South Fork Kern River

South Fork Kern River
Headwaters of the South Fork Kern River inTulare County
Map showing the Kern River and the South Fork Kern River (to the east of the main stem)
Location
Country	United States
State	California
Region	Inyo County,Tulare County,Kern County
Cities	Onyx,Weldon
Physical characteristics
Source	Southwest side of unnamed peak
• location	near Horseshoe Meadow,Inyo National Forest,Tulare County
• coordinates	36°25′55″N118°12′48″W
• elevation	10,850 ft (3,310 m)
Mouth	Lake Isabella
• location	Mountain Mesa,Kern County
• coordinates	35°39′34″N118°27′51″W
• elevation	2,490 ft (760 m)
Length	95 mi (153 km), North-south
Basin size	982 sq mi (2,540 km2)
Discharge
• location	Isabella, California
• average	105 cu ft/s (3.0 m3/s)
• minimum	4 cu ft/s (0.11 m3/s)
• maximum	4,100 cu ft/s (120 m3/s)
Basin features
River system	Kern Riverwatershed
Tributaries
• left	Canebrake Creek
• right	Trout Creek (Kern River)
National Wild and Scenic River
Designated	November 24, 1987

TheSouth Fork Kern Riveris a tributary of theKern Riverin theSierra Nevadaof theU.S. stateofCalifornia.It is one of the southernmost rivers on the western slope of the mountains, and drains a high, relatively dryplateaucountry of 982 square miles (2,540 km²) along the Sierra Crest. The upper South Fork flows through a series of rugged canyons, but it also drains a flat, marshy valley before joining the Kern River atLake Isabella.

Course

It rises in theInyo National Foreston the Tulare side of theInyo County-Tulare Countyline, in a small meadow on theSierra Crestnear thePacific Crest Trail.The river flows south through meadows and broad valleys, drawing very close to Golden Trout Creek, a tributary of the Kern River to the west. Much of the river's course south is just to the west ofOwens Valley,which lies to the east at the base of the Sierra.

The river then enters theSequoia National Forestand receives Trout Creek from the right. Entering a gorge, the river courses through a 2,000-foot (610 m)-deep canyon before coming out of the mountains nearOnyx.There it receives Canebrake Creek and turns southwest. The South Fork Kern then passesWeldonand theKern River Preserve.As it nears Lake Isabella its fast waters slow and spread into extensive marshes. The river enters the reservoir at the end of a smalldelta.Its original confluence with the Kern is submerged under the lake, which is formed byIsabella Dam.

History

The valley of the lower South Fork Kern River was once inhabited by theTübatulabalandKawaiisutribes. Humans have lived along the river for approximately 3,000 years.In 1834,Joseph R. Walkerand his company of explorers surveyed along the river trying to find a low pass over the Sierra Nevada mountains. During their journey, they discoveredWalker Pass,a mile above sea level, which lies at the headwaters ofCanebrake Creek,a major tributary of the South Fork. Walker returned in 1843, leading an early party of emigrants over the Sierra by way of the pass.Gold strikes brought miners to the area in the 1850s and 1860s, and the first permanent settlements along the river were built in 1859. Conflicts ensued between the newcomers and the native inhabitants, and a U.S. Army outfit, Camp Leonard, was established on the river to provide military control over the area.

River modifications

Most of the river is free-flowing – with no dams and few diversions – with one exception. In 1953, theIsabella Damwas built on the Kern River nearBodfishby theU.S. Army Corps of Engineers,flooding the lower parts of the North Fork Kern (the main stem above Isabella) and the South Fork Kern under Isabella Lake to provide flood control and hydroelectric power.However, problems have developed with the dam's structure, creating a high risk of failure. A collapse of the dam, which could be caused by a quake on the Kern Canyonfaultthat lies directly under the structure, could inundate the city ofBakersfieldwithin hours.

In addition, the lower Kern, South Fork Kern and Canebrake Creek valleys provide an important transportation route.California State Route 178runs through them, linking Bakersfield andInyokern,which lie on opposite sides of the Sierra, via Walker Pass. SR178 is one of the few routes that cross this section of the mountain range. The road was first built in the 1890s. It was added to the California state highway system in 1919, and was paved in 1940.

See also

• Golden Trout Wilderness
• Kings Canyon National Park
• Sequoia National Park
• Tulare Lake
• List of rivers of California