Spondias
| Spondias | |
|---|---|
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| FruitingSpondias mombin | |
Scientific classification
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Spondiadoideae |
| Genus: | Spondias L. |
| Type species | |
| Spondias mombin L.(1753)
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| Species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Spondiasis a genus offlowering plantsin thecashewfamily,Anacardiaceae.The genus consists of 17 described species, 7 of which are native to theNeotropicsand about 10 are native totropical Asia.They are commonly namedhog plums,Spanish plums,CiruelasinCuba,libasinBikoland in some casesgolden applesfor their brightly colored fruit which resemble anappleor smallplumat a casual glance. They are only distantly related to apple and plum trees, however. A more unequivocal common name ismombins.
A theory regarding the name of the city ofBangkok,Thailand is that the name is derived fromThai:-มะกอกน้ำ;RTGS:makok nam'water olive', theThainame for the fruit ofSpondias dulcis.[2]In Cambodia,Spondias pinnatais called /pɷːn siː pʰlaɛ/ (ពោនស៊ីផ្លែ) or /məkaʔ prẹj/ (ម្កាក់ព្រៃ),[3]andSpondias dulcissimply /məkaʔ/ (ម្កាក់).Spondias pinnatais calledPulicha kaaiin the Tamil language, which means "sour fruit." It is also called "Amate Kaai" in theKannada language,AmbadeinTuluandKonkani.In Sri Lanka it is calledAmberella.InBangladeshit is known asAamra(আমড়া) and when served with seasonings it is a very popular street food.
Description
[edit]They aredeciduousorsemi-evergreentreesgrowing to 25 m tall. Theleavesare spirally arranged,pinnate,rarely bipinnate or simple. Thefruitis adrupesimilar to a smallmango(in the related genusMangifera), 4–10 cm long, ripening yellow or orange. It has a singleseed.[citation needed]
TheMalesianspecies ofSpondiaswere revised byDing Houin 1978.[4]The most recently recognized species,Spondias testudinis,was described in 1998.[5]
As food
[edit]
About 10 species ofSpondiasbear edible fruits and have been domesticated for fruit production. These fruits are also consumed by herbivorous mammals such as deer.[citation needed]
In theWestern GhatsofKarnatakaflower buds and tender fruits are used in pickle preparation. InThai cuisineboth the fruits and the tender leaves are eaten. In Odisha its called ambada, the fruit is used as a souring agent in curries.[citation needed]
Selected species
[edit]As of January 2024[update],Plants of the World onlineaccepts 18 species:[1]
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Selected synonyms include:
- Spondias cythereaSonn.— synonym ofSpondias dulcis
- Spondias haplophyllaAiry Shaw & Forman— synonym ofBouea oppositifolia(Roxb.) Meisn.
- Spondias indica(Wight & Arn.) Airy Shaw & Forman— synonym ofSolenocarpus indicusWight & Arn.
- Spondias lakonensisPierre— synonym ofAllospondias lakonensis(Pierre) Stapf
References
[edit]- ^abSpondias L. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science,retrieved1 January2024
- ^"ชั้นและตำบลที่ตั้งวัด"Archived2011-06-23 at theWayback Machine,watarun.org,accessed March 29, 2011.
- ^LETI, Mathieu, HUL Sovanmoly, Jean-Gabriel FOUCHÉ, CHENG Sun Kaing, Bruno DAVID,Flore photographique du Cambodge,Paris: Privat, 2013, p. 63.
- ^Flora Malesianaseries 1, 8(3):395-577.
- ^John D. Mitchell and Douglas C. Daly. 1998. "The" tortoise's cajá "- a new species ofSpondias(Anacardiaceae) from southwestern Amazonia "Brittonia50( ):447-451.
External links
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Media related toSpondiasat Wikimedia Commons
Data related toSpondiasat Wikispecies
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