Sporgery

Sporgeryis the disruptive act of posting a flood of articles to aUsenetnewsgroup,with the article headers falsified so that they appear to have been posted by others. The word is aportmanteauofspamandforgery,coined by German software developer, and critic ofScientology,Tilman Hausherr.

Sporgery resemblesIRC flooding,which is also intended to disrupt a forum. However, sporgery is not merely disruptive but also deceptive orlibellousbecause it involves falsifying the headers of objectionable posts so they appear to originate from newsgroup regulars. The purpose is not merely to jam the forum, but also to sully the reputations of its regular users by falsely signing their names to offensive posts.

According to internet security companyESET,sporgery was one of the vulnerabilities of the Usenet model which "probably contributed to a decline in [its] general use".

Origins in alt.religion.scientology

The wordsporgerywas coined in the newsgroupalt.religion.scientology,an Internet newsgroup where people discuss the controversial belief system of Scientology. One of the various actions of the"war" between Scientology and the Internetinvolved various individuals who had posted more than a million forged newsgroup articles to the newsgroup, using the message headers (valid names and e-mail addresses) of articles written by Scientology critics and other legitimate posters, and appending to those headers the bodies of other articles harvested fromracistnewsgroups. The result was to flood the newsgroup with over one million forged articles that made the other posters appear to be hateful "racist bigots". Critics accused Scientology of planning and conducting the spam flood, but the organization denied this.

The apparent intent of this attack was to render the newsgroup useless for discussion and criticism of Scientology. Another purpose may have been to lower the reputation of the posters so that people would not take their criticisms of Scientology seriously.

At the peak of this attack, the attackers had six computers posting sporgeries into the newsgroup, dumping into USENET an average of 170 megabytes in 44,075 articles every month. From October 1998 to September 1999, 1,462,390,911 sporgery bytes were detected: that figure does not include the sporgery which was canceled (deleted from USENET) before it could propagate. Just before the sporgery attack ended, the sporgery resulted in more than 90% of the newsgroup's traffic.

To accomplish the sporgery attack, the spammers used several methods to acquire Internet access. OpenNNTPservers were used when available, to such an extent that a great many had to be closed by their owners. When open NNTP servers eventually became scarce, openproxieswere used. These proxies allowed Scientology partisans to use someone else's computer hardware to sporge. Because default security policies in many proxy server products at the time (late 1990s) were lax, many such proxies were available for abuse. Since that time, open proxies have become the most popular resource for otherspammersto abuse, eclipsing open relays and other insecure hosts.

The third method used to acquire newsgroup posting access, and the method used the most, was to use volunteers to go out and buyInternet dialup accessfrom anInternet service providerusing a false name and address, and using cash or a money order. They were given a large amount of cash and air fare to fly to a city specifically to acquire Internet access for later use in sporging. One such volunteer,Tory Bezazian,later left Scientology and confessed to performing this task, giving the names of the Scientology staff members who were allegedly in charge of the sporgery project.

The sporgery attack against alt.religion.scientology ended a few months after the name and address of one of the perpetrators was acquired by one of the victims, at which time the United StatesFederal Bureau of Investigationgot involved. No indictments were made, nor were there any arrests.

Other sporgery attacks

Since the emergence of this technique of disrupting a newsgroup, a few other groups have been targeted this way. One,news.admin.net-abuse.email,is used for discussion ofspammingand other email abuse problems. A person or persons using the pseudonym "Hipcrime"have attacked this and other groups with sporgeries, usually nonsense orDissociated Presstext posted under random names of legitimate posters.Sporgery is also common inwareznewsgroups.

See also

• Scientology versus the internet– War between Scientology and netizensPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Cleanfeed– Usenet spam filter
• Joe job– Unsolicited email with spoofed sender data
• Newsgroup spam– Spam targeting Usenet newsgroups
• Spamming– Unsolicited electronic messages, especially advertisements