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St Davids

Coordinates:51°52′55″N5°16′08″W/ 51.882°N 5.269°W/51.882; -5.269
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This article is about the city in Wales. For other uses, seeSaint David (disambiguation).

St Davids
City
Map
St Davids is located in Pembrokeshire
St Davids
St Davids
Location withinPembrokeshire
Area17.96 sq mi (46.5 km2) (community)
0.30 sq mi (0.78 km2)
(urban area)
Population1,751 (2021) (community)
•Density97/sq mi (37/km2)
OS grid referenceSM755255
•Cardiff90 mi (140 km)
•London220 mi (350 km)
Community
Principal area
Preserved county
CountryWales
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townHAVERFORDWEST
Postcode districtSA62
Dialling code01437
PoliceDyfed-Powys
FireMid and West Wales
AmbulanceWelsh
UK Parliament
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament
Websitestdavids.gov.uk
List of places
UK
Wales
Pembrokeshire
51°52′55″N5°16′08″W/ 51.882°N 5.269°W/51.882; -5.269

St DavidsorSt David's[1][2](Welsh:Tyddewi,[tiːˈðɛwi],lit."David'shouse”) is acathedralcity[3]inPembrokeshire,Wales.It lies on theRiver Alunand is part of thecommunityofSt Davids and the Cathedral Close.[4]It is the resting place ofSaint David,Wales'spatron saint,and named after him.

St Davids is the United Kingdom'ssmallest cityby population (number of residents within the wider community was 1,751 in 2021[5]) andurban area,however it is not the smallest city bylocal authorityboundary area (which is theCity of London). St Davids was givencity statusin the 12th century. This does not derive automatically, but in England and Wales was traditionally given to cathedral towns under practices laid down in the early 1540s, whenHenry VIIIfoundeddioceses.City status was lost in 1886, but restored in 1994 at the request ofQueen Elizabeth II.

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]
The landscape around St Davids is scattered with ancient monuments, such as thisMenhirnear St Non's chapel.

Although the surrounding landscape is home to a number ofPalaeolithic,Bronze AgeandIron Agesites, archaeological evidence suggests that Pembrokeshire was not heavily occupied by theRomans.As such, only one or two names inPtolemy'sGeographiahave been linked to the whole county.[6]

Following theRoman withdrawal from Britain,the area that would become St Davids was known inEcclesiastical LatinasMenevaorMeneviaand inWelshasMynyw.Some medieval texts state that the area was home to a cell, church or monastery founded bySaint Patrickaround the year 470 AD, years before the birth of Saint David.[7]

Age of David

[edit]
TheAfon Alunin modern times, where Saint David founded his church and monastery

David is said to have been born toSaint Nonaround 500 AD, at the place where theChapel of St Nonnow stands. He was baptised bySaint ElvisatPorthclais,and was brought up by his mother atLlanon.He may also have been educated at the"Ty Gwyn",Whitesands bySaint Paulinus.David is thought to have founded an earlier community somewhere to the west of modern St Davids, before establishing a new church and monastery at a place then known as "Glyn Rhosyn" on the banks of theAfon Alun(where the current Cathedral now stands).[8]

During his life, David gained great fame throughout theCeltic churchand was a key figure in the fight against thePelagian Heresy.At theSynod of Brefiin 545 AD, SaintDubricius(who held two Bishoprics, Caerleon andLlandaff) is said to have freely given David the ancientMetropolitan Seeof Caerleon.[9]It is also implied that in transferring the See from Caerleon, David also transferred an important royal court. TheWelsh Triadsname "Mynyw" as the seat of "one of the three Tribal Thrones of the island of Britain" (the other courts beingCelliwigandPen Rhionydd). The entry states that the court hadArthuras Chief Prince, "Dewi" as the Chief Bishop, and "Maelgwn Gwynedd"as Chief Elder.[10]Indeed,Geoffrey of Monmouthwould describe David as "The pious archbishop of Legions, at the city of Menevia" (Caerleon's name in both Welsh and Latin means "The city of Legions" ).[11]

Medieval pilgrim site

[edit]

The ecclesiastical settlement would become known asTyddewi(House of David) and was a famous centre of pilgrimage early in its history, attracting both foreign pilgrims of status and numerousVikingattacks by the ninth century. Its scholastic community was also famous throughout the Celtic world and inAnglo-Saxon England.WhenAlfred the Greatwanted to establish a centre of learning at his court, he requestedAsserius Menevensis,(Asser of St Davids) to join them. At that time, Asser had lived all his life at St Davids, being raised,tonsured,trained and ordained there. Yet Alfred's desire to secure his service was such that he acquiesced to a number of delays and requests before finally agreeing that Asser could split his time between Alfred's court and St David's.[12][13]

The cult of Saint David was actively encouraged by the cathedral's pre-Norman Bishops, especiallySulienandRhigyfarch,who would writeVita sancti Davidis episcopi,the standardVitaof the saint.[14]

St Davids depicted on Speed's 1610 map of Wales

As theNormans advanced into Pembrokeshire,the city became amarcherborough, and the newhundredwas named "Dewisland".The cathedral was rebuilt during the Norman era and much of the earliest sections that are still extant, date back to the twelfth century. However, it is thought that this cathedral would have followed the layout of medieval structure and it continued to host its many ancient relics, including the remains of David.[15]

At its height, the city was visited by manypilgrims,including noblemen and kings such asWilliam the Conquerorin 1077,Henry IIin 1171, andEdward IandQueen Eleanorin 1284.[7]Pope Calixtus IIdecreed that two pilgrimages to St Davids were equivalent to one toRome( "Roma semel quantum dat bis Menevia tantum"). This allowed a vast income to be raised from visiting pilgrims in theMiddle Ages.[16]

Decline

[edit]

TheReformationsaw both the income and importance of St Davids begin to fade as pilgrimages fell out of favour; this was exacerbated by the appointment of a number of English Bishops who were seemingly less concerned with the welfare of the cathedral or the city. Perhaps most infamously,BishopWilliam Barlowsold the lead from the roof of the Bishop's Palace in 1536, beginning a long period of neglect for St Davids.[17]

Barlow had the Bishop's chief residence moved toAbergwili,Carmarthenshirein 1542 and St Davids continued to decline. In 1603, the antiquarianGeorge Owendescribed the city as one of five Pembrokeshire boroughs overseen by aportreeve.[18]The seventeenth century, saw two separate bishops apply for licences to demolish some of the city's ancient buildings, and the Bishop's palace was now considered "beyond repair".[19]

By the 19th century, only the Cathedral itself seemed to retain the city's former glory, as described in thePenny Cyclopaedia:[7]

At present its appearance is that of a poor village, the houses, excepting those of the clergy, being in a ruinous state. The locality is lonely, and the neighbouring district wild and unimproved; but it is still an interesting place as the seat of a large episcopal see, with a fine cathedral and the remains of other magnificent religious edifices.

Modern city

[edit]
Cross Square, St Davids in 1971

The unique nature of the cathedral and the city was evident as late as the twentieth century. Following thedisestablishmentof theChurch in Walesin 1920, the Cathedral Close was allowed to operate as its own civil parish, separate from that of the adjacent city for the next 50 years.

With better transport links and the advent of tourism, the city prospered once more in the later twentieth century, with the city's 210listed buildingsmaking it a destination for walkers, tourists and modern pilgrims.[20]Many of the ancient buildings, including theBishop's Palace,are today maintained byCadwand open to the public.[21]

Geography

[edit]
Map of St. Davids in Pembrokeshire, Wales, demonstrating the size of the settlement, compared to its wider city boundary. Also indicated are isolated hamlets and offshore islands.
Community/city boundaries
Main settlement area

The community council area sits at the southern end of the Irish Sea on apeninsula,betweenCardigan Bay,St George's ChannelandSt Brides Bay.It covers not just the mainland area, but also several islands off the coast, of whichRamsey Islandis the largest and the only one inhabited, separated by the Ramsey Sound. The most westerly mainland point of Wales is atPen Dal-aderyn.To the north lieWhitesands BayandSt Davids Head,which are locally notable landscape features. The community includes the former chapelries atSt Justinianand Gwrhyd.[22]The mainland contains much area used for farming, but contains very small scattered residences and several campsites.

St Davids Lifeboat Station,at St Justinian, has saved an estimated 360 people since the first lifeboat was located there in 1869; four lifeboatmen have died while saving others.[23]TheIrish Seaincludes a large number of offshore rocks and islands and is notorious for strong tides.[24]The entire coastline around St Davids forms part of thePembrokeshire Coast National Park.Saint Non's Well overlooks thePembrokeshire Coast PathandSt Brides Bay.St David's Airfield,although named after the city when opened in 1943,[25]is in the neighbouring community ofSolva.The highest point isCarn Llidiat 181 metres (594 ft).

City status

[edit]
See also:City status in the United KingdomandList of smallest cities in the United Kingdom

In the 16th century, a town wasrecognised as a cityby theEnglish Crownif it had adiocesan cathedralwithin its limits, along with a royal charter or borough privileges. This link was abolished in 1888,[26]and amid prior borough reorganisation (seeGovernancebelow),[27]St Davids lost the right to call itself a city. In 1991, St Davids town council proposed that a case for city status, which the residents had long considered it to have anyway, should be promoted in connection with the 40th anniversary of the coronation ofQueen Elizabeth II,and in 1992 theHome Officeagreed to refer the matter toBuckingham Palace.In 1994, at the Queen's request, St Davids was again granted city status along with the Northern Irish town ofArmagh,"in recognition of their important Christian heritage and their status as cities in the last century".[26]Theletters patentconferring city status were issued on 16 September 1994.[28]The following year the Queen visited to formally present the letters patent in a ceremony at St Davids Cathedral on 1 June 1995.[29]

The award of city status is typically granted to alocal authority,[30]whose administrative area is then considered to be the formal borders of the city. By this definition, the whole community area of St Davids and the Cathedral Close, including the settlement of St Davids, its surrounding rural area, and islands off the coast, is considered to be within the city. St Davids contains the lowest population of all the cities of the UK, and has the smallest urban area, at 0.23 sq mi (0.60 km2). However, with the formal city area defined by its community council extent of 17.93 sq mi (46.4 km2), this sizeable expanse including offshore islands mean that several UK cities are smaller in area, with the City of London being the smallest at 1.12 sq mi (2.9 km2). In Wales, St Davids is the third smallest after the community areas ofSt Asaphwith 2.49 sq mi (6.4 km2) andBangorwith 2.79 sq mi (7.2 km2).

Governance

[edit]
St Davids City Hall

St Davids became aboroughin 1115,[31]whenBernard,the first Norman Bishop of St Davids, was granted a charter byHenry Idesignating the lands ofDewislandas aMarcher Lordship.[32]

This gave Bernard wide-reaching powers over this realm, with his headquarters remaining initially at St Davids. However, subsequent Marcher Bishops came to base the administration of Dewisland, including the exchequer, chancery and court, inLlawhadenby the 13th century.[33][32]KingHenry VIIIthen passed theLaws in Wales Acts,which in 1535 and 1542 abolished the status of Marcher Lordships. Dewisland was merged with the adjacentLordship of Kemesand the surroundingLordship of Pembroketo formPembrokeshire,of which Dewisland became a hundred. In 1835 a report from government commissioners investigating municipal corporations determined:

THE city and parish of St. David's is situate in the manor of Dewisland. The Bishop of St. David's isLord of the Manor;and it appears that an officer, called themayor,is annually appointed by the steward, whose duty is to collect certain chief rents to the bishop. The mayor assumes to take certain small tolls by virtue of his office: his right to do this is disputed, but the tolls being very trifling, are frequently paid. The mayor is merely an officer of the Manor Court. A belief exists amongst some of the inhabitants that the city was once a corporation; but there are no burgesses, charter, or other vestige of municipal institutions. The belief has probably arisen from the lord's officer being called a mayor.[34][35]

Under this summary, the borough was considered within the report as "municipal in name only", and non-parliamentary.[36] Any remaining legalities pertaining to the city were removed in 1886, when these were abolished by theMunicipal Corporations Act 1883,with itscorporationdeemed to be long extinct, and the very small population (1,025 residents in 1835)[36]not helping its cause in an age whereboroughs with unrepresentative populationswere being singled out for reform. This act, in turn, appears to have caused the loss of city status, as there was no corporate body available to petition for arenewal of its charter.[27]The subsequent renewal of the status in 1994 (seeCity Statusabove) and the reasons then given conclude that the status was in place until 1886.

The borough lay across two parishes, and by the time of the creation ofregistration districtsin 1837 these were:[37][38]the Cathedral Close of St. David's – theclosesurrounding the cathedral and associated church buildings; and St Davids – the rest of the city and rural areas. These weresplit from the churchinto civil parishes during 1866, electing secular councillors from 1894, converted to Welsh community administrative areas in 1974, and merged in 1987[4]to form the present day St Davids and the Cathedral Close.

St Davids City Council is thecommunity councilbody, which has twelvecouncillors.[39]The City Council employs oneCity Clerkand one Financial Officer.[39]In June 2020 the council elected its firstSikhmayor, Councillor Bira Sehmi, believed also to be the first Sikh mayor in Wales.[40]The council is based atSt Davids City Hallon High Street, which was completed in 1924.[41]

The parishes were part ofHaverfordwestrural sanitary districtfrom 1872, and when parish and district councils were established in 1894 the two parishes were included in theHaverfordwest Rural District.In 1974 the two parishes were changed into communities and placed inPreselidistrict.[42]Preseli was abolished in 1996 under further local government reform and the city presently comes underPembrokeshire County Councilfor all principal government services.

Theelectoral wardofSt Davidselects a county councillor to Pembrokeshire County Council.

Culture

[edit]

Arts

[edit]
The Flag of Saint David (Baner Dewi Sant)

The city hosted theNational Eisteddfodin 2002. The Archbishop-designate of Canterbury, DrRowan Williams,was inducted into theGorsedd of Bards,a historic order of Druids.[43]

Charity

[edit]

The St Davids Penknife Club is a group of people dedicated to voluntary fund raising for local groups and charities.[44]

Sport

[edit]

St Davids has arugby unionclub,St. Davids RFC,which competes in theWelsh Rugby UnionLeague West.[45]

Tourism

[edit]

In addition to the cathedral and 210[20]otherlistedancient buildings and structures, notable features of the city and community include the 14th-century Tower Gate, theCeltic Old Crossand a number of art galleries. St Davids is also a base forwalkingandwater sports.In 2019Consumers' Associationmembers placed St Davids in the top three best value beach destinations in Britain.[46]Whitesands Bay,about two miles (three kilometres) west of St Davids, is a popular water sports resort. It has been described as the bestsurfingbeach in Pembrokeshire and among the best tourist beaches in the world.[47]

Media

[edit]

Television signals are received from thePreseliTV transmitter and the local relay transmitter situated west of the city.[48]

Radio stations are provided byBBC Radio Waleson 95.9 FM which broadcast the local opt-out from its studios inCarmarthen.Other radio stations includingHeart South Waleson 105.7 FM andRadio Pembrokeshireon 102.5 FM, a community based station.

The city is served by the Haverfordwest-based newspaper,Western Telegraph.

Education

[edit]

Ysgol Dewi Sant(St David's School) is the local secondary school covering years 7–13 (aged 11–18).[49]Ysgol Bro Dewi (Dewisland School) is a Voluntary Controlled Primary School, with pupils from Reception to Year 6.

Transport

[edit]

TheA487 road's only non-primary section, betweenFishguardandHaverfordwest,passes through St Davids. Heading southwest from Fishguard, the A487 makes a sharp turn at St Davids, directing travellers eastwards toward Haverfordwest.TrawsCymruConnect route T11 operates eight times a day along this section of A487.[50]

Notable people

[edit]

The following were born in St Davids:

Sport

[edit]
  • Ian Walsh(born 1958), a Wales national association football player.[57]
  • Rowland Phillips(born 1965), a rugby union player for Wales and later rugby league for Wales and Great Britain.[58]
  • Jo Price(born 1985), a Welsh rugby union player and former footballer.
  • Jasmine Joyce(born 1995), a player for Wales women's national rugby union sevens and the British women's sevens team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.[59]

Twin towns

[edit]

St Davids is twinned with:[60]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Parish Headcounts for PembrokeshireArchived10 September 2012 at theWayback Machine(based on 2001 Census) at Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
  2. ^As specified inNew Oxford Dictionary for Writers and EditorsOUP2005. The name is often spelt without apossessive apostrophe,even bySt Davids City CouncilArchived1 December 2005 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^"GENUKI: St David's".Retrieved4 November2020.
  4. ^ab"The Preseli (Communities) Order 1987".legislation.gov.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 10 September 2018.Retrieved9 September2018.Communities 6. In the District as altered....
    (3) the...existing communities of...Cathedral Close of St. David's,...St. Davids,...shall be abolished;
    (4)...new communities to be known as...St. Davids and the Cathedral Close,...shall be constituted;
  5. ^UK Census(2021)."2021 Census Area Profile – St. David's and the Cathedral Close community (W04000466)".Nomis.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved23 February2023.
  6. ^Merrony, Mark (10 November 2019)."Some Thoughts on the Romanization of Pembrokeshire".Pembrokeshire Historical Society Cymdeithas Hanesyddol Sir Penfro.Retrieved18 July2022.
  7. ^abcAnon (1837)."David's, St".The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.7–8.London: Charles Knight and Co.: 317.Retrieved21 June2012.
  8. ^Jones, Rhys James (28 February 1994)."Saint David and Saint David's Day".Archivedfrom the original on 7 June 2012.Retrieved21 June2012.
  9. ^Toke, Leslie Alexander St. Lawrence (1908)."St. David".Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. 4.
  10. ^Rachel Bromwich (editor and translator),Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads,second edition (Cardiff: University of Wales, 1978), Triad 1.
  11. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Dubric".www.newadvent.org.
  12. ^Asser, John (2004).Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources.Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.ISBN9780141909424.
  13. ^Keynes & Lapidge.Alfred the Great.pp. 93–94.
  14. ^Howlett, David (2011). Gameson, Richard (ed.).'Rhygyfarch ap Sulien and Ieuan ap Sulien', in The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, Volume 1: c. 400-1100.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 701–706.
  15. ^Driver, Toby (2008). "4".Pembrokeshire: historic landscapes from the air(Rev ed.). Aberystwyth: Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru/Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.ISBN9781871184334.The westernmost peninsula of Pembrokeshire is dominated by the city and cathedral close of St Davids, spiritual home of the patron saint of Wales, which has stood as a place of religious sanctity and pilgrimage for well over a millennium. In medieval times it was said that two pilgrimages to St Davids were equal to one to Rome. The site of St David's original early Christian community, thought to have lain west of the city, has long been lost to history and archaeology and has passed into the realms of legend. This early community was short-lived, however, and was soon moved inland to the banks of the River Alun where the cathedral stands today. By the ninth century St Davids or Menevia was a famous Welsh monastery and a cult centre for followers of the famous saint. While the earliest sections of the cathedral date back only to the twelfth century, it is thought likely that the layout of the medieval cathedral close wall may have followed the line of the pre-existing religious enclosure.
  16. ^St David's day, PembrokeshireArchived2011-09-27 at theWayback Machineat History.UK.com, 16 February 2003. Retrieved on 1 August 2011
  17. ^Boden, Anthony (2005).Thomas Tomkins: the last Elizabethan.Aldershot: Ashgate Pub. Co. p. 18.ISBN0-7546-5118-5.
  18. ^George Owen,The Description of Penbrokshire by George Owen of Henllys Lord of Kemes,Henry Owen, ed., London, 1892.
  19. ^"St Davids Bishops Palace (21633)".Coflein.RCAHMW.27 October 2008.Retrieved18 May2013.
  20. ^ab"British Listed Buildings: St David's and the Cathedral Close".Retrieved25 February2021.
  21. ^"St Davids Bishop's Palace".Retrieved8 August2022.
  22. ^"Penbrok comitat".British Library.
  23. ^St Davids Lifeboat Station: IntroductionArchived2011-08-11 at theWayback Machineat Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). Accessed 1 August 2011.
  24. ^St Davids Lifeboat StationArchived2011-08-22 at theWayback Machineat Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). Accessed 1 August 2011.
  25. ^"Dyfed Archaeological Trust: St David's Airfield".Retrieved18 June2020.
  26. ^abBeckett, J. V. (2005).City status in the British Isles, 1830–2002.Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 22.ISBN9780754650676.Retrieved31 January2012.
  27. ^ab"Agenda Item No: 5 COMMITTEE REGENERATION AND COMMUNITY OVERVIEW AND SCRUTINY COMMITTEE DATE 4 MARCH 2003 TITLE OF REPORT ROCHESTER CITY STATUS RESPONSIBLE OFFICER Mark Bowen, Assistant Director, Legal and Contract Services"(PDF).democracy.medway.gov.uk.Medway Council.Archived(PDF)from the original on 19 August 2016.Retrieved22 November2019.St. David's in Wales lost City Status through local government re-organisation at the end of the 19th century
  28. ^"Crown Office".London Gazette(53798): 13403. 23 September 1994.Retrieved4 August2022.
  29. ^Alderson, Alf (3 March 2001)."The small city with the big kicks".The Guardian.Guardian News and Media Limited.Archivedfrom the original on 4 February 2014.Retrieved21 June2012.
  30. ^"Corby City Bid"(PDF).corby.gov.uk.Corby Borough Council.Applications may only be made by an elected local authority – normally, in respect of the entire local authority area.
  31. ^"PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT SITE NUN STREET, ST DAVIDS, PEMBROKESHIRE: HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT APPRAISAL"(PDF).haystonplanning.co.uk.Archived(PDF)from the original on 8 September 2018.Retrieved8 September2018.Nothing is known of any civilian settlement prior to 1115 when St Davids was established as a borough, receiving its first charter from King Henry I.
  32. ^abJudgement inCrown Estate Commissioners v (1) Mark Andrew Tudor Roberts (2) Trelleck Estate Ltd: ChD(Mr Justice Lewison), 13 June 2008
  33. ^Brian Howells,Pembrokeshire County History,Volume 2, Haverfordwest, 2002, p. 148.
  34. ^Report on City of St Davids.First report of the commissioners appointed to inquire into the municipal corporations in England and Wales.p. 358.
  35. ^"St Davids Genealogy Resources & Parish Registers | Pembrokeshire".forebears.io.The city [St Davids] is not incorporated, but there is an officer called a mayor or bailiff of court leet, whose duties consist only in collecting the chief rents belonging to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners within the limits of the city, which is co-extensive with the township or division called "Cylch-y-Dref", and to see that no encroachments are made on a common which the inhabitants hold under an old lease from the bishop and chapter; he is therefore merely an officer of the manor court, and the existing belief that the city was once a corporation appears to rest on no trustworthy authority, since "there are no burgesses, charter, or other vestige of municipal institutions."
  36. ^abAppendix – Table 2 – Boroughs – Municipal not parliamentary (30 March 1835).First Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Municipal Corporations in England And Wales. London: C. Knight, 183540.p. 58.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 8 September 2018.Retrieved8 September2018.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. ^"Haverfordwest Registration District".Archivedfrom the original on 8 September 2018.Retrieved8 September2018.
  39. ^ab"City Council".stdavids.gov.uk.
  40. ^"Cllr Bira Sehmi elected first Sikh mayor of St Davids and possibly all of Wales".Tivy-side Advertiser.4 June 2020.Retrieved19 June2020.
  41. ^"Walk 17: St Davids Circular: A Pembrokeshire Pilgrimage from the UK's smallest city".Northamptonshire Walks. 4 September 2014.Retrieved5 June2022.
  42. ^"Haverfordwest RSD through time | Census tables with data for the Sanitary District".visionofbritain.org.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 10 September 2018.Retrieved9 September2018.
  43. ^St Davids and St Davids Cathedral, PembrokeshireArchived7 September 2011 at theWayback Machineat Wales in Style. Accessed on 1 August 2011
  44. ^"St Davids Penknife Club".Retrieved3 July2011.
  45. ^SWALEC League Six WestArchived18 March 2014 at theWayback Machineat Welsh Rugby Union
  46. ^"Best value British beach towns".Consumers Association.Archivedfrom the original on 22 August 2019.Retrieved24 August2019.
  47. ^"Pembrokeshire County Council".19 September 2017. Archived fromthe originalon 20 July 2011.Retrieved2 August2011.
  48. ^"Freeview Light on the St Davids (Pembrokeshire, Wales) transmitter".May 2004.
  49. ^"The Curriculum".Ysgol Dewi Sant website.2014. Archived fromthe originalon 16 January 2014.Retrieved15 January2014.
  50. ^https://traws.cymru/en/services/RBRO/T11
  51. ^A'Becket, John Joseph (1907)."John Asser".In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  52. ^Joseph Foster, ed. (1891)."Baal-Barrow".British History Online.Oxford: Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714. pp. 51–78.Retrieved28 January2020.
  53. ^Davies, W. Ll. (1959).TOMKINS family, musicians.Dictionary of Welsh Biography.Retrieved28 January2020.
  54. ^Cooper, Thompson(1889)."Fenton, Richard".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 18. pp. 326–327.
  55. ^Bonney 1901.
  56. ^"Bafta win for Pembrokeshire-born director Kieran Evans".BBC. 17 February 2014.Retrieved28 January2020.
  57. ^"Ian WALSH – League appearances – Crystal Palace FC".Sporting Heroes.Retrieved2 October2020.
  58. ^"Rowland David Phillips".ESPN scrum.Retrieved2 October2020.
  59. ^"Rio 2016: Wales' biggest overseas Olympic contingent ready for opening ceremony".BBC Sport. 4 August 2016.Retrieved5 August2016.
  60. ^"St Davids City Council – Twin towns".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2015.Retrieved20 September2014.
Attribution

Further reading

[edit]
  • Brian Brendan O'Malley, compiler (1985),A Pilgrim's Manual: St Davids.Marlborough: Paulinus PressISBN0-907740-13-8
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSt David's.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forSt Davids.


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