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Saint David's Day

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Saint David's Day
Stained glass depiction of Saint David, designed byWilliam Burges,atCastell Coch,Cardiff
Official nameDydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant
Observed byWales
Welsh people
Welsh diaspora
Anglican Communion
Catholic Church
TypeNational
CelebrationsChildren participate in aneisteddfod
ObservancesParades
Wearing Welsh emblems
Date1 March
FrequencyAnnual

Saint David's Day(Welsh:Dydd Gŵyl Dewi SantorDydd Gŵyl Dewi[ˈdɨːðˌɡuːɨ̯lˌdɛu̯.iˈsant,ˈdiːð̩ɡʊi̯lˌdɛu̯.i]), or theFeast of Saint David,is thefeast dayofSaint David,thepatron saintofWales,and falls on 1 March, the date of Saint David's death in 589 AD.

Traditional festivities include wearingdaffodilsandleeks,recognised symbols of Wales and Saint David, respectively, eating traditional Welsh food includingcawl,and women wearingtraditional Welsh dress.An increasing number of cities and towns across Wales, includingCardiff,Swansea,andAberystwythalso put on parades throughout the day.

The day is not apublic holidayin Wales, which has prompted calls for aSt David's Day to be a bank holiday in Walesand some organisations designating unofficial celebrations.

The feast has been regularly celebrated since thecanonisationof David in the 12th century byPope Callixtus II.

Significance of the day[edit]

Main article:Saint David

Saint David (Welsh:Dewi Sant) was born inCaerfai,southwest Wales into an aristocratic family.[1][2]He was reportedly ascionof the royal house of Ceredigion,[3]and founded a Celtic monastic community at Glyn Rhosyn (The Vale of Roses) on the western headland of Pembrokeshire (Welsh:Sir Benfro) at the spot whereSt Davids Cathedralstands today.[4]

David's fame as a teacher and hisasceticismspread amongCeltic Christians,and he helped found about 1200 monasteries.[1]His foundation at Glyn Rhosyn became an important Christianshrine,[5]and the most important centre in Wales. The date of Saint David's death is believed to be 1 March 589.[6]His final words to the community of monks were: "Brothers be ye constant. Theyokewhich with single mind ye have taken, bear ye to the end; and whatsoever ye have seen with me and heard, keep and fulfil. "[7]

For centuries, 1 March has been a national festival. Saint David was recognised as a national patron saint in the 12th century[2]at the peak of Welsh resistance to the Normans.[8]He was canonised byPope Callixtus IIin 1120. The 17th-century diaristSamuel Pepysnoted how Welsh celebrations in London for Saint David's Day would spark wider counter-celebrations amongst their English neighbours: life-sized effigies of Welshmen were symbolically lynched,[9]and by the 18th century the custom had arisen of confectioners producing "taffies" —gingerbreadfigures baked in the shape of a Welshman riding a goat—on Saint David's Day.[10]

In the poemArmes Prydein(The Prophesy of Britain), composed in the early to mid-10th century, the anonymous author prophesies that the Cymry (theWelsh people) will unite and join an alliance of fellow-Celts[11]to repel the Anglo-Saxons, under the banner of Saint David:A lluman glân Dewi a ddyrchafant( "And they will raise the pure banner of Dewi" ).[12]Although there were occasional Welsh uprisings in the Middle Ages, the country was briefly united by various Welsh princes before its conquest[13]at different times, and it arguably had a very short period of independence during the rising of Owain Glyndŵr, but Wales as a whole was never an independent kingdom for long.Henry Tudor, 2nd Earl of Richmond,who was born inPembroke Castleas a patrilineal descendant of theTudor Dynasty of North Wales,becameKingHenry VII of Englandafter his victory overRichard IIIat theBattle of Bosworth Fieldin 1485, to end theWars of the Roses.[14]Henry's green and white banner with a red dragon became a rallying point for Welsh patriotism with the memory of Saint David on his Feast Day. Henry was the first monarch of theHouse of Tudor,and during the reign of that dynasty, the royal coat of arms included theWelsh Dragon,a reference to the monarch's origin. The banner from Henry's victory was not adopted as the officialFlag of Walesuntil 1959.[15]Theflag of Saint David,however, a golden cross on a black background, was not part of the symbolism of House of Tudor.[16]

Proposals for a public holiday[edit]

Main article:Proposed St David's Day bank holiday

UnlikeSaint Patrick's Dayin Ireland, Saint David's Day is not a national holiday, though there isstrong support for itbecoming abank holidayin Wales. In the past, schools have taken a half-day holiday, which continues in some parts of Wales. Saint David's Day is also celebrated in expatriate Welsh communities outside the UK.[1]Cross-party support resulted in theNational Assembly for Walesvoting unanimously to make Saint David's Day a public holiday in 2000. A poll conducted for Saint David's Day in 2006 found that 87% of people in Wales wanted it to be a bank holiday, with 65% prepared to sacrifice a different bank holiday to achieve this.[17]A petition in 2007 to make Saint David's Day a bank holiday was rejected by the office of the British Prime MinisterTony Blair.[18]In 2022 Gwynedd County Council voted to make the day a paid public holiday for their staff.[19]

Saint David's Day events[edit]

Cardiff[edit]

Around Wales each year, Saint David is commemorated in parades, the largest of which is inCardiff.The parade is a non-military celebration of Welsh heritage and culture.[20]

To mark Saint David's Day and their return from a six-month tour of Afghanistan, soldiers from theRoyal Welsh Regimentprovided theChanging of the Guardceremony atCardiff Castle's south gate on 27 and 28 February 2010.[21]

On 1 March 2010, the seventh National Saint David's Day Parade occurred inCardiff city centre.Celebrations included concerts, a parade, and a food festival. The food festival ran from 26 February with the third annual Really Welsh Food Festival inQueen Street,featuring all-Welsh produce.[22][23]Following the parade, several Welsh entertainers performed and in the eveningCardiff Central Libraryprovided free entertainment and food.[23]

Other locations[edit]

2017 Saint David's Day celebrations,Aberystwyth

Many towns now hold an annual parade through the town centre. Concerts are held in pubs, clubs, and other venues.[1]In the town ofColwyn Bayin north Wales, an annual parade through the town centre is now held with several hundred citizens and schoolchildren participating. Other events are centred on the parade.[24]

Swanseainaugurated a "St David's Week" festival in 2009 with a range of musical, sporting, and cultural events held throughout the city to mark the national day.[25][26][27]For 2018, the city followed St David's Day celebrations with a two-day food festival.[28]

Disneyland Parisalso organises yearly events to celebrate Saint David's Day, which includes a Welsh-themed week, fireworks, parades, and Disney characters dressed in traditional Welsh attire.[29]

Washington, DCholds a St. David's Day congressional reception at theUnited States Capitolin honour of theFirst Minister of Wales' biannual visits.[30]

TheLos Angeles St. David's Day Festival– National Day of Wales is the largest annual event of its kind in the United States, encompassing aneisteddfod,Celticmarketplace, classes, and a concert.[31]

Traditions[edit]

Water inSwansea Castle Squarefountain dyed red for Saint David's Day

Children in Wales participate in school concerts oreisteddfodau,with recitation and singing as the main activities. Formerly, schoolchildren were given a half-day holiday. Officially this custom does not continue, although the practice can vary between schools.[1]The younger girls sometimes weartraditional Welsh costumesto school. This costume includes a long woollen skirt, apron, white blouse, woollen shawl, and aWelsh hat.[1]

Also, various WelshRegimentsof theBritish Armyuse aspects of Saint David's cross, Saint David himself, or songs of Saint David in their formalities during the celebrations. Many Welsh people wear one or both of theNational symbols of Walesto celebrate St. David: thedaffodil(a generic Welsh symbol) or theleek(Saint David's personal symbol) on this day.[1]The leek arises when a troop of Welsh could distinguish each other from a troop of English enemy (some historical accounts indicate Saxon invading forces), dressed similarly, by wearing leeks.[32]

Theflag of Saint Davidoften plays a central role in the celebrations and can be seen flying throughout Wales. Popular dishes traditionally eaten on Saint David's Day includecawl(soup),bara brithtea loaf,Welsh Cakes,Welsh lambandWelsh rarebit.[1]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdefgh"St David's Day 2017: everything you need to know about Wales' patron saint".The Daily Telegraph.28 February 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2017.Retrieved28 February2017.
  2. ^ab"St David (?-589)".BBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 13 March 2017.Retrieved28 February2017.
  3. ^Jenkins, Simon (2008).Wales: churches, houses, castles.Allen Lane. p. 125.
  4. ^Hilling, John (1976).The historic architecture of Wales: an introduction.University of Wales Press. p. 39.ISBN978-0-708-30626-0.
  5. ^"St Davids Cathedral: A Brief History".stdavidscathedral.org.Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2017.Retrieved28 February2017.
  6. ^Gwyndaf, Robin; Jones, Margaret Dorothy (1989).Welsh Folk Tales / Chwedlau gwerin Cymru.Welsh Folk Museum. p. 47.
  7. ^"St David's Day marked with Welsh Google Doodle".The Daily Telegraph.1 March 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 1 March 2017.Retrieved28 February2017.
  8. ^The New Encyclopaedia Britannica.Vol. 29. 2003. p. 134.ISBN978-0-852-29961-6.{{cite encyclopedia}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  9. ^"Samuel Pepys' Diary 1667".Pepys.info.Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2013.Retrieved1 March2013.
  10. ^Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000).Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore.Oxford:Oxford University Press.pp. 307–8.
  11. ^Koch, John T. (2006). "Armes Prydein".Celtic Culture: A-Celti.Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia.Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.ISBN9781851094400.
  12. ^Williams, Ifor, ed. (1955),Armes Prydein,University of Wales Press,p. line 129
  13. ^Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
  14. ^Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna (2008).The Welsh Academy encyclopaedia of Wales.University of Wales Press. p. 455.ISBN978-0-708-31953-6.{{cite encyclopedia}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  15. ^Matthews, Rupert (2012).Wales, A Very Peculiar History.Andrews UK Limited. pp. 12–13.ISBN978-1-908-75922-1.
  16. ^"Flag of St David".BBC Wales History.31 January 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 4 May 2017.Retrieved28 February2017.
  17. ^Thomas, Guto (1 March 2006)."Poll backs St David's Day holiday".BBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 30 November 2008.Retrieved1 March2008.
  18. ^Sands, Katie (1 March 2016)."7 reasons St David's Day should be a national holiday".WalesOnline.Retrieved20 June2020.
  19. ^"'Not a colony': Welsh council defies London to declare St David's Day holiday ".the Guardian.18 January 2022.Retrieved19 January2022.
  20. ^"St David's Day Parade in Cardiff".stdavidsday.org.Archivedfrom the original on 14 February 2017.Retrieved28 February2017.
  21. ^"Soldiers Go Marching on for St David's Day".WalesOnline.1 March 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2010.Retrieved2 March2010.
  22. ^"Cardiff's St David's Day Celebrations".WalesOnline.12 February 2010.Retrieved2 March2010.
  23. ^ab"Sun Shines on St David's Day Parade".WalesOnline.2 March 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2012.Retrieved2 March2010.
  24. ^youtube.comVideo of 2007 Colwyn Bay St. David's Day Parade
  25. ^"St David's Week in Swansea".Saintdavidsday.com. Archived fromthe originalon 6 October 2011.Retrieved2 March2012.
  26. ^"St David's Day last a whole week in Swansea"(Press release). City and County of Swansea. 9 January 2009.Retrieved7 March2023– via PRLOG.
  27. ^Events List 2009[dead link]
  28. ^Rees, Mark (22 February 2018)."There'll be a massive St David's Day party in Swansea".WalesOnline.Retrieved22 February2018.
  29. ^"St. David's Welsh Festival Celebrations Disneyland Paris".Enterthemagic.com. Archived fromthe originalon 28 January 2013.Retrieved1 March2013.
  30. ^"First Minister Carwyn Jones off on three-day US visit ahead of St David's Day".25 February 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 24 March 2017.Retrieved23 March2017.
  31. ^"The 2013 Los Angeles St David's Festival – National Day of Wales – Welsh Icons News".Welshicons.org.uk. 12 April 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 28 January 2013.Retrieved1 March2013.
  32. ^"Dydd Dewi Sant".Davidmorgan.com.Archivedfrom the original on 13 February 2013.Retrieved1 March2013.

External links[edit]

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