South African National Front
TheSouth African National Front,also known as theNational Front of South Africa(SANF) was aneo-fascistorganisation in South Africa formed in 1977. It was an initiative ofJohn Tyndallof theBritish National Front;sister organisations were also formed in Australia and New Zealand at the same time.
SANF's first Chairman was Jack Noble, with the party being organised during the 1970s byRay Hill.SANF channelled funds to the NF as part of an international network ofneo-fascism.It moved beyond a mere gathering ofexpatriateswhen it linked up with Italian and Portuguese neo-fascists and the South AfricanKu Klux Klan.[1]It also tried to link with theAfrikaner Resistance Movement(AWB) and theHerstigte Nasionale Party(HNP) (from whom it received funding) with the ultimate aim of a single unitedracist/neo-fascist party in South Africa but this 'embryonic’[2]party never came to fruition.[3]
SANF published its own magazineHitback.It also "published a number of anti-black and ‘anti-Zionist’ pamphlets which led to calls for it to be prosecuted for incitement toracial hatred",SANF’s policies would have led to a" massive increase in the death rate of black infants ".[4]By 1979 SANF'santisemitismled Jewish youths to threaten to take matters into their own hands;Harry Schwarzand Alf Widman of theProgressive Federal Partycalled on the government to do something about the party.[5]
In 1979 the HNP replaced Noble as leader with Alan Fotheringham, a former HNP candidate,[6]and Ray Hill returned to England.
Wit Kommando
[edit]SANF formed its own paramilitary wing Wit Kommando/White Commando, a not unusual development in the context ofright wingSouth African politics.[7][8]In 1980 the Wit Kommando/White Commando began a campaign ofterrorismmainly against blacks. A number of bombings took place, notably against the offices of theSouth African Institute of Race Relationsand theUniversity of South Africa.In 1981 they planned to also attack whites whom they regarded as "white kaffirs" orrace mixers.The South African police made arrests and discovered a hitlist of targets which included BishopDesmond Tutu,[9]the White Commando having previously "threatened him repeatedly".[10]Fotheringham was not charged but Max (Massimo) Bollo from SANF's national directorate, and leader of the Italian associated grouping UNIDO, received a lengthy jail sentence, as did two other fellow Italians.[11]SANF disbanded in the early 1980s.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Hill, Ray and Bell, AndrewThe Other Face of TerrorGrafton (1988) p56, pp67-68
- ^Term used by former member
- ^Hill, Ray and Bell, AndrewThe Other Face of TerrorGrafton (1988) p56, pp70
- ^Baron, AlexanderJew-Haters, Black-Haters, violent Criminals, hypocrites and liars condemned out of their own mouths2nd edition Anglo-Hebrew Publishing p9ISBN1-898318-07-7
- ^Article from (Johannesburg) Sunday Express 4 February 1979Archived7 October 2011 at theWayback Machine
- ^Hill, Ray and Bell, AndrewThe Other Face of TerrorGrafton (1988) p70
- ^It is listed as among the most "notorious" of paramilitary organisations in Johann van RooyenHard Right: The New White Power in South AfricaIB Tauris (1994) p91-92
- ^"GTD ID:198012100001".Global Terrorism Database.Retrieved17 July2022.
- ^Hill, Ray and Bell, AndrewThe Other Face of TerrorGrafton (1988)p72
- ^Allen, JohnRabble-Rouser for Peace: The Authorised Biography of Desmond TutuRider 2006 p207
- ^Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South AfricaReport Volume 2 p654
- ^"Right wing Wit Kommando bombs academic's office".South African History Online.Retrieved17 July2022.
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