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Daybreak Game Company

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Daybreak Game Company LLC
Formerly
  • Sony Online Entertainment Inc.
  • (1997–2006)
  • Sony Online Entertainment LLC
  • (2006–2015)
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
FoundedDecember 17, 1997;26 years ago(1997-12-17)
Headquarters
San Diego,California
,
U.S.
Key people
ProductsMassively multiplayer online games
Parent
Subsidiaries
  • Darkpaw Games
  • Dimensional Ink Games
  • Cold Iron Studios
  • Rogue Planet Games
  • Singularity 6
Websitedaybreakgames.com

Daybreak Game Company LLCis an Americanvideo game developerbased inSan Diego.The company was founded in December 1997 asSony Online Entertainment,a subsidiary ofSony Computer Entertainment,but was spun off to an independent investor in February 2015 and renamed Daybreak Game Company. On December 1, 2020, Daybreak Game Company entered into an agreement to be acquired byEnad Global 7.[1][2]

They are known for owning, maintaining, and creating additional content for the gamesEverQuest,EverQuest II,The Matrix Online,PlanetSide,Star Wars Galaxies,Clone Wars Adventures,Free Realms,Vanguard: Saga of Heroes,DC Universe Online,PlanetSide 2,H1Z1: Just Survive,andH1Z1: King of the Kill,along with more recent acquisitionsDungeons & Dragons Online,Magic: The Gathering Online,The Lord of the Rings Online,andPalia.[3][4]

History

[edit]

Sony Online Entertainment Inc. (1997–2005)

[edit]
Former Sony Online Entertainment logo

Sony Online Entertainment began withSony Interactive Studios America(SISA), an internal game development studio of Sony, formed by 1995. In 1996,John Smedleywas put in charge of SISA's development of an onlinerole-playing video game.The game would evolve into the MMORPGEverQuest.Smedley hired programmersBrad McQuaidand Steve Clover, who had come to Smedley's attention through their work on the single-player role-playing gameWarwizard.

Former Sony Online Entertainment headquarters in San Diego

In April 1998, Sony Online Entertainment (SOE) was formed by merging parts of Sony Online Ventures withSony Pictures Entertainment.Within a matter of months after this change, Sony Interactive Studios America was renamed989 Studios.Towards the end of 1998, 989 Studios shifted its strategy to makingPlayStationgames. The company's video game and online development branch spun off; John Smedley, Brad McQuaid and Russell Shanks, as well as 55 other ex-989 employees, founded RedEye Interactive, later renamed Verant Interactive.[5]

Verant Interactive launchedEverQueston March 16, 1999, through Sony with modest expectations. The game became successful. Sales continued rising at a steady rate until mid-2001 when growth slowed. As of 2004,Sony reported subscription numbers close to 450,000. In March 2000, Verant releasedEverQuest: The Ruins of Kunark,the first in a long list ofexpansion packsforEverQuest.

In April 2000, Verant hired formerUltima OnlinedevelopersRaph Kosterand Rich Vogel. They formed an office in Austin, Texas, to developStar Wars GalaxiesforLucasArts.SOE acquired Verant in June 2000, and eventually promoted Brad McQuaid to be its Chief Creative Officer.[6]In October 2001, McQuaid resigned and foundedSigil Games Online,drawing many of the original developers ofEverQuestfrom SOE.

Developed by Sony Online Entertainment, LucasArts releasedStar Wars Galaxiesin 2003, which saw rapid growth, as expected.Bruce Woodcockestimates thatStar Wars Galaxiesreached nearly 300,000 subscribers within the year, before trailing off. LucasArts has released three expansions forStar Wars Galaxies,Jump to Lightspeedin October 2004,Rage of the Wookieesin May 2005, andTrials Of Obi-Wanin November 2005.

In 2003, the company also explored relatively untouched MMOG territory with themassively multiplayer online first-person shooterPlanetSideand thePlayStation 2MMORPGEverQuest Online Adventures.PlanetSideenjoyed a reasonably successful launch, however it never attracted wide popularity. SOE released two expansions forPlanetSide,a retail product titledCore Combat,andAftershock,a free expansion.EverQuest Online Adventureswas not as successful, but it spawned an expansion,EverQuest Online Adventures Frontiers.The game was shut down on March 29, 2012, after nine years of operation.

EverQuest IIwas released on November 9, 2004. The sequel was set hundreds of years after the original. Similar in strategy toEverQuest,SOE has released several adventure packs and expansion packs forEverQuest II,starting withThe Bloodline Chroniclesin March 2005.

In January 2005, Sony Online Entertainment announced the creation of Station Publishing, a new label for distributing titles made by external developers. It was renamed Platform Publishing some time later, publishing titles such asFrantixandGripShift.[7]In November 2005, SOE added the New Game Enhancements toStar Wars Galaxies,changing many of the game's core mechanics. This upset players and critics, with the level of concurrent players reduced to around 10,000; relatively few for the MMO industry.[8][9]

SOE has produced numerousEverQuestexpansions and spin-off video games, includingChampions of Norrath(for PlayStation 2) andLords of EverQuest(Windows). They publishedChampions: Return to Arms,the sequel toChampions of Norrath,in February 2005. In August 2005, SOE entered a deal withWarner Bros. Entertainmentwhich saw the acquisition and transition ofThe Matrix Onlineto the existing line up of SOE games.

Sony Online Entertainment LLC (2006–2015)

[edit]
Promotion ofEverQuest IIandUntold Legends: Dark Kingdomat theE32006

In April 2006, Sony Online Entertainment, Inc. became Sony Online Entertainment LLC, owned bySony Pictures DigitalandSony Computer Entertainment America.In May 2006, it was announced that SOE would be co-publisher ofVanguard: Saga of Heroes.However, Sigil retained full development rights, and SOE's role was only that of marketing, distribution, technical support, and hosting the game servers. SOE also announced the release ofField Commander,its third game for thePlayStation PortableSystem. In August 2006, SOE announced the acquisition of developer Worlds Apart Productions, renaming the studio SOE-Denver. The studio has since released an online version of theWizKidspirates constructible strategy game. In November 2006, SOE released its firstPlayStation 3titleUntold Legends: Dark Kingdom,within the launch window of the PlayStation 3 system. SOE also releasedPirates Online Constructible Strategy Game,the online version of theWizKidsPirates Constructible Strategy Game.

In January 2007, SOE announced that it has licensed rights from Midway Home Entertainment to develop and release six classic Midway games for PlayStation 3 download, includingMortal Kombat II,Gauntlet II,Joust,Rampage World Tour,Rampart,andChampionship Sprint.The games were available from thePlayStation Store.On May 15, 2007, Sony Online Entertainment announced that they had completed a transaction to purchase key assets from Sigil Games Online, includingVanguard: Saga of Heroes(described as Sigil's "tentpole property" ).

On March 13, 2008, Sony Online Entertainment announced thatSony Computer Entertainmentwill have direct control over SOE.

On January 16, 2009, the company joinedSteam,sellingEverQuest,EverQuest IIandVanguard: Saga of Heroesvia Steam. On the same day, the company purchasedPox Nora,an online turn-based strategy game. On August 1, 2009, SOE shut downThe Matrix Onlineafter 4 years of operation. Players were treated to about 2 months of gaming despite some initial setbacks that left many veteran players unable to access the game for about a week after the announcement was made. A memory book was developed and was made available for download on the game's site.

As of May 2010,John Smedleywas the CEO of Sony Online Entertainment. SOE is headquartered inSan Diego,California,with additional game development studios located in Austin, Texas, Denver, Colorado and Seattle, Washington. On July 15, 2010, SOE eliminated 35 full-time positions and an undisclosed number of temporary positions to "...better align the company's resources..."[10]On August 8, 2010, SOE announced thatEverQuest Nextwas in the early stages of development.

On January 7, 2011, SOE andFastpoint Gamesannounced the alpha launch of theFacebookgameFortune League.Fortune Leagueintegrates real-time performance data such as damages, deaths and healings directly from the massively multiplayer online game environment and uses them to form "Hero Stats" that drive the game. Therefore, player actions insideEverQuest IIaffected what happened in Fortune League, and prizes from Fortune League helped users advance in theEverQuest IIenvironment. Fastpoint Games CEO,Kelly Perdew,positioned Fortune League as a new category of "snackable" data-driven games that would help MMO franchises acquire users and tap new revenue streams.[11][12]On February 1, 2011, SOE unveiled new PlayStation Network games to be released throughout the year. These includedAcceleration of Suguri X Edition,Akimi Village,Plants vs. Zombies,Rochard,SidewayandSlam Bolt Scrappers.[13]On March 31, 2011, SOE confirmed that "it will eliminate 205 positions and close its Denver, Seattle, and Tucson studios." Production ofThe Agencywas also discontinued.[14]

On December 6, 2011,EverQuest IIswitched to afree-to-playmodel, with optional subscriptions.[15]On December 15, 2011,Star Wars Galaxieswas closed.[16]SOE maintained a Memory Book[17]for former players.

Data breach

[edit]
Main article:2011 PlayStation Network outage

On April 27, 2011, Sony, the parent company of SOE, released statements regarding an intrusion, on or about April 18, into the PlayStation Network, and the potential theft of up to 77 million subscribers' personal data. Sony maintains that PSN and SOE are hosted and run on completely separate subsystems and that the PlayStation Network intrusion had no major effect on SOE's online services.[18][19]SOE developers posted messages of concern and apology, but also assurances the SOE servers and systems were not compromised.

On May 2, 2011, SOE interrupted their online services. Players were told "We have had to take the SOE service down temporarily. In the course of our investigation into the intrusion into our systems, we have discovered an issue that warrants enough concern for us to take the service down effective immediately. We will provide an update later today (Monday)."[20]Later, SOE disclosed that "personal information from approximately 24.6 million SOE accounts may have been stolen", including names, addresses, telephone numbers, email addresses, gender, date of birth, login ID, and hashed passwords.[21][22]

Daybreak Game Company (2015–present)

[edit]

On February 2, 2015, Sony announced that SOE had been sold to investment companyColumbus Novafor an undisclosed amount and that it would be renamed Daybreak Game Company. Cutting its ties with Sony, Daybreak subsequently became able to develop their games for platforms other thanPlayStation,includingXboxand mobile platforms.[23]On February 11, employees of the company reported they were undergoing layoffs, including several senior developers and project managers. Shortly after, Daybreak responded by announcing the layoffs were intended to make the company profitable, but did not detail the extent of the layoffs or whether it would affect the development and support of their new and existing games.[24]On July 22, 2015, Daybreak announced that John Smedley had stepped down as the company's President, and that Russell Shanks, the company's former COO, will take up his position.[25]On August 21, 2015, Smedley left Daybreak to found a new company.[26]In October 2016, Russell Shanks left Daybreak.[27]

On December 19, 2016, it was announced that Daybreak games would become the new publisher ofThe Lord of the Rings OnlineandDungeons & Dragons Online,taking over the role fromWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment.However, the two games would maintain their old account system and server centers, not integrating with the rest of Daybreak.[28]The result of this deal would cause the closure ofAsheron's CallandAsheron's Call 2: Fallen Kingson January 31, 2017.[29]

In April 2018,Viktor Vekselberg,a Russian businessman and owner of portfolio companyRenova Group,was sanctioned by theUnited States Department of the Treasuryas part of an investigation onRussian interference in the 2016 United States elections.[30]Columbus Nova had previously identified itself as an affiliate of Renova Group, while Renova Group had listed Columbus Nova as part of its corporate structure.[31]Subsequently, it was believed that Columbus Nova, and consequently Daybreak, had also been affected by these sanctions. Daybreak subsequently began to deny that it had been sold to Columbus Nova, stating that the company had actually been acquired by Jason Epstein through his company Inception Acquisitions, LLC instead. At the time of the acquisition, Epstein had been a partner to Columbus Nova, though he left that company in 2017. A Daybreak spokesperson claimed that Epstein's exact ties to Columbus Nova had caused confusion in media reporting of the sale, even though its deleted press release made the same claim.[32][33][34][35]Columbus Nova also stated that it had never been owned by Renova Group, though Renova Group had been their largest client.[36]

In September 2018, holding companyNantWorksannounced its strategic investment in Daybreak, and the resulting new venture in which the company will bring popular Daybreak games (includingEverQuestandH1Z1) to mobile platforms.[37]Three rounds of layoffs occurred between April 2018 and October 2019; the December rounds was estimated to have affected around 70 people.[38][39]These layoffs were towards "a realignment of the company into separate franchise teams, which will allow us to highlight their expertise, better showcase the games they work on, and ultimately provide tailored experiences for our players."[40]

Following from the October 2019 round of layoffs, Daybreak announced in January 2020 that it would reorganize its internal structure to form three divisions: Dimensional Ink Games, Darkpaw Games, and Rogue Planet Games. Dimensional Ink became responsible for ongoing maintenance ofDC Universe Onlinewhile working on a new MMO, Darkpaw to focus on theEverQuestfranchise, and Rogue Planet to focus onPlanetSide 2.[40]

In August 2020, it was announced that Daybreak would acquire Cold Iron Studios which was developing a PC and console game set in theAlienuniverse at the time.[41]However, the deal never went through and the subsequent purchase of Daybreak by Enad Global 7 did not include Cold Iron Studios.

In December 1, 2020, it was reported that Daybreak Game Company would be acquired byEnad Global 7for $300 million.[42]The transaction was completed on December 22.[43]

In December 2021, it was reported that Daybreak Game Company would be taking over development ofMagic: The Gathering Onlinein 2022.[44]The transition to Daybreak Games servers was completed on October 18, 2022.[45]

In February 2024, "less than 15" employees were laid off from teams supporting Everquest, Dungeons & Dragons Online, DC Universe Online, and Lord of the Rings Online.[46]

On July 1, 2024, Daybreak Game Company announced its acquisition ofPaliadeveloper Singularity 6.[47][48]

Station.com

[edit]

Sony Online Entertainment'sStation.comwas a portal to its PC, console, casual and mobile games. Players could access and download games such asEverQuest,EverQuest IIandPlanetSide.Station.com also provided sneak previews to new games for Sony PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, includingUntold Legends: Dark Kingdom.[49]November 2006. In August 2006, Station.com added several games by Sony Pictures Digital Entertainment.

ForgeLight engine

[edit]
Main article:ForgeLight

The ForgeLight engine is agame enginedeveloped by the company, and used forFree Realms,Clone Wars Adventures,PlanetSide 2,Landmark,EverQuest Next,Just Survive,andH1Z1.[50]The engine is able to support up to 2,000 players on a singlegame serverand allows over 200 players to be rendered by a game client at once.[51]

Games

[edit]
Title Release date Platform(s) Status Notes
Tanarus November 30, 1997 Windows Closed 2010-06-10
EverQuest March 16, 1999 Windows Active Co-developed with989 Studios
Infantry October 1999 Windows Closed 2012-03-29 Developed by Harmless eGames LLC
Cosmic Rift April 17, 2001 Windows Closed 2012-03-29 Developed by Jeff Petersen
EverQuest Online Adventures February 11, 2003 PlayStation 2 Closed 2012-03-29
PlanetSide May 20, 2003 Windows Closed 2016-07-01
Star Wars Galaxies June 26, 2003 Windows Closed 2011-12-15 Published byLucasArts.Closed after licensing with LucasArts ceased.
EverQuest Online Adventures: Frontiers November 17, 2003 PlayStation 2 Closed 2012-03-29
Star Chamber: The Harbinger Saga November 2003 Windows Closed 2012-03-29 Developed by Nayantara Studios
Lords of EverQuest December 12, 2003 Windows — Developed by Rapid Eye Entertainment
Champions of Norrath February 10, 2004 PlayStation 2 — Developed bySnowblind Studios
EverQuest II November 8, 2004 Windows Active
Champions: Return to Arms February 7, 2005 PlayStation 2 — Developed bySnowblind Studios
Untold Legends: Brotherhood of the Blade March 22, 2005 PSP —
The Matrix Online August 9, 2005 Windows Closed 2009-07-31 Originally released onMarch 22, 2005byMonolith Productions.Acquired by SOE onAugust 9, 2005.
Untold Legends: The Warrior's Code March 28, 2006 PSP —
Field Commander May 23, 2006 PSP —
PoxNora August 1, 2006 Windows Closed 2014-03-06 Co-developed by Octopi Media Design Lab and Desert Owl Games. Now run by Desert Owl Games.
Cash Guns Chaos November 17, 2006 PlayStation 3 —
Untold Legends: Dark Kingdom November 19, 2006 PlayStation 3 —
Vanguard: Saga of Heroes January 30, 2007 Windows Closed 2014-07-31 Co-Published withSigil Games
Legends of Norrath May 9, 2007 Windows Closed 2016-08-17
God of War: Betrayal June 20, 2007 Java Platform, Micro Edition — Co-developed withJavagroundand published bySony Pictures Digital
Pirates of the Burning Sea January 22, 2008 Windows Active Originally developed by Flying Lab Software. Now run by Portalus.
Jeopardy! September 11, 2008 PlayStation 3 —
Bejeweled 2 January 29, 2009 PlayStation 3,PSP — Handled the port withPopCap Games.ReleasedJune 28, 2010for PSP.
Zuma February 19, 2009 PlayStation 3,PSP — Handled the port withPopCap Games;rereleased in 2012 byElectronic Arts.ReleasedAugust 24, 2010for PSP.
Wheel of Fortune March 19, 2009 PlayStation 3 —
Free Realms April 28, 2009 Windows,PlayStation 3 Closed 2014-03-31 ReleasedMarch 29, 2011[52]for PS3
Heavy Weapon June 11, 2009 PlayStation 3 Active Handled the port withPopCap Games
PeggleandPeggle Nights November 19, 2009 PlayStation 3,PSP Active Handled the port withPopCap Games.ReleasedNovember 16, 2010for PSP.
Feeding Frenzy 2: Shipwreck Showdown March 11, 2010 PlayStation 3 — Handled the port withPopCap Games;rereleased in 2012 byElectronic Arts.
Groovin' Blocks March 18, 2010 PlayStation 3,PSP — Handled the port withEmpty Clip Studios.ReleasedJuly 13, 2010for PSP.
Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures September 15, 2010 Windows Closed 2014-03-31
Fortune League January 7, 2011 Facebook Closed 2011-07-11 Developed withFastpoint Games
DC Universe Online January 11, 2011 Windows,PlayStation 3(discontinued),PlayStation 4,Xbox One,Nintendo Switch Active Developed by Dimensional Ink Games
Magic: The Gathering – Tactics January 18, 2011 Windows,PlayStation 3 Closed 2014-03-28
Plants vs. Zombies February 8, 2011 PlayStation 3,PlayStation Vita — Handled the port withPopCap Games.ReleasedFebruary 21, 2012for PS Vita.
Payday: The Heist October 4, 2011 Windows,PlayStation 3 — Developed with Overkill Software
Bullet Run July 31, 2012 Windows Closed 2013-03-08 Developed by ACONY
PlanetSide 2 November 20, 2012 Windows,PlayStation 4 Active Development had been paused to work onPlanetside Arena.WithArena's cancellation,PS2has returned to active development with the "Escalation" update on March 11, 2020.
Dragon's Prophet September 23, 2013 Windows Closed 2015-11-16 Developed byRunewaker Entertainment
Just Survive January 15, 2015(early access) Windows Closed 2018-10-24 Was formerly the original game concept sold in early access, known simply asH1Z1,until it was split into two separate projects in February 2016. Was renamed asJust Survivein October 2017. Closed in October 2018.
Landmark June 10, 2016 Windows[53][54] Closed 2017-02-21 Was in parallel development withEverQuest Next
Z1 Battle Royale February 28, 2018 Windows,PlayStation 4 Active Formerly known asKing of the KillandH1Z1.
EverQuest Next Canceled Windows,PlayStation 4[55] Canceled Canceled on March 11, 2016[56]
PlanetSide Arena Canceled Windows,PlayStation 4,Xbox One[57] Canceled Canceled on December 13, 2019, with servers shut down on January 10, 2020.[58][59]

References

[edit]
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[edit]
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