Shimoga
Shimoga | |
|---|---|
| Shivamogga | |
    Images, from top down, left right Indian lion in the Tyavarekoppa Tiger and Lion Reserve Statue of Keladi Shivappa Nayaka Sculpture of Mahishasura Mardhini Shivappa Nayaka palace | |
  Shimoga  Shimoga | |
| Coordinates:13°56′N75°34′E/ 13.933°N 75.567°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Shimoga |
| Region | Malenadu |
| Government | |
| • Type | City Corporation |
| • Body | Shivamogga Mahanagara Palike |
| Area | |
| •City | 70.01 km2(27.03 sq mi) |
| • Rural | 1,037.29 km2(400.50 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 569 m (1,867 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| •City | 322,650 |
| • Rank | 10th (Karnataka) |
| • Density | 4,600/km2(12,000/sq mi) |
| •Rural | 184,674 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 577201 - 577205 |
| Telephone code | 91-(0)8182-XXXXXX |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
| Vehicle registration | KA-14 |
| Climate | Aw |
| Website | shivamoggacitycorp |
Shimoga,officiallyShivamogga,[3]is a city and the district headquarters ofShimoga districtin the central part of the state ofKarnataka,India. The city lies on the banks of theTunga River.Being the gateway for the hilly region of theWestern Ghats,the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway ofMalnad".[4]The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census.[2]The city has been selected for the Smart Cities project, standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.[5]
The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capitalBangaloreand 195 km from the port cityMangalore.[6]
History[edit]
The name of the city is derived from the termshivmoga.A version of the etymology is the story thatShivadrank theTunga Riverhence the name "Shiva-Mukha" which means the "face of Shiva". Another version of the etymology is that the name is derived from the termSihi-Mogge,meaning "sweet pot".[7]
The district formed the southern tip of the EmperorAshoka'sMauryanEmpire in the third century BC.[citation needed]It was ruled during later centuries by theKadambas(4th century),Chalukyas(6th century),Western Ganga,Rashtrakutas(8th century),Hoysalas(11th century), and theVijayanagararulers (15th century).Nayakas of Keladi,also known asNayakas of BednoreandIkkeri Nayakas,were anIndiandynastybased inKeladiin present-dayShimoga districtofKarnataka,India.They were an important ruling dynasty inlate medieval and early modern Karnataka.They initially ruled as a vassal of the famousVijayanagar Empire.After the fall of the empire in 1565, they gained independence and ruled significant parts ofMalnadregion of theWestern Ghatsin present-day Karnataka, most areas in thecoastal regions of Karnataka,and parts of northernKerala,Malabarand the central plains along theTungabhadrariver. In 1763 AD, with their defeat toHyder Ali,they were absorbed into theKingdom of Mysore.[8]
During theSatyagrahamovement,Mahatma Gandhialso visited the place to instigate the fight for national freedom.[6]After the independence ofIndiain 1947, the Mysore state merged into the Republic of India.
On 1 November 2006, the government of Karnataka announced the renaming of Shimoga to "Shivamogga", along with nine other cities in the state. The central government approved (12 cities) the request in the October 2014 and the city was renamed on 1 November 2014.[9][10][11][12]
Geography[edit]
According to the Shimoga City Municipal Corporation,[13]the city has a total area of about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi). As per the Smart City Proposal, of the total city area (around 70.01 km2), 11.28% area is under OS & green belts while 7% is under water cover.[14]Most/all these hills are part of theWestern Ghats,a region known for plentiful rainfall and lush greenery and declared during 2012 as aWorld Heritagesite.Tunga Riverflows through Shimoga. The river is the major source of drinking water in the city and the city gets its drinking water through the Tunga dam (also known as Gajanuru dam).[15]
Climate[edit]
The climate is tropical wet and dry (Köppen climate classification) summer average temperature 20–35 °C (68–95 °F). This means that the winter and the early part of summer are typically dry periods. The majority of the rainfall occurs between June and early October. Shimoga is a part of a region known asMalnad(land of hills) in Karnataka. The average annual rainfall of the city is 731.1mm.[16]January and February are the driest months, July the wettest, and April is the warmest month with an average high temperature of 35.5 degrees Celsius (95.9 degrees F). Coldest months of Shimoga are July, August, November and December with average high temperature of 27 degrees Celsius (80.6 degrees F).[16]In summer (April–May), temperature crosses 36 °C at Shimoga.[17]
| Climate data for Shimoga (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
38.8 (101.8) |
41.4 (106.5) |
39.7 (103.5) |
44.0 (111.2) |
40.0 (104.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.0 (95.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
44.0 (111.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.4 (97.5) |
34.9 (94.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.2 (0.01) |
0.3 (0.01) |
5.9 (0.23) |
34.8 (1.37) |
41.1 (1.62) |
109.0 (4.29) |
158.2 (6.23) |
129.0 (5.08) |
70.8 (2.79) |
140.4 (5.53) |
30.4 (1.20) |
11.2 (0.44) |
731.1 (28.78) |
| Average rainy days | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 8.4 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 53.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 17:30IST) | 42 | 40 | 36 | 43 | 53 | 74 | 78 | 79 | 73 | 69 | 59 | 48 | 58 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[18][19] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit]
As of2011 Indian Census,Shimoga had a total population of 322,650, of which 162,018 were males and 160,632 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 32,691. The total number of literates in Shimoga was 254,531, which constituted 78.9% of the population with male literacy of 81.4% and female literacy of 76.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Shimoga was 87.8%, of which male literacy rate was 90.8% and female literacy rate was 84.8%. TheScheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribespopulation was 40,737 and 9,192 respectively. Shimoga had 76,009 households in 2011.[2]
Kannadais the most widely spoken language in Shimoga. 72.76% of people areHindusand 23.93% areMuslims,with rest beingBuddhists,Christiansand others.[20]
Kannadais the majority language, spoken by 53.47% of the population.Urduis the second-largest language, whileTamil,Telugu,Hindi,MarathiandKonkaniare also spoken.[21]
Government and politics[edit]
Civic administration[edit]
 | This section needs to beupdated.The reason given is: Apparently this section needs updating. Updates require current references, not edited existing..(August 2022) |
Shimoga is governed by a Municipal Corporation called the Shivamogga City Corporation. The total area under it is 70.01 km2(27.03 sq mi), with a population of 322,650 (Census 2011).[22]Shimoga has been selected under the Smart Cities Mission of the Indian Government under Round 2 of selections.[23]Shimoga was upgraded to a Municipal Corporation from a Municipal Council in 2013.[24]
Economy[edit]
APMC of Shimoga is main marketing point of arecanut, the major commercial crop grown in the district and well as in neighbouring districts like Uttara Kannada. Shimoga has the biggestareca nutmarket, and known for procuring high quality areca nuts. Other agricultural produces like rice, Maize, chili, coconut etc. are also marketed in APMC.
Shimoga IT Park is an information technology hub built just outside Shimoga near the upcomingShimoga Airport.The IT Park consists of a 100000 sq ft office building with 24/7 electrical capacity, diesel backup generators, and high speed T1 data connections for use by IT industries such as data centres, call centres, aerospace, robotics, etc.[25]
Transportation[edit]
Road[edit]
Shimoga is well connected by road to major cities likeBangalore,Mysore,Mangalore,Hubli,Davangere,bellary.Two major National Highways pass through the city.NH69andNH169
Rail[edit]
The city has two railway stations, main one being Shivamogga Town Railway Station, and there are trains that run to and from Bangalore,Mysore,TirupatiandChennai.
Air[edit]
Shimoga Airportis situated near Sogane, 13 km south of Shimoga. This is the first airport which is being operated by Karnataka State Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited as a wholly owned and undertaking of Government of Karnataka and not handed over to Airport Authority of India.[26][27]The nearest international airports areKempegowda International AirportandMangalore International Airport.
Education[edit]
| This section needs to beupdated.The reason given is: Apparently this section needs updating. Updates require current references.(December 2023) |
Shimoga is one of the important centers for the high school and the pre-university education inKarnataka.Notable institutes in Shimoga for high school isJnanadeepa schooland for pre-university (PU) education include: Sri Aurobindo PU College and PACE PU College and PES college in outskirts of city.
The village ofGajanurhosts aJawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya(central school) which is aboarding school.Kuvempu Universityis located in Shankarghatta, at a distance of 20 km from Shimoga.
Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciencesis the medical sciences college at Shimoga and managed by Government Departments. Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences is located at Purale.[28]It also has two engineering colleges,Jawaharlal Nehru National College of EngineeringandPES Institute of Technology and Management.Also Rastriya Raksha University, Shivamogga Campus is opened in Ragigudda near Navule
Notable people[edit]
- U. R. Ananthamurthy,Jnanapeetha awardee
- Sarekoppa Bangarappa,former Chief Minister of Karnataka
- K. S. Eshwarappa,a politician and former Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka
- Adarsh Iyengara singer and musician
- Mathur Krishnamurthy,Kannada language writer
- Kuvempu,a National poet, Jnanapeetha winner
- P Lankesh
- Kadidal Manjappa,3rdChief Minister of Karnataka
- Shekhar Naik,a former captain of the Indian blind cricket team
- D. H. Shankaramurthy,Former Chairman of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly
- Khadi Shankarappa,a freedom fighter
- Abhilash Shetty,a film director in Kannada film industry
- Shimoga Subbanna,a playback singer
- Sudeep,an actor and director in Indian cinema
- Archana Udupa,Indian playback singer
- B. S. Yediyurappa,19thChief Minister of Karnataka
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"About Our District - Shivamogga".District Urban Development Cell, Shivamogga - Official Website of Directorate of Municipal Administration.Retrieved24 November2023.
- ^abcd"Census of India: Shimoga".www.censusindia.gov.in.Retrieved5 December2019.
- ^"Bangalore becomes 'Bengaluru'; 11 other cities renamed".The Economic Times.PTI. 1 November 2014.Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^"85 per cent unused funds leaves Shivamogga scruffy".The New Indian Express.6 May 2018.Retrieved23 February2021.
- ^"Push to complete Smart City project works on time".The Hindu.24 November 2020.Retrieved12 February2021.
- ^ab"Shimoga | Shivamogga | Sightseeing Shimoga | Wildlife Shimoga".Karnataka.com.18 August 2016.Retrieved10 April2020.
- ^"History of Shivamogga".Shivamogga District.National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. Archived fromthe originalon 4 August 2020.Retrieved8 December2020.
- ^Buchanan, Francis; Hamilton, Francis (1988).A journey from Madras through the... – Google Books.Asian Educational Services.ISBN9788120603868.Retrieved17 September2011.
- ^"Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November".International Business Times.18 October 2014.Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^K. Jeevan Chinnappa (18 October 2014)."Centre nod for Karnataka's proposal on renaming cities".The Hindu.Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^"It's Bengaluru for Pranab".The Times of India.7 July 2009.Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^Nagesh Prabhu."New name for cities".The Hindu.Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^"Shimoga Municipal corporation".Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^City, Smart (28 February 2023)."SmartCityProposal_KA-03-SMG"(PDF).Smartnet.Retrieved28 February2023.
- ^Chronicle, Deccan (2 July 2019)."Inflow of Tunga river in Karnataka rises after heavy rainfall in Western Ghats".Deccan Chronicle.Retrieved28 February2023.
- ^ab"Shimoga, India - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast".Weather Atlas.Retrieved10 April2020.
- ^"Shimoga weather".World Weather Online.Retrieved18 July2018.
- ^ "Station: Shimoga Climatological Table 1981–2010"(PDF).Climatological Normals 1981–2010.India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 705–706. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 February 2020.Retrieved19 April2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)"(PDF).India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M103. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 February 2020.Retrieved19 April2020.
- ^ab"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2011.
- ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Town): Karnataka".www.censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^"Shivamogga City Corporation".shivamoggacitycorp.org.Retrieved10 April2020.
- ^"City Wise Projects under Smart Cities Mission:: SMART CITIES MISSION, Government of India".smartcities.gov.in.Retrieved10 April2020.
- ^"Tumkur, Shimoga and Bijapur cities to be upgraded as Municipal Corporations".The Hindu.2 September 2013.Retrieved10 April2020.
- ^Veerendra, P. M. (26 May 2014)."Two years on, Shimoga Information Technology Park awaits entrepreneurs".The Hindu.ISSN0971-751X.
- ^"Shivamogga on aviation map as PM to inaugurate airport today".The New Indian Express.27 February 2023.Retrieved28 February2023.
- ^"Airport at Shimoga likely to come up at Sogane".The Hindu.8 April 2006.ISSN0971-751X.
- ^"Contact Us".Subbaiah Institute of Medical Science.Retrieved18 July2018.
External links[edit]
