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Southern Company

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For other companies named Southern, seeSouthern § Businesses.

The Southern Company
Company typePublic
IndustryEnergy,Telecom
Founded1945;79 years ago(1945)
Headquarters
Atlanta, Georgia
,
U.S.
Area served
6 U.S. states:[1]
Key people
RevenueIncreaseUS$29.3 billion[3](2022)
IncreaseUS$3.52 billion(2022)
IncreaseUS$3.52 billion(2022)
Total assetsIncreaseUS$134.9 billion(2022)
Total equityIncreaseUS$34.5 billion(2022)
Number of employees
27,700 (2022)
SubsidiariesSouthern Company Gas
Alabama Power
Georgia Power
Mississippi Power
Southern Company Services
Southern Linc
Southern Nuclear
Southern Company Generation
Southern Power
Southern Telecom
PowerSecure
Websitesoutherncompany.com
Footnotes / references
[4]

Southern Companyis an American gas and electric utilityholding companybased in theSouthern United States.It is headquartered inAtlanta, Georgia,with executive offices located inBirmingham,Alabama.As of 2021 it is the second largest utility company in the U.S. in terms of customer base. Through its subsidiaries it serves 9 million gas and electric utility customers in 6 states. Southern Company's regulated regional electric utilities serve a 120,000-square-mile (310,000 km2) territory with 27,000 miles (43,000 km) of distribution lines.[3]

Overview

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Southern Company, a for-profit corporation, is one of the largest energy providers in the United States and is ranked 126th on theFortune 500listing of the largest U.S. corporations.[5]The company has approximately 31,300 employees.[5]

Southern Company subsidiaries are operating or developing renewable power across the U.S., as well as opening the first newnuclear unitsin the U.S. in 30 years atPlant VogtlenearAugusta, Georgia.

Southern Company's three retail operating companies —Alabama Power,Georgia Power,andMississippi Power— cover 120,000 square miles (310,000 km2) in three states. Southern Power serves wholesale electricity customers across the country, and Southern Company Gas serves utility customers in seven states.

Southern Company owns the following companies:

  • Alabama Power- operating company, based inBirmingham, Alabama.Serves the southern two-thirds of Alabama.
  • Georgia Power- operating company, based in Atlanta. Serves all of Georgia, except for mostly rural counties.
  • Mississippi Power- operating company, based inGulfport, Mississippi.Serves the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
  • Southern Company Services(originally named Southern Services, Inc.) - Birmingham, Alabama - Common Services
  • Southern Linc- cellular telephone provider - Atlanta, Georgia
  • Southern Nuclear- engineering and operations for nuclear power plants - Birmingham, Alabama (Southern Company is the majority owner and operator of theFarley,Hatch,andVogtlenuclear power plants.)
  • Southern Company Generation -fossil fuelsand hydro operations - Birmingham, Alabama.
  • Southern Power - wholesale power generation - Birmingham, Alabama.
  • Southern Telecom- wholesale fiber optic communications and data services - Atlanta, Georgia.
  • Southern Company Gas- serves gas utility customers and operates natural gas pipelines - Atlanta, Georgia.
  • PowerSecure - distributed infrastructure technologies - Wake Forest, North Carolina.
  • Atlanta Gas Light- provides natural gas delivery service to more than 1.6 million customers in Georgia.
  • Chattanooga Gas - provides retail natural gas sales and transportation services to approximately 66,000 customers in Hamilton and Bradley counties in southeast Tennessee.
  • Nicor Gas - Provider of natural gas throughout northern Illinois.
  • Virginia Natural Gas - Provider of Natural Gas in southeastern Virginia.
  • Sequent Energy Management - optimizes natural gas assets and effectively utilize transportation and storage services.
  • Southern Wholesale Energy - markets the retail operating companies' surplus generating capacity to the wholesale market.
  • Southern Company Transmission - conducts transmission business in accordance with the Southern Companies Open Access Transmission Tariff approved by FERC.

Prior to 2019, Southern Company also ownedGulf Power,an electric utility based inPensacola, Floridathat serves most of theFlorida Panhandle.An agreement was reached in May 2018 to sell Gulf Power to rival utility companyNextEra Energy.The sale was completed on January 1, 2019.[6]Gulf Power would become the Northwest Florida division ofFlorida Power & Light(FPL) in 2021, with the Gulf Power name retired in favor of FPL in 2022.

History

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Southern Company previous logo

Southern Company can be traced back to 1924, when Southeastern Power & Light was formed as a holding company for Alabama Traction, Light and Power (formed 1906), the immediate forerunner of Alabama Power. Later that year, it formed Mississippi Power as a subsidiary, with Gulf Power following in 1925. In 1926, it merged with Georgia Power (formed 1902). In 1930, Southeastern Power & Light merged into theCommonwealth & Southern Corporation.The new system included five Northern companies and six Southern companies. However, in the late 1940s Commonwealth & Southern was dissolved to meet thePublic Utility Holding Company Act of 1935.Four of Commonwealth & Southern's Deep South operating companies—Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power—were deemed to be an integrated system and thus were allowed to remain under common ownership. A new holding company, Southern Company, was incorporated in Delaware on November 9, 1945. It commenced operation in 1949, and moved to Georgia in 1950. In 1954–55, the company was involved in theDixon-Yates contractwith theAtomic Energy Commission,and the associated political controversy.[7]

In 1981, Southern Company became the first electric utility holding company in 46 years to diversify its operations by forming an unregulated subsidiary. In January 1982, Southern Energy, Inc., began official operations as a global energy company, growing to serve 10 countries on four continents. On April 2, 2001, Southern Company completed the spinoff of Southern Energy asMirant Corporation.

Another Southern Company subsidiary—Southern Nuclear—began providing services in 1991 to the system's nuclear power plants.

In 1996, Southern Communications Services began providing digital wireless communications services to Southern Company's subsidiaries and also began marketing these services to the public within the Southeast as Southern Linc. Southern Telecom, a telecommunications subsidiary of Southern Company, was founded in 1997. Southern Telecom providescolocationanddark fiberoptic lines to network businesses.[8]

On January 9, 2001, Southern Company received final approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission to form Southern Power, a subsidiary to own, manage and finance wholesale generating assets in the Southeast. The new subsidiary targets wholesale customers.

On July 19, 2002, Southern Company Gas received certification from the Georgia Public Service Commission to enter the retail gas market. After nearly four years of operations, the company was sold and customers transferred to Cobb EMC's newly formed affiliate, Gas South.

In 2011, Southern Company and Turner Renewable Energy purchased a 30 MW solar project fromFirst Solar.[9]Located inCimarron,New Mexico,it began generating electricity in 2011.[10]

In June 2012, the Nacogdoches Generating Facility began its commercial operation.[11]The facility is a 115 MW biomass-fueled electric generating plant, located nearSaculinNacogdoches County, Texas.

In 2016, Southern Company acquired PowerSecure, a distributed energy infrastructure technologies company, and AGL Resources (which was renamedSouthern Company Gas). As a result of the AGL Resources merger, Southern Company doubled its customer base, expanded its footprint and broadened the scope of its business by increasing its natural gas presence.[12]

In September 2023, it was announced Southern Company's subsidiary, Southern Power had acquired the 200MW Millers Branch Solar Facility inHaskell County, TexasfromEDF RenewablesNorth America, for an undisclosed amount.[13]

Plant Vogtle

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Plant Vogtlein Georgia. Southern Company and its partners are constructing two new units on this site by 2022.

Southern Company subsidiaries operate hydroelectric, gas, coal, and nuclear generation sources to generate approximately 200 terawatt-hours of electricity. In 2009, coal represented 57 percent of the company's output, followed bynuclear(23%) andnatural gas(16%). Renewablehydroelectric powerrepresented 4 percent of Southern's generation. Coal-based generation dropped significantly in 2009 from an average of 70% between 2005 and 2008.[14]As of 2017 Coal-based generation had dropped to 30%.[15]

In June 2010, theUnited States Department of Energyawarded an $8.3 billionloan guaranteeto facilitate the construction of two newnuclear reactorsatPlant Vogtle,nearAugusta, Georgia.A Southern Company subsidiary, Georgia Power, owns 45.7% of the current 2,430 MW facility, with co-ownersOglethorpe Power(30%)Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia(22.7%) and the City ofDalton(1.6%). The plant is operated by Georgia Power. The $14 billion construction project is scheduled to be completed by 2022 and would double the plant's capacity.[16]

The construction of two 1,154 MW reactors has been hailed by Energy SecretarySteven Chuas "the first new nuclear power plant to break ground in decades". It is expected to create up to 3,500 jobs during the construction phase, and 800 once operational.[17]However, in March 2017Westinghouse Electric Company,who were building the plant, filed forChapter 11 bankruptcybecause of $9 billion of losses from its two U.S. nuclear construction projects.[18]The U.S. government had given $8.3 billion of loan guarantees on the financing of the four nuclear reactors being built in the U.S., and it is expected a way forward to completing the plant can be agreed.[19]

Plant Ratcliffe

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In September 2013 theEPAintroduced new provisions regarding output of carbon emissions in new power facilities. The proposed emission limit for new energy sources will be 1,100lbs of carbon dioxide per megawatt hour of electricity.[20]Preemptively recognizing the need for these changes, Southern Company broke ground on its 21st-century clean coal facility in June 2010.[21]Southern's subsidiary,Mississippi Powerwill operate the plant. The Kemper County Energy Facility, orKemper Project,takes advantage of the abundantlignite,or poor quality coal, available in Mississippi.[22]Additionally, it employs Transport Gasifier (TRIG) technology. TRIG technology is built on the idea of dry-feed, non-slag gasifiers, which operate at lower temperatures than other coal gasifiers. This dry-feed is crushed, heated, and circulated in the gasifier, producing a flammable synthetic gas, syngas. Syngas can generate electricity with fewer emissions. Of course, other byproducts are produced, like ammonia and sulphuric acid. These particular products are sold for commercial use.[23]

TheEPAconsiders theKemper Coal Projectand other planned facilities like it, to be a lifeline for the coal industry in the wake of the new climate change plan. Between 2010 and 2014, approximately 150 coal plants were shut down.[24]

As of April 2014, theUS Department of Energyhad invested $270m in this project. Southern Company, and its subsidiary,Mississippi Poweranticipate that the Kemper Coal Plant will generate enough energy to serve more than 187,000 customers. Upon opening, the Kemper Coal Project is expected to be capable of stripping out at least 65% of the carbon dioxide, significantly exceeding the EPA's proposed requirement of 40%.[25]

Partnerships

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Southern Company works with the U.S.Department of Energyon a variety of projects including transmission and distribution of infrastructure and smart grid initiatives, environmental research programs, and nuclear generation. One of the more significant joint efforts, the DOE's National Carbon Capture Center, is managed by Southern Company and represents national efforts to reducegreenhouse gas emissionsfrom coal-based power generation. At this location, Southern Company has been working with scientists and technology developers from government, industry, and universities who are creating the next generation of carbon capture technologies.[26]

Along with the DOE, Southern Company has been working withKBR,another technology partner, to perfect its TRIG advancedcoal gasificationtechnology.[27]This process of breaking down "dirty coal", orlignite,into its chemical components is not only cleaner, but it is also less expensive and more reliable.[28]This technology is currently being implemented at Southern Company's Kemper County power plant, one of the few new coal facilities working to keep the U.S. coal industry alive. This new facility will be built on a lignite seam, is expected to strip out two-thirds of carbon dioxide emissions, leaving emissions at about the same level as natural gas. The Kemper Coal Plant is expected to fall well under new regulations implemented by the EPA, which limits coal plants to 1,100lbs of carbon dioxide emissions per megawatt hour of electricity.[24]

In an effort to make this technology more attainable, Southern Company has partnered with China's Shenhua Group to collaborate on further research, development, and deployment of clean coal technologies in the US, China, and around the world.[29]This partnership with Shenhua, who is currently expected to add more than 400,000 megawatts of coal-fired capacity by 2035, could lead to wide deployment of TRIG-equipped power plants across Asia. TRIG technology has the potential to not only assist China with their growing carbon issue, but also enable the country to tap into their own low quality coal.[30]

In 2009, the U.S. Department of Energy granted Southern Company a $165 million Smart Grid Investment Grant to implement a smart grid and to make the grid more reliable. Through matching funds and other investments, the company spent $363 million on the initiative, which it completed in 2014. The upgraded smart grid allows Southern Company the ability to monitor and control its electric infrastructure in real time and respond to problems.[31]

Financial data

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Financial data in $ millions[32]
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Revenue 13,554 14,356 15,353 17,127 15,743 17,456 17,657 16,537 17,087 18,467 17,489 19,896 23,031 23,495 21,419 20,375 23,113 29,279
Net income 1,591 1,573 1,734 1,742 1,643 1,975 2,203 2,350 1,644 1,963 2,367 2,448 842 2,226 4,739 3,119 2,393 3,524
Assets 39,877 42,858 45,789 48,347 52,046 55,032 59,267 63,149 64,546 70,233 78,318 109,697 111,005 116,914 118,700 122,935 127,534 134,891
Employees 26,300 26,369 26,703 32,015 31,344 29,192 27,943 27,700 27,300 27,700

Carbon footprint

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Southern Company reported TotalCO2e emissions(Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 75,300 Kt (-13,100 /-14.8% y-o-y)[33]and aims to reach net zero emissions by 2050.[34]

Southern Company's annual Total CO2e Emissions - Market-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)[33]
Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 2020
101,200 102,600 88,400 75,300

Political donations

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In May 2018, it was reported that Southern Company had donated $1 million toAmerica First Policies,a pro-Donald Trumpadvocacy group.[35][36][37]

Controversies

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Environmental impact

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Southern Company is the third-largest producer ofgreenhouse gas emissionsin the United States, emitting 86,244,286 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2019.[38][39]

In 2005, the company announced it would open a Mercury Research Center at Plant CristPensacola, Florida,[40]hoping to find new ways to reduce mercury emissions.[41]

On April 25, 2006,Alabama Power,a subsidiary of Southern Company, agreed to pay $200M to settle allegations that its coal-fired James H. Miller, Jr. Plant nearWest Jefferson,Alabamaemitted harmful amounts ofSO2andNOx.[42]

In response to growing public and financial community interest, the company has enacted assorted environmental measures. Southern Company participates inRenew Our Rivers,a volunteer program to remove debris from rivers and other waterways throughout theSoutheast,which claims[43]over 11 million pounds of trash removed or recycled in Renew Our Rivers events.[citation needed]The company also manages and operates the National Carbon Capture Center, a focal point of theUS Department of Energy's efforts to developcarbon captureand greenhouse gas reduction technologies,[44]under which various projects to testgeologic sequestrationare in progress at Plant Gorgas in Alabama, Plant Daniel in Mississippi and other company sites. However, critics have argued that CCS seldom works and prolongs the life of fossil fuels.[45][46]

Climate change denial

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Southern Company has a long history of fundingclimate change denial[38]and has been a "driving force behind climate disinformation", sponsoring campaigns in opposition toclimate science,against limitinggreenhouse gas emissions,and slowing the transition to renewable energy sources.[47]

Between 1993 and 2004 Southern Company paid over $62 million to organizations that spread disinformation aboutclimate change.[38]The utility paid for advertising claiming that climate change was not real and made payments to public relations companies, industry groups, law firms and thinktanks to dispute the scientific consensus for climate change and attack legislative solutions. The utility paid $20 million to the trade group Edison Electric Institute, which creates media campaigns to attack proponents of global warming.[38]In the 1990s, Southern Company and the Center for Energy and Economic Development hosted energy workshops broadcast to schoolteachers through the company's satellite network to promote pro-coal messages about climate change and the environment.[38]

Kemper Project controversies

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In February 2015, theMississippi Supreme Courtordered Southern Company's subsidiaryMississippi Powerto restore $377 million to South Mississippi ratepayers for rate increases related to theKemper Project,a "clean" coal plant.[48]These fees were derived from Mississippi's Baseload Act, allowing Mississippi Power to charge ratepayers for powerplants under construction.

In May 2016, Southern Company and its subsidiary Mississippi Power announced they were being investigated by theSecurities and Exchange Commissionrelated to overruns at the Kemper Project.[48]The project had been repeatedly delayed and costs increased from $2.88 billion to $6.58 billion.[49]In recorded conversations, at least six engineers from the Kemper Project claimed that delays, cost overruns, safety violations, and shoddy work, were in part due to mismanagement or fraud.

In June 2016, Mississippi Power was sued by Treetop Midstream Services over the cancellation of a contract to receivecarbon dioxidefrom the Kemper Project as part of thecarbon capture and storagedesign.[50]Treetop had contracted to buy carbon dioxide from the Kemper plant and had built a pipeline in preparation to receive the gas. Treetop alleged Mississippi Power had fraudulently and "intentionally misrepresenting and concealing the start date" for the Kemper Project, though Mississippi Power stated the suit was without merit.

The company was also found to have unlawfully fired awhistle-blowerwho had criticized alleged false statements by company management.[48]

Vogtle nuclear power plant

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In June 2021,Georgia Power,a subsidiary of Southern Company, was scrutinized by theGeorgia Public Service Commissionover the lengthy delays and ballooning costs of its new Vogtle nuclear plant inBurke County,Georgia.[51][52]

Willie Soon

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In February 2015, it was revealed thatclimate change denierWillie Soonhad been paid by Southern Company and several other fossil fuel interest groups.[53]Over the course of 14 years, Soon received a total of $1.25m from Southern Company,Exxon Mobil,theAmerican Petroleum Institute (API)and a foundation run by theKoch brothers,the documents obtained byGreenpeaceshow.[54]At $410,000, Southern Company was the largest donor. The scientist described his studies to fossil fuel executives as "deliverables", and permitted anonymous pre-publication reviews.[55]Soon advanced the widely discredited theory that changes in solar activity are to blame for climate change, and called into question the severity and extent of climate change in all his studies, never revealing his backers.[55]

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Southern Company."Service Territory".RetrievedSeptember 14,2019.
  2. ^"Southern Company employees list"(PDF).Craft.September 4, 2019.
  3. ^abSouthern Company."Facts and Figures".RetrievedSeptember 14,2019.
  4. ^"Southern Share Holder Equity 2010-2023".www.macrotrends.net.RetrievedJanuary 21,2024.
  5. ^ab"Southern".Fortune.RetrievedNovember 15,2018.
  6. ^"NextEra Energy completes acquisition of Gulf Power from Southern Company".NextEra Energy.September 4, 2019.
  7. ^"The Southern Company History".Funding Universe.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  8. ^"About Us".Southern Company.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  9. ^"First Solar Sells 30 Megawatt Solar Photovoltaic Power Project to Southern Company and Turner Renewable Energy".investor.firstsolar.com.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  10. ^Company, Southern."Southern Company and Ted Turner Energize Cimarron Solar Facility".www.prnewswire.com(Press release).RetrievedMarch 13,2022.{{cite press release}}:|last=has generic name (help)
  11. ^https://www.southerncompany.com/content/dam/southern-company/pdf/southernpower/Nacogdoches_Generating_Facility_factsheet.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  12. ^"Southern Company unveils new brand".www.southerncompany.com.RetrievedNovember 21,2018.
  13. ^Casey, J. P. (September 22, 2023)."Southern Power acquires 200MW Millers Branch solar project in Texas".PV Tech.RetrievedSeptember 22,2023.
  14. ^Southern Company (2010)."Corporate Responsibility Report Data Summary".Archived fromthe originalon September 12, 2010.RetrievedSeptember 27,2010.
  15. ^"Southern Company 2017 Annual Report"(PDF).
  16. ^Markiewicz, David (February 10, 2010)."Vogtle nuclear plant near Augusta gets federal loan guarantee".The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.Archived fromthe originalon June 9, 2010.RetrievedAugust 8,2010.
  17. ^Pavey, Rob (February 16, 2010)."Feds back two new reactors at Plant Vogtle".Augusta Chronicle.Augusta, GA.RetrievedSeptember 27,2010.
  18. ^Fuse, Taro (March 24, 2017)."Toshiba decides on Westinghouse bankruptcy, sees $9 billion in charges: sources".Reuters.RetrievedMarch 25,2017.
  19. ^Tom Hals, Makiko Yamazaki, Tim Kelly (March 30, 2017)."Huge nuclear cost overruns push Toshiba's Westinghouse into bankruptcy".Reuters.RetrievedMarch 31,2017.{{cite news}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^"Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units".Federal Register.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  21. ^"Kemper County IGCC Fact Sheet: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project".MIT.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  22. ^"Kemper FAQ".NBCC. Archived fromthe originalon April 13, 2014.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  23. ^"Mississippi Plant to Test if Coal Can Be Clean".Bloomberg.com.Bloomberg.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  24. ^ab"Can Kemper become the first US power plant to use 'clean coal'?".The Guardian.March 12, 2014.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  25. ^"In Mississippi, a power plant is designed to shape the future of coal".LA Times.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  26. ^"Southern Company & Department of Energy Partnerships".Southern Company.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  27. ^"What is TRIG?".NBCC.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  28. ^"Gasification and TRIG".Mississippi Power.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  29. ^"Southern Teaming with Shenhua Group on Clean Coal Technology".NBCC.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  30. ^"Southern teaming with Shenhua group on clean coal technology".The Energy Daily.RetrievedMay 19,2014.
  31. ^"Southern Company Enhances Grid Reliability, Efficiency, Security Through $165 Million DOE Grant".Transmission & Distribution World.January 13, 2014.RetrievedDecember 29,2018.
  32. ^"Southern Revenue 2006-2018 | SO".www.macrotrends.net.RetrievedNovember 6,2018.
  33. ^ab"Southern Company's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on November 12, 2021.Alt URL
  34. ^"Net Zero - Southern Company".
  35. ^"Corporate donors funding Trump dark money group tied to racist views".May 31, 2018.
  36. ^"Southern Co., CVS, Dow Chemical Funding Trump Dark Money Group Tied to Racist, Anti-Semitic Views".maplight.org.RetrievedJune 2,2018.
  37. ^Andrew Kaczynski; Chris Massie; Nathan McDermott."CVS Health and Dow Chemical will no longer donate to pro-Trump advocacy group".CNN.RetrievedJune 2,2018.
  38. ^abcdeDembicki, Geoff (June 8, 2022)."Warned of 'massive' climate-led extinction, a US energy firm funded crisis denial ads".The Guardian.
  39. ^Baylor, Matthew (2021)."Greenhouse 100 Polluters Index: (2021 Report, Based on 2019 Data)".Political Economy Research Institute.
  40. ^https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2005/12/05/daily7.html[bare URL]
  41. ^"Mercury Research Center (pdf)"(PDF).mercuryresearchcenter.com.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 26, 2012.RetrievedApril 14,2018.
  42. ^"#06-242: 04-25-06 Partial Settlement with Alabama Power will Result in Significant Reductions of Harmful Pollutants".www.justice.gov.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  43. ^"Renew Our Rivers website".renewourrivers.com.RetrievedApril 14,2018.
  44. ^"Error".www.netl.doe.gov.RetrievedApril 14,2018.
  45. ^"Congress is spending billions on carbon capture. Is it a climate savior or a boondoggle?".www.cbsnews.com.January 25, 2022.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  46. ^"Southern Company's Kemper Scandal and Why Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Will Never Work".Energy and Policy Institute.July 12, 2016.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  47. ^Anderson, David (June 2022)."Southern Company Knew: How a" clean coal "utility was warned about climate change risks years before it funded climate disinformation, 1964-2022".Energy and Policy Institute.
  48. ^abcUrbina, Ian (July 5, 2016)."Piles of Dirty Secrets Behind a Model 'Clean Coal' Project".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  49. ^"Mississippi Power: SEC investigating Kemper project".Clarion-Ledger.Gannett Company.Associated Press. May 6, 2016.RetrievedJuly 5,2016.
  50. ^Chandler, Clay."Court strikes down Kemper rate increases, orders refunds".The Clarion-Ledger.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  51. ^Recorder, Stanley Dunlap/Georgia (June 25, 2021)."PSC, federal inspectors grill Georgia Power, Southern Company over Vogtle delays".The Current.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  52. ^"$30B Georgia Power nuclear plant delayed up to 6 more months".AP NEWS.February 17, 2022.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  53. ^Gillis, Justin; Schwartz, John (February 21, 2015)."Deeper Ties to Corporate Cash for Doubtful Climate Researcher".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  54. ^"Work of prominent climate change denier was funded by energy industry".The Guardian.February 21, 2015.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  55. ^abHasemyer, David (February 21, 2015)."Documents Reveal Fossil Fuel Fingerprints on Contrarian Climate Research".Inside Climate News.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
[edit]
  • Business data for Southern Company:
  • DOE guarantee press info
  • PR Newswire release
  • Southern Company Media Room
  • Official website
  • Forbes Global 2000 Biggest CompaniesUtility Industry
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