Alauda
(Redirected fromSkylark)
| Alauda | |
|---|---|
| |
| Eurasian skylark(Alauda arvensis) | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Alauda Linnaeus,1758 |
| Type species | |
| Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Species | |
|
see text | |
Alaudais agenusoflarksfound across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, and one of the species (theRaso lark)endemicto the islet ofRasoin theCape Verde Islands.[1]Further, at least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The current genus name is from Latinalauda,"lark".Pliny the Elderthought the word was originally of Celtic origin.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The genusAlaudawas introduced by the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeusin 1758 in thetenth editionof hisSystema Naturae.[3]Thetype specieswas subsequently designated as theEurasian skylark.[4]
The genusAlaudahas four extant and at least two extinct species. Formerly, many other species have also been considered to belong to the genus.
Extant species
[edit]The genus contains four species:[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Alauda leucoptera | White-winged lark | southern Ukraine through Kazakhstan to south-central Russia |
 |
Alauda razae | Raso lark | Raso islet in the Cape Verde Islands |
 |
Alauda gulgula | Oriental skylark | southern, central and eastern Asia |
|
Alauda arvensis | Eurasian skylark | across Europe and Asia |
Extinct species
[edit]- †Alauda xerarvensis(late Pliocene ofVarshets,Bulgaria)[5]
- †Alauda tivadari(late Miocene of Polgardi, Hungary)[6]
Former species
[edit]Previously, some authorities also classified the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genusAlauda:
- Greater hoopoe-lark (desertorum)(asAlauda desertorum)[7]
- Gray's lark(asAlauda grayi)[8]
- Short-clawed lark(asAlauda chuana)[9]
- Cape long-billed lark(asAlauda curvirostris)[10]
- Dusky lark(asAlauda nigricans)[11]
- Rufous-rumped lark(asAlauda erythropygia)[12]
- Desert lark(asAlauda deserti)[13]
- Middle East desert lark(asAlauda isabellina)[14]
- Bar-tailed lark (arenicolor)(asAlauda arenicolor)[15]
- Senegal chestnut-backed finch-lark(asAlauda melanocephala)[16]
- Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark(asAlauda grisea)[17]
- Congo Sabota lark(asAlauda plebeja)[18]
- Bradfield's lark(asAlauda naevia)[19]
- Pink-breasted lark(asAlauda poecilosterna)[20]
- Karoo lark(asAlauda albescens)[21]
- Karoo lark (codea)(asAlauda codea)[22]
- Karoo lark (guttata)(asAlauda guttata)[23]
- Dune lark(asAlauda erythrochlamys)[24]
- Eastern clapper lark(asAlauda fasciolata)[25]
- Cape clapper lark(asAlauda apiata)[26]
- Woodlark(asAlauda arborea)[27]
- Botha's lark(asAlauda fringillaris)[28]
- Pink-billed lark(asAlauda conirostris)[29]
- Sykes's lark(asAlauda Deva)[30]
- Large-billed lark(asA. magnirostris)[31]
- Crested lark(asAlauda cristata)[32]
- Senegal crested lark(asAlauda senegallensis)[33]
- Crested lark (leautungensis)(asAlauda leautungensis)[34]
- Indian crested lark(asAlauda Chendoola)[35]
- Malabar lark(asAlauda malabarica)[36]
- Horned lark(asAlauda alpestris)[37]
- Mexican horned lark(asAlauda chrysolaema)[38]
- Shore lark(asAlauda flava)[39]
- Southern horned lark(asAlauda Penicillata)[40]
- Temminck's lark(asAlauda bilopha)[41]
- Mongolian short-toed lark(asAlauda Dukhunensis)[42]
- Red-capped lark(asAlauda cinerea)[43]
- Red-capped lark (spleniata)(asAlauda spleniata)[44]
- Greater short-toed lark(asAlauda brachydactila)[45]
- Steppe greater short-toed lark(asAlauda longipennis)[46]
- Bimaculated lark(asAlauda bimaculata)[47]
- Calandra lark(asAlauda calandra)[48]
- Black lark(asAlauda yeltoniensis)[49]
- Mongolian lark(asAlauda mongolica)[50]
- Dupont's lark(asAlauda Duponti)[51]
- Mediterranean short-toed lark(asAlauda rufescens)[52]
- Sand lark(asAlauda raytal)[53]
References
[edit]- ^abGill, Frank;Donsker, David, eds. (2018)."Nicators, reedling, larks".World Bird List Version 8.2.International Ornithologists' Union.Retrieved15 July2018.
- ^Jobling, James A (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names.London: Christopher Helm. p.37.ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^Linnaeus, Carl(1758).Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 165.
- ^Mayr, Ernst;Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960).Check-list of Birds of the World.Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 65.
- ^Boev, Z. 2012. Neogene Larks (Aves: Alaudidae (Vigors, 1825)) from Bulgaria - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 64 (3), 2012: 295-318.
- ^Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
- ^"Alaemon alaudipes desertorum - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-21.
- ^"Ammomanopsis grayi - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-21.
- ^"Certhilauda chuana - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-17.
- ^"Certhilauda curvirostris - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-18.
- ^"Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-17.
- ^"Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-11.
- ^"Ammomanes deserti - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-18.
- ^"Ammomanes deserti isabellina - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Ammomanes cinctura arenicolor - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Eremopterix leucotis melanocephalus - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Eremopterix griseus - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-18.
- ^"Calendulauda sabota plebeja - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Calendulauda naevia - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-17.
- ^"Calendulauda albescens - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-18.
- ^"Calendulauda albescens codea - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Calendulauda albescens guttata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-19.
- ^"Mirafra fasciolata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-22.
- ^"Mirafra apiata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Lullula arborea - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-11-30.
- ^"Spizocorys fringillaris - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-04.
- ^"Spizocorys conirostris - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-04.
- ^"Galerida deva - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-18.
- ^"Galerida magnirostris - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-07.
- ^"Galerida cristata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-08.
- ^"Galerida cristata senegallensis - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Galerida cristata leautungensis - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Galerida cristata chendoola - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-18.
- ^"Galerida malabarica - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-08.
- ^"Eremophila alpestris - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-18.
- ^"Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-18.
- ^"Eremophila alpestris flava - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-18.
- ^"Eremophila alpestris penicillata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-18.
- ^"Eremophila bilopha - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-11.
- ^"Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-12.
- ^"Calandrella cinerea - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-12.
- ^"Calandrella cinerea spleniata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Calandrella brachydactyla - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-13.
- ^"Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Melanocorypha bimaculata - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-17.
- ^"Melanocorypha calandra - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-15.
- ^"Melanocorypha yeltoniensis - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-15.
- ^"Melanocorypha mongolica - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-15.
- ^"Chersophilus duponti - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-16.
- ^"Alaudala rufescens - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-20.
- ^"Alaudala raytal - Avibase".avibase.bsc-eoc.org.Retrieved2016-12-20.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toAlauda.
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