Shingle weaver

"Shingler" redirects here. For the community in the United States, seeShingler, Georgia.

View of shingle weaver Floyd W. Williams clipping shingles - Lester Shingle Mill, Sweet Home, Linn County, Oregon.

A shingle weaver "weaving" shingles into bundles.

Ashingle weaver(US) orshingler(UK) is an employee of a wood products mill who engages in the creation of woodenroofing shinglesor the closely related product known as "shakes."In thePacific Northwestregion of the United States, historically the leading producer of this product, such shingles are generally made ofWestern Red Cedar,an aromatic and disease-resistant wood indigenous to the area. The use of the term "weaver" for a shingle maker related to the way in which the workers fitted the shingles together in bundles but the meaning has extended to anyone who works in a shingle mill.

Historical overview

Early manufacturing process

During the late 19th and early 20th Century, the production of wooden roofing shingles was an extremely dangerous process in which the shingle weaver hand-fed pieces of raw wood onto an automatedsaw.Despite the danger of the profession, the industry was a large one throughoutWashingtonandOregon,and by 1893Washington statealone had 150 mills which convertedWestern Red Cedarinto shingles and shakes for the roofing and siding of American homes.

The craft of shingle making demanded a high skill level and considerable manual dexterity.An alternate origin for the name "weaver" is that it was this nimble motion of the hands of thesawyersaround the spinning blades of their saws that provided the origin of the term for the maker of shingles — the woodworkers being likened to skilled operators oflooms.

Sunsetmagazine described the job of the shingle weavers for its readers:

"The saw on his left sets the pace. If the singing blade rips 50 rough shingles off the block every minute, the sawyer must reach over to its teeth 50 times in 60 seconds; if the automatic carriage feeds the odorous wood 60 times into the hungry teeth, 60 times he must reach over, turn the shingle, trim its edge on the gleaming saw in front of him, cut the narrow strip containing theknothole with two quick movements of his right hand, and toss the completed board down the chute to the packers, meanwhile keeping eyes and ears open for the sound that asks him to feed a new block into the untiring teeth. Hour after hour the shingle weaver's hands and arms, plain, unarmored flesh and blood, are staked against the screeching steel that cares not what it severs. Hour after hour the steel sings its crescendo note as it bites into the wood, the sawdust cloud thickens, the wet sponge under the sawyer's nose fills with fine particles.

"If 'cedar asthma,' the shingle weaver'soccupational disease,does not get him, the steel will. Sooner or later he reaches over a little too far, the whirling blade tosses drops of deep red into the air, and a finger, a hand, or part of an arm comes sliding down the slick chute. "

Unionization efforts

The first attempt to unionize shingle weavers came inMichiganin 1886. This union lasted only a few years, due in large measure to the industry moving westward to the new state of Washington, which entered the United States as the 42nd state in November 1889.

In the Pacific Northwest, shingle weavers began tounionizeas early as 1890, when the shingle weavers of thePuget Soundarea of Western Washington banded together to establish the West Coast Shingle Weavers’ Union.In short order, locals of the union were established inBallard,Tacoma,Snohomish,Arlington,Chehalis,andSedro-Woolley.This first foray intocraft unionismproved to be short-lived, however, as an ill-timed strike crushed by an economic downturn in 1893 effectively put an end to the organizing effort.

In 1901 a more successful attempt at unionization of the shingle makers' trade was made with the establishment of theInternational Shingle Weavers of America.

In January 1903 a newspaper calledThe Shingle Weaverwas established in Ballard as the official journal of the new union. The paper later moved toEverett, Washingtonand finally toSeattleduring the course of its decade of publication before changing its name toThe Timber Workerin February 1913.

In 1915, a wage cut for shingle weavers in the mills of Everett, Washington began a process of events which led to a strike the following year by the union theIndustrial Workers of the Worldand its suppression by force and violence. On November 5, 1916, events culminated in a pitched gun battle known to history as the "Everett massacre,"in which 5 strikers and 2 so-called" citizen deputies "were killed and approximately 45 others wounded.

Further reading

• Elwood R. Maunder,Western Red Cedar: The Shingle Weaver's Story: An Interview with Harold M. Stilson, Sr.Santa Cruz, CA: Forest History Society, 1975.