddenly, almost 950 years after its completion in the year975.In1999,building of an identicalpagodaon the ruins of the old one would begin, opening on October 25, 2002.
• Born:A. B. Bardhan(Arhendu Bhushan Bardhan), Indian trade union leader and former General Secretary of theCommunist Party of India(1996 to 2012); inBarisal,Bengal Presidency,British India(nowBangladesh) (d. 2016)
• Died:Lotta Crabtree(Charlotte Mignon Crabtree), 76, popular American stage actress, comedian and philanthropist, later profiled in the 1951 filmGolden Girl

September 26, 1924 (Friday)

• TheDelhinewspaperHindustan Times,the second-highest circulatingEnglish languagenewspaper inIndiaand the first to be owned by an Indian family, published its first issue.The paper was founded by independence activistSunder Singh Lyallpuri,a leader of theAkali movement.
• Flooding killed 30 people inLeningrad.
• Spanish Army GeneralJoaquín Milans del Bosch,the formerCaptain General of Cataloniaby was appointed as the Civil Governor ofBarcelonaby Prime MinisterMiguel Primo de Rivera,and began a campaign against theCatalan ethnic groupwithinCatalonia.
• Born:
  • Jean Hoerni,Swiss-born electrical engineer who helped in the development of thetransistor,and co-founded theFairchild Semiconductorcompany; inGeneva(d. 1997)
  • Ozzie Cadena,American record producer; inOklahoma City, Oklahoma(d. 2008)
• Died:
  • Andrew Preston,78, American businessman and fruit seller who co-founded theBoston Fruit Companyand later theUnited Fruit Company,and popularized thebananain the United States
  • Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long,70, British politician who served asSecretary of State for the Colonies1916–1919, andFirst Lord of the Admiralty1919 to 1921

September 27, 1924 (Saturday)

• As China's Fengtiang province was on the verge of losing theZhili–Fengtian Warthat Fengtian's leaderZhang Zuolinhad started on September 15, GovernorZheng Shiqiof theAnhuiprovince telegraphed China's PresidentCao Kunfor aid. Cao Kun sent 250,000 troops to Manchuria to resist the Fengtian troops, although the additional aid failed to prevent the Fengtian takeover.
• British Prime MinisterRamsay MacDonaldtold a gathering inDerbythat his government had secured many valuable concessions in its treaties with the Soviet Union and if theHouse of Commonsfailed to ratify them, he would send the country to another general election.
• Essendon FC(2-0-0) played againstRichmond Tigers(1-0-1) in thefinal championship series of a round robin tournamentbetween the fourVictorian Football Leaguefinalists (Essendon, Richmond,Fitzroy MaroonsandSouth Melbourne FC). Despite losing to Richmond, 73 to 86, Essendon won the championship of the tournament. While both teams had finished with records of 2 wins and 1 loss (for 8 points in the standings, based on four for a win and one for a tie), and Richmond had beaten Essendon, the winner was declared based on the ratio of points for against points against. In its first two games, Essendon had scored 130 against 57 for the opposition, while Richmond had 141 against 133. To gain the crown, Richmond would have had to score 66 points more than Essendon in their match. While the tournament winner would normally have played the Grand Final against the team that ended the regular season in first place, Essendon had finished first, so no grand final was played.
• TheNew York Giantsclinched theNational Leaguepennant with a 5–1 win over thePhiladelphia Phillies.
• The auto racing team of driverKenelm Lee Guinnessandriding mechanicTom Barrettcrashed at theSan Sebastián Grand Prixin Spain. Barrett was killed, and Guinness was seriously injured and would never return to racing.

September 28, 1924 (Sunday)

• The four remaining American aviators in theround-the-world flight expeditioncompleted their journey by landing atSand PointinSeattlein the airplanesChicago(with pilotLowell H. Smithand co-pilot Leslie P. Arnold) andNew Orleans(with pilot Erik H. Nelson and co-pilot John Harding Jr), all four of whom were U.S. Army lieutenants.Four planes (with 8 total crew) had departed from Sand Point on April 6. Including stops for rest and maintenance, the trip took 175 days and covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km). Time 363 hours and 7 minutes.
• TheCecil B. DeMille-directed filmFeet of Claywas released.
• TheNestorian rebellionended.

September 29, 1924 (Monday)

• ThePolitis–Kalfov Protocolwas signed at theLeague of NationsinGenevafollowing theTarlis incidentof July 27, when 17 Bulgarian peasants were killed by a Greek soldier. Greece's ambassador to the League,Nikolaos Politis,and Bulgaria's Foreign MinisterHristo Kalkov,signed the protocol, with Greece agreeing to protect itsBulgarian-Greek minorityand even to sponsor schools for Bulgarian-Greek students. The Greek Parliament, however, never ratified the treaty.
• TheDominican Republicwas admitted to theLeague of Nations.
• TheWashington Senatorsclinched their firstAmerican Leaguepennant in franchise history with a 4–2 win over theBoston Red Sox.
• Italy's Fascist PremierBenito Mussoliniannounced plans to build the world's highest skyscraper in Rome. Italian architectMario Palantiproposed a 1,500-foot (460 m) high pyramidal structure with 4,500 rooms, featuring a concert hall and a huge gymnasium for the training of Olympic athletes.

September 30, 1924 (Tuesday)

• TheAllied Powersrelaxed controls on theGerman Navyin light of improved international relations.
• TheLeague of Nationsappointed a commission to look into theMosul Question.
• The German romance filmComedy of the Heartwas released.
• Born:
  • Truman Capote,writer known forBreakfast at Tiffany's(1958) andIn Cold Blood(1966); inNew Orleans,Louisiana(d. 1984)
  • Syed Hassan,Indian educator and humanitarian, founder of the INSAN schools; inJehanabad,Bengal Province,British India(now in the state ofBihar) (d. 2016)