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Soumitra Chatterjee

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Soumitra Chatterjee
LHPB
Born
Soumitra Chattopadhyay

(1935-01-19)19 January 1935
Calcutta,British India
Died15 November 2020(2020-11-15)(aged 85)
Kolkata,West Bengal,India[1]
NationalityIndian
Alma materUniversity of Calcutta
Occupation(s)Actor, poet, writer, playwright, theatre director
Years active1959–2020
WorksFilmography
Spouse
Deepa Chatterjee
​
(m.1960)​
Children2
AwardsPadma Bhushan(2004)
Dadasaheb Phalke Award(2012)
Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur or Commander ofLegion of Honour(2018)
Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award - South(1994)

SoumitraChatterjee(also spelt asChattopadhyay;19 January 1935 – 15 November 2020)[2]was anIndian filmactor, play-director, playwright, writer, thespian and poet. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema. He is best known for his collaborations with directorSatyajit Ray,with whom he worked in fourteen films.

Starting with his debut film,Apur Sansar(The Family of Apu, 1959), the third part ofThe Apu Trilogy,as adultApu,he went on to work in several films with Ray, includingAbhijan(The Expedition, 1962),Charulata(1964),Kapurush(1965),Aranyer Din Ratri(Days and Nights in the Forest, 1969),Ashani Sanket(Distant Thunder, 1973),Sonar Kella(The Fortress of Gold, 1974) andJoi Baba Felunath(The Elephant God, 1978) asFeluda,Hirak Rajar Deshe(1980),Ghare Baire(The Home and The World, 1984),Shakha Proshakha(1990) andGanashatru(Enemy of the People, 1989).

He also worked with other noted directors ofBengali cinema,such asMrinal SeninAkash Kusum(Up in the Clouds, 1965);Tapan SinhainKshudhita Pashan(Hungry Stones, 1960),Jhinder Bandi(1961);Asit SeninSwaralipi(1961),Ajoy KarinParineeta(1969), andTarun MazumdarinGanadevata(1978). He acted in more than 210 films in his career. He also received critical acclaim for his directorial debutStree Ki Patra(1986) which was based on theBengalishort storyStreer PatrabyRabindranath[3]

Soumitra was the recipient of multiple honours and awards. Soumitra was the first Indian film personality who was conferred with France's highest award for artists 'Commandeur'of,Ordre des Arts et des Lettres(1999). He was also awarded thePadma Bhushan(2004) and France's highest civilian award Commandeur de la Légion d' Honneur (Commander ofLegion of Honour) (2017).[4]He received twoNational Film Awardsas an actor and theSangeet Natak Akademi Awardfor his work in theatre. In 2012, he received theDadasaheb Phalke Award,India's highest award in cinema given by thegovernment of Indiafor lifetime achievement. In 2013,IBN Livenamed him as one of "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema".[5]

Early life and background[edit]

Soumitra Chatterjee was born in Mirjapur Street (now Surya Sen Street) nearSealdah railway station,inCalcuttain 1935. The first ten years of his early life were spent inKrishnanagarinWest Bengal.The town under the influence of playwrightDwijendralal Ray,also from Krishnanagar, had a flourishing theatre culture, with numerous small theatre groups. His grandfather was the president of one such group while his father, though lawyer by profession and later a government worker, also worked as an amateur actor. Encouraged by the praise he received for his acting in school plays, gradually his interest in theatre grew with passing years.[6]He was a very close friend of famous theatre personality,Mrityunjay Silwho is often regarded as a key influence on his career.[7]

Soumitra and his family moved toHowrahwhere he studied at theHowrah Zilla Schooland Calcutta during his early years. Soumitra graduated from theCity College, Kolkatawith honours in Bengali literature, as a graduating student of theUniversity of Calcutta.[7]He lived for a few years in Calcutta inSatyajit Ray's old apartment at 3-lake temple road. He studied for hisM.A.in Bengali from theUniversity of Calcutta.While still a student, he learnt acting under noted actor-director ofBengali theatreAhindra Choudhury.[7]However a turning point came when in the final year of college he saw a play bySisir Bhaduri,theatre director and the doyen of Bengali theatre. The play not only set a standard for acting for him, but also helped make up his mind to become an actor. He managed to meet Bhaduri, through his friend's mother, actress Shefalika Putul. Though, he met Bhaduri, towards the end of his career, when his theatre had closed, nevertheless over the next three years, till Bhaduri's death in 1959, Chatterjee made him a mentor, and learnt the craft of acting through their regular interactions.[6][8][9]He even appeared in a small role in one of Bhaduri's productions.[10][11]

Subsequently, he started his career working inAll India Radioas an announcer,[10]While he was there he started pursuing a career in films. He came in touch with Ray during the casting forAparajito(1956), who was looking for new faces. Ray thought he had the right look, however found him, age 20, and just out of college, too old for the role of adolescentApu.Ray remembered him and offered him the role of adult Apu two years later.[12][13][10]Meanwhile, he was rejected in his screen test for Bengali film,Nilachale Mahaprabhu(1957) directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay.[9]

Career[edit]

Work with Satyajit Ray: 1959–1990[edit]

Chatterjee had gone on the sets of Ray's fourth film,Jalsaghar(1958) to watch the shoot. He was unaware that he had already been selected for the title role in the Apu trilogy. That day, while he was leaving the sets, Ray called him over and introduced him to actorChhabi Biswasas "This is Soumitra Chattopadhyay; he's playing Apu in my next filmApur Sansar"leaving him much surprised.[14]Despite being selected, as a debutant actor, Chatterjee was nevertheless unsure of his career choice and especially his looks, as he didn't consider himself photogenic. However, on 9 August 1958, when the first shooting of the film was accepted in a single take, he realized that he had found his vocation.[9]Thus Soumitra's film debut came in 1959 inSatyajit Ray'sThe World of Apu(Apur Sansar). In fact Ray believed with a beard Chatterjee looked like young poet laureateTagore.[15]

Soumitra would go on to collaborate with Ray in fourteen films. His centrality to Ray's work is akin to other key collaborations in the history of cinema —Toshiro MifuneandAkira Kurosawa,Marcello MastroianniandFederico Fellini,De NiroandMartin Scorsese,Leonardo DiCaprioandMartin Scorsese,Max von SydowandIngmar Bergman,Jerzy StuhrandKrzysztof Kieślowski,Klaus KinskiandWerner Herzog.[16][17]AfterApur Sansar,he also worked withSharmila Tagorein a number of Ray's films, apart from working with leading star actor of the period,Uttam Kumar,with whom he has often been compared, in eight films.[18][19]

Chatterjee was cast in diverse roles by Ray and some of the stories and screenplays that Ray wrote were said to be written with him in mind. Soumitra featured asFeluda/Pradosh Chandra Mitter,the famous private investigator from Calcutta in Ray'sFeludaseries of books, in two films in the 1970sSonar Kella(1974) andJoi Baba Felunath(1979). These two films were the firstfilm seriesmade forFeludaand are considered as theFeluda original film series.He was the first person who portrayed the iconicBengalisleuthFeluda.Satyajit Raymade some illustrations ofFeludabased on Soumitra's body figure and look in the 1970sFeluda books.After himSabyasachi Chakrabartytook the role of the iconic Bengali heroFeludain the mid-1990s.

Soumitra had approached Satyajit Ray to suggest a name for a little magazine founded by Soumitra and Nirmalya Acharya in 1961.Satyajit Rayhad named the magazineEkkhon(Now), he designed the inaugural cover page and illustrated the cover pages regularly even after Soumitra had stopped editing the magazine. Nirmalya continued editing the magazine, and several of Ray's scripts were published in the magazine.[20]

Other works[edit]

Besides working with Ray, Soumitra excelled in collaborations with other well-known Bengali directors such asMrinal SenandTapan Sinha.He earned critical acclaim for his role of an impostor inMrinal Sen'sAkash Kusum(1965). He was equally confident in playing the swashbuckling horse-riding villain inTapan Sinha'sJhinder Bandi(1961) giving the legendaryUttam Kumara tough challenge. In the romantic filmTeen Bhubaner Pare(1969), he shared the screen with actressTanuja,the film was noted for his "flamboyant" style of acting. Besides films, Chatterjee continued acting in Kolkata-based Bengali theatre, and also published over 12 poetry books.[21]

Entering the 1980s and 1990s, he started working with contemporary directors, likeGoutam Ghose,Aparna Sen,Anjan DasandRituparno Ghosh,and even acted on television. In 1986, he played the role of a swimming coach, Khitish Singh(Khidda) in filmKony(1986) directed bySaroj Dey,who was part of the film collective Agragami. The film is about a young girl from a slum, who wants to become a swimmer.[19]At the32nd National Film Awards,the film won theNational Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment.[22]Later in a 2012 interview, he called Kony one of the best films of his career. He even recalled using film's catch-phrase "Fight-Koni-fight" in hard times, as a chant to himself to lift his "aging spirits". The phrase had become popular with middle-class Bengalis at the time.[19]He also starred in his biopicAbhijaandirected by Parambrata Chatterjee, an artist himself. The movie was released in April 2022 posthumously as a tribute to Soumitra featuringJisshu Senguptawho portrayed the younger self of the late artist.[23]

Theatre[edit]

He replaced Mrityunjay Sil as the lead artist in 1958. Mrityunjay Sil was at the peak of his theatre career at that time. But due to personal issues he suggested his friend, Soumitra's name. Mrityunjay Sil is often credited with being one of the few people to have helped Soumitra. But he soon left his job.[7]

After a two-decade long busy career as a leading man of Bengali cinema, he returned to theatre in 1978, with his productionNaam Jiban,staged at Biswarupa Theatre in Kolkata. This led to other plays likeRajkumar(1982),Phera(1987),Nilkantha(1988),Ghatak Biday(1990) andNyaymurti(1996), beside notable plays likeTiktiki(1995), an adaptation ofSleuthandHomapakhi(2006). Besides acting, he has written and directed several plays, translated a few and also branched out topoetry readingin recent decades.[7]

Since 14 November 2010, he regularly performed in the title role of the playRaja Leardirected bySuman Mukhopadhyayand produced by Minerva Repertory Theatre, a play based onKing LearbyWilliam Shakespeare.Soumitra received widespread critical and popular accolades for his acting in the play.[19]

Awards and recognition[edit]

Chatterjee in 2011.

Chatterjee received the 'Commandeur'Officier des Arts et Metiers,the highest award for arts given by theFrenchgovernment in 1999, and the Lifetime Award at the Naples Film Festival, Italy.[24][25]He turned down thePadma Shriaward from the Indian government in the 1970s.[24]In 2004, he accepted the prestigiousPadma Bhushanaward from thePresident of India.[26]He has been the subject of a full-length documentary namedGaachby French film director Catherine Berge. In 1998, he was awarded theSangeet Natak Akademi Awardgiven by theSangeet Natak Akademi,India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama.[27]

Incidentally, besides receiving eight awards from theBengal Film Journalists' Associationfor the best actor[28]and international recognition for his acting prowess, Chatterjee never won a National Film Award for acting in the early part of his career, which established his reputation as an actor, working with directors like Satyajit Ray, Tapan Sinha and Mrinal Sen. Thus, over the years, he has been vocal about his feelings of disappointment and alleging bias in theNational Film Awardscommitteetowards awarding popular and mainstream cinema.[6][8]Thus, in a gesture of protest against, he turned down the2001Special Jury AwardforDekhadirected byGoutam Ghose.Later in an interview he stated "the National Film Awards, overlooked my performances in several powerful roles. When I didKony,Shashi Kapoorwas adjudged the best actor.Anil Kapoorwas feted (Best Actor) forPukarwhileDekhawas awarded a 'consolation' prize ".[8][29]

However, after receiving thePadma Bhushan,the third highest civilian honour given by Government of India in 2004, he changed his viewpoint towards awards, and stated "Now (after Padma Bhushan) I feel I don't have the right to hurt my viewers by rejecting an award."[8]A few years later, on 9 June 2008, he was awarded the 2007National Film Award for Best ActorforPodokkhep(Footsteps) (2006),[30]which he accepted though stating "after decades of acting, I do not attach too much value to it".[31]
In 2010, he won Best Supporting Actor at 54th Asia-Pacific Film Festival for his role inAngshumaner Chhobi(2009).[32]

In 2012, he was awarded theDadasaheb Phalke Award,India's highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution toIndian cinema.[18][21]In 2014, he received the introductoryFilmfare Awards EastforBest Male Actor (Critics)for his role inRupkatha Noy[33]and also he wonFilmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South(1994).[34]

Civilian awards

Source(s):[35]

National Film Awards
Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

Source(s):[42]

Filmfare Awards East

Source(s):[43]

Filmfare Awards South

Filmography[edit]

Main article:Soumitra Chatterjee filmography

Works[edit]

Chatterjee has multiple works to his credit in Bengali, including:

Books
  • Charitrer Sandhane( "Search of Character"; 2004). Kolkata: Saptarshi Prakashan.[49]
  • Pratidin Taba Gatha( "You Sing Everyday"; 2009). Kolkata:Aajkaal Publishers Pvt Ltd.[50]AboutRabindranath Tagorein many aspects of his life.
  • Agrapathikera( "Pioneers"; 2010). Kolkata: Aajkaal Publishers Pvt Ltd.[51]A memoir of his seniors and friends who are no more.
  • Porichoy:( "Introduction"; 2013). Prakash Bhaban.[52]
  • Manikdar Sange( "With Manik Da"; 2014). Kolkata: Aajkaal Publishers Pvt Ltd.[53]Translated as "The Master and I: Soumitra on Satyajit" by Arunava Sinha. Depicts the journey with his masterSatyajit Ray(1959-1992).
Poetry collections
  • Śreshṭha Kabitā( "Best Poem", poetry collection; 1993). Calcutta: Dey's Publication.ISBN978-81-295-2654-0[54]
  • Madhyarater Sangket:( "Midnight Signal"; 2012). Kolkata:Signet Press.ISBN978-93-504-0169-9.[55]
  • Kabita Samagra:( "Poetry Collection"; 2014). Kolkata:Ananda Publishers Pvt Ltd.ISBN978-93-504-0411-9.[56]
  • Shabdora Aamar Bagane( "Words in My Garden" )[57]
Dramas
In translation

The Master and I: Soumitra on Satyajit,Soumitra Chatterjee, tr. by Arunava Sinha. Supernova Publishers, 2014.ISBN9788189930721.[61]Translation of Chatterjee'sManikdar Sange.

Works about

Illness and death[edit]

On 5 October 2020, Chatterjee tested positive forCOVID-19and was admitted on 6 October inBelle Vue Clinic, Kolkata.[66][67]However, he tested negative to the second COVID-19 test conducted on 14 October. In the meantime, his complications (urinary tract infection, fluctuations in sodium potassium levels, etc.) made the condition critical and he had to be admitted toITU.From 13 October, his condition started to improve marginally and on 14 October, he was transferred from a Covid unit to a non-Covid unit. He was kept onBiPAPsupport and invasive ventilation for in the critical times; after his improvement in health, the treatment mechanisms were changed. He was under the supervision of a medical team of 16 physicians. On 25 October, his condition further deteriorated.[68]On 15 November 2020, Chatterjee died due to COVID-19[69]inducedencephalopathyat Bellevue hospital in Kolkata at 12.15 p.m.[70]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  3. ^"Feluda and fangirl!".Telegraph India.Archivedfrom the original on 8 December 2019.Retrieved9 December2019.
  4. ^"After Honouring Him With The Highest Award, French Embassy Pays Tribute To Soumitra Chatterjee".IndiaTimes.16 November 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 17 November 2020.Retrieved6 January2021.
  5. ^"News18.com: CNN News18 Latest News, Breaking News India, Current News Headlines".News18.Archived fromthe originalon 17 February 2013.
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  9. ^abcAnuradha SenGupta (29 June 2008)."Being Soumitra Chatterjee: Star of the East".CNN-IBN. Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2008.Retrieved21 May2014.
  10. ^abcRay 1996,p. 131.
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  15. ^Ray 2007,p. 42.
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  21. ^ab"Soumitra Chatterjee to receive Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2011 (PIB)"(Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. 23 March 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 22 May 2014.Retrieved22 May2014.
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  69. ^"প্রয়াত সৌমিত্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় । জীবনের মঞ্চ ছেড়ে মহাকালের গ্রিনরুমে বাঙালির প্রিয় নায়ক".Nagarik News.[permanent dead link]
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    -"Soumitra Chatterjee: India acting legend dies, aged 85".BBC News.15 November 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 15 November 2020.Retrieved15 November2020."প্রয়াত সৌমিত্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় । জীবনের মঞ্চ ছেড়ে মহাকালের গ্রিনরুমে বাঙালির প্রিয় নায়ক"[permanent dead link]Nagarik News. 15 November 2020

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

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