Spring steel
| Steels |
|---|
 |
| Phases |
| Microstructures |
| Classes |
| Other iron-based materials |
Spring steelis a name given to a wide range ofsteels[1]used in the manufacture of different products, including swords, saw blades, springs and many more. These steels are generallylow-alloymanganese,medium-carbon steelorhigh-carbon steelwith a very highyield strength.This allows objects made ofspringsteel to return to their original shape despite significant deflection or twisting.
Grades[edit]
Many grades of steel can be hardened and tempered to increase elasticity and resist deformation; however, some steels are inherently more elastic than others:
| SAE grade (ASTM grade) |
Composition | Yield strength | Hardness (HRC) | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical | Maximum | ||||
| 1070 | 0.65-0.75% C, 0.60-0.90% Mn, max.050% S, max.040% P | Normally supplied annealed | 165vpn | 180vpn | CS70, CK67, C70E |
| 1074/1075[2] | 0.70–0.80%C,0.50–0.80%Mn,max. 0.030%P,max. 0.035%S[3] | 62–78 ksi (430–540 MPa)[4] | 44–50[5] | 50 | Scaleless blue, or Polished Bright |
| 1080(A228) | 0.7–1.0% C, 0.2–0.6% Mn, 0.1–0.3% Si[6] | Piano wire,music wire, springs, clutch discs | |||
| 1095 (A684)[2] | 0.90–1.03% C, 0.30–0.50% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S[7] | 60–75 ksi (410–520 MPa), annealed | 48–51[5] | 59 | Blue, or polished bright spring steel |
| 5160 (A689)[8] | 0.55–0.65% C, 0.75–1.00% Mn, 0.70–0.90%Cr[9] | 97 ksi (670 MPa) | 63 | Chrome-silicon spring steel; fatigue-resistant | |
| 50CrV4 (EN 10277) | 0.47–0.55% C, max. 1.10% Mn, 0.90–1.20% Cr, 0.10–0.20%V,max. 0.40%Si | 170 ksi (1,200 MPa) | Old British735 H1steel, SAE 6150, 735A51 | ||
| 9255 | 0.50–0.60% C, 0.70–0.95% Mn, 1.80–2.20% Si[9] | ||||
| 301 spring-tempered stainless steel[10] |
0.08–0.15% C, max. 2.00% Mn, 16.00–18.00% Cr, 6.00–8.00% Ni[9] | 147 ksi (1,010 MPa) | 42 | Equivalents EN 10088-2 1.4310, X10CrNi18-8 | |
Applications[edit]
 | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(March 2009) |
- Applications includepiano wire(also known as[11]music wire) such asASTM A228(0.80–0.95% carbon),spring clamps,antennas,springs(e. g. vehicle coil springs or leaf springs), and s-tines.
- Spring steel is commonly used in the manufacture of swords with rounded edges for training[12]or stage combat,[13]as well as sharpened swords for collectors and live combat.
- Spring steel is one of the most popular materials used in the fabrication oflockpicksdue to its pliability and resilience.
- Tubular spring steel is used in the landing gear of some small aircraft due to its ability to absorb the impact of landing.
- It is frequently used in the making ofknives,machetes, and other edged tools.
- It is a key component in electrician'sfish tape.
- It is used inbinder clips.
- Used extensively in shims due to its resistance to deformation in low thicknesses.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Engineering.com (23 October 2006)."Springs".
- ^abMcMaster-Carr catalog(116th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 3630,retrieved3 September2010.
- ^"74-75 Carbon Spring Steel".Precision Steel Warehouse.Retrieved5 December2013.
- ^"SAE-AISI 1074 (G10740) Carbon Steel".MakeItFrom.com.Retrieved21 August2015.
- ^abhttp://www.admiralsteel.com/pdf/catalog.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^"ASTM A228 (SWP-A, K08500) Music Wire".MakeItFrom.com.Retrieved21 August2015.
- ^"95 Carbon Spring Steel".Precision Steel Warehouse.Archived fromthe originalon 6 July 2013.Retrieved5 December2013.
- ^McMaster-Carr catalog(116th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 3632,retrieved3 September2010.
- ^abcOberg, Erik, and F D. Jones.Machinery's Handbook.15th ed. New York: The Industrial Press, 1956. 1546–1551. Print.
- ^McMaster-Carr catalog(116th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 3662,retrieved3 September2010.
- ^Oberg et al. 2000,p. 286.
- ^Store, SBG Sword."Kingston Arms".SBG Sword Store.Retrieved17 May2022.
- ^"Arnold Stage Combat Sword".Buying a Sword.Retrieved17 May2022.
Bibliography
- Oberg, Erik; Franklin D. Jones; Holbrook L. Horton; Henry H. Ryffel (2000). Christopher J. McCauley; Riccardo Heald; Muhammed Iqbal Hussain (eds.).Machinery's Handbook(26th ed.). Ratnagiri: Industrial Press Inc.ISBN0-8311-2635-3.