Siuslaw language
Siuslaw | |
---|---|
Lower Umpqua | |
Šáayušƛa/Qúuiič | |
Pronunciation | /saɪˈjuːslɔː/ |
Native to | United States |
Region | Oregon |
Ethnicity | Siuslaw people |
Extinct | 1960[1] |
Coast Oregon Penutian?
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | sis |
Glottolog | sius1254 |
ELP | Siuslaw |
Pre-contact distribution of Siuslaw | |
Siuslaw is classified as Extinct by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger [2] |
Siuslaw/saɪˈjuːslɔː/[3]was the language of theSiuslaw peopleand Lower Umpqua (Kuitsh) people of Oregon. It is also known asLower Umpqua[a].The Siuslaw language had two dialects: Siuslaw proper (Šaayušƛa) and Lower Umpqua (Quuiič).[4]
Classification[edit]
Siuslaw is currently considered to be alanguage isolate.[5]It may be part of aCoast Oregon Penutianfamily together withAlseaand theCoosan languages,although the validity of this family is still controversial. Proponents of the disputedPenutianphylum usually include Siuslaw as part of it, together with the other Coast Oregon Penutian languages.[6]
Documentation[edit]
Published sources are byLeo J. Frachtenbergwho collected data from a non-English-speaking native speaker of the Lower Umpqua dialect and herAlseanhusband (who spoke it as a second language) during three months of fieldwork in 1911,[7][4][8]and by Dell Hymes who worked with four Siuslaw speakers in 1954.[9]
Further archived documentation consists of a 12-page vocabulary byJames Owen Dorsey,[10]a wordlist of approximately 150 words taken by Melville Jacobs in 1935 in work with Lower Umpqua speaker Hank Johnson,[11]an audio recording of Siuslaw speaker Spencer Scott from 1941, hundreds of pages of notes from John Peabody Harrington in 1942 based on interviews with several native speakers,[12]and audio recordings of vocabulary byMorris Swadeshin 1953.
Phonology[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
Affricate | ts | tɬ | tʃ | |||
Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | h | |
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Cluster of stops/affricates + glottal stop are realized asejective consonants:[pʼ,tʼ,tɬʼ,tsʼ,tʃʼ,kʼ].
Vowels[edit]
Vowels are noted as /i æ a u ə o/.[9]
Notes[edit]
- ^Upper Umpqua(or simplyUmpqua) was anAthabaskan languageand thus unrelated to Siuslaw/Lower Umpqua.
References[edit]
- ^Grant, A.P. (1997)."Coast Oregon Penutian: Problems and Possibilities".International Journal of American Linguistics.63(1): 144–156.doi:10.1086/466316.S2CID143822361.Retrieved7 February2021.
- ^Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger(Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
- ^"Frequently Asked Questions".United States Forest Service.RetrievedMay 12,2020.
- ^abFrachtenberg, Leo Joachim; Franz Boas; Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology (1917).Siuslawan (Lower Umpqua): an illustrative sketch.Govt. Printing Office.Retrieved28 August2012.
- ^Campbell, Lyle (January 2019)."How many Language Families are there in the world?".International Journal of Basque Linguistics and Philology.1(2): 133–152.doi:10.1387/asju.20195.hdl:10810/49565.Retrieved2021-02-24.
- ^Grant, A. (1997).Coast Oregon Penutian: Problems and Possibilities.International Journal of American Linguistics, 63(1), 144-156.
- ^Frachtenberg, Leo. (1914).Lower Umpqua texts and notes on the Kusan dialect.InColumbia University contributions to Anthropology(Vol. 4, pp. 151–150).
- ^Frachtenberg, Leo. (1922). Siuslawan (Lower Umpqua). InHandbook of American Indian languages(Vol. 2, pp. 431–629).
- ^abHymes, Dell. (1966).Some points of Siuslaw phonology.International Journal of American Linguistics,32,328-342.
- ^Dorsey, James Owen. (1884). [Siuslaw vocabulary, with sketch map showing villages, and incomplete key giving village names October 27, 1884]. Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.[1]
- ^Melville Jacobs papers, 1918-1978, University of Washington Special Collections, Seattle WA.
- ^Harrington, John P. 1942. "Alsea, SIuslaw, Coos, Southwest Oregon Athapaskan: Vocabularies, Linguistic Notes, Ethnographic and Historical Notes." John Peabody Harrington Papers, Alaska/Northwest Coast. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.