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Stand by Me (Ben E. King song)

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"Stand by Me"
One of side-A labels of the original 1961 US single
SinglebyBen E. King
from the albumDon't Play That Song!
B-side"On the Horizon" (1961)
"Yakety Yak"bythe Coasters(1986)
Released1961
Recorded1960
Genre
Length2:57
LabelAtco
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • Jerry Leiber
  • Mike Stoller
Ben E. Kingsingles chronology
"First Taste of Love"
(1961) 		"Stand by Me"
(1961) 		"Amor"
(1961)
Official vinyl video
"Stand by Me" by Ben E. KingonYouTube
Ben E. King singles chronology
"Souvenirs of Love"
(1981) 		"Stand by Me"
(1986) 		"Spanish Harlem"
(1987)

"Stand by Me"is a song originally performed in 1961 by American singer-songwriterBen E. Kingand written by him, along withJerry Leiber and Mike Stoller,who together used the pseudonym Elmo Glick. According to King, the title is derived from, and was inspired by, aspiritualwritten bySam CookeandJ. W. Alexandercalled "Stand by Me Father", recorded bythe Soul StirrerswithJohnnie Taylorsinging lead.

It was featured on thesoundtrackof the 1986film of the same name,and a correspondingmusic video,featuring King along with actorsRiver PhoenixandWil Wheaton,was released to promote the film. It was also featured in a 1987 European commercial ofLevi's 501jeans, contributing to greater success in Europe. In 2012, its royalties were estimated to have topped $22.8 million (£17 million), making it the sixth highest-earning song of its era. 50% of the royalties were paid to King.[3]In 2015, King's original version was inducted into theNational Recording Registryby theLibrary of Congress,as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant",[4]just under five weeks before his death. Later in the year, the 2015 lineup ofthe Driftersrecorded it in tribute.

There have been over 400 recorded versions of the song, performed by many artists, notablyOtis Redding,John Lennon,Muhammad Ali,[5]4 the Cause,Tracy Chapman,musicians of thePlaying for Changeproject,Florence and the Machine,Weezer,andthe Kingdom Choir.

Writing and recording[edit]

Ben E. King(pictured in 1990s)originally sang the song, becoming a hit in the US in 1961 and again in 1986.

In 1960, Ben E. King was inspired to update the early 20th-centurygospelhymn "Stand by Me"byCharles Albert Tindley,which was based onPsalm 46,"will not we fear, though the Earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea."[6]According to the documentaryHistory of Rock 'n' Roll,King had no intention of recording the song himself.[7]King had written it forthe Drifters,who passed on recording it. After the "Spanish Harlem"recording session in 1960, King had some studio time left over. The session's producers, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, asked if he had any more songs. King played it on the piano for them. They liked it and called the studio musicians back in to record it.

Stoller recalls it differently:

I remember arriving at our office as Jerry and Ben were working on lyrics for a new song. King had the beginnings of a melody that he was singinga cappella.I went to the piano and worked up the harmonies, developing a bass pattern that became the signature of the song. Ben and Jerry quickly finished the lyrics....[8]

In another interview, Stoller said:

Ben E. had the beginnings of a song—both words and music. He worked on the lyrics together with Jerry, and I added elements to the music, particularly the bass line. To some degree, it's based on a gospel song called "Lord Stand By Me". I have a feeling that Jerry and Ben E. were inspired by it. Ben, of course, had a strong background in church music. He's a 50% writer on the song, and Jerry and I are 25% each.... When I walked in, Jerry and Ben E. were working on the lyrics to a song. They were at an old oak desk we had in the office. Jerry was sitting behind it, and Benny was sitting on the top. They looked up and said they were writing a song. I said, "Let me hear it."... Ben began to sing the song a cappella. I went over to the upright piano and found the chord changes behind the melody he was singing. It was in the key of A. Then I created a bass line. Jerry said, "Man that's it!" We used my bass pattern for a starting point and, later, we used it as the basis for the string arrangement created by Stanley Applebaum.[9]

The personnel on the song included Romeo Penque on sax, Ernie Hayes on piano,Al Caiolaand Charles McCracken on guitars,Lloyd Trotmanon double bass, Phil Kraus on percussion, andGary Chesteron drums, plus a wordless mixed chorus and strings. Songwriting credits on the single were shown as King and Elmo Glick—a pseudonym used by Leiber and Stoller.

Structure[edit]

The song uses a version of the commonchord progressionnow called the'50s progression,which has been called the "'Stand by Me' changes" after the song.[10]

Release and reception[edit]

King's record went to number 1 on the R&B charts[11]and was a Top Ten hit on the US charts twice—in its original release, entering the Billboard chart on May 13, 1961[12]and peaking at number 4 on June 16, 1961, and a 1986 re-release coinciding with its use as the theme song for thefilm of the same namefollowing its appearance in the film, when it peaked at number 9 on December 20, 1986 – January 3, 1987. The song is also heard in the televised advertisement ofLevi's 501jeans. In the commercial, a man wearing a black denim jeans is able to enter a nightclub whose policy is "no blue jeans".[13]"Stand by Me" also topped the charts in Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom upon its re-release. In the latter country, the song topped theUK Singles Chartin January 1987, mostly because of the jeans TV commercial, originally peaking at number 27 on the UK Singles Chart on its original release in Britain in 1961. Originally "Stand by Me" was not released on an album until it had been out as a single for over a year, eventually appearing on King'sDon't Play That Song!album in 1962.

"Stand by Me" was ranked 122nd onRolling Stone's list of the500 Greatest Songs of All Time.In 1999,BMInamed it as the fourth most-performed song of the 20th century, with about seven million performances.[14]On March 27, 2012, theSongwriters Hall of Fameannounced that the song would receive its 2012 Towering Song Award and that King would be honored with the 2012 Towering Performance Award for his recording of it.[15]In February 2019, theSmooth Radionetwork in the United Kingdom called it one "of the best love songs of the 1960s".[16]

"Stand by Me" was inducted into theGrammy Hall of Famein 1998.[17]

Chart performance[edit]

For the year-end charts in the US, the song was the number 63 song of 1961[18]and number 67 of 1987.[19]

Certifications and sales[edit]

Certifications and sales for "Stand by Me"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[51]
physical 		Gold 50,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[52] Platinum 90,000‡
Italy (FIMI)[53]
sales since 2009 		Platinum 100,000‡
Japan (RIAJ)[54]
1991 physical release 		Platinum 100,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[55]
Full-length ringtone 		Gold 100,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[56] 2× Platinum 1,200,000‡
United States
digital sales 		— 1,639,489[57]

*Sales figures based on certification alone.
^Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

John Lennon version[edit]

"Stand by Me"
Side A of a US reissue
SinglebyJohn Lennon
from the albumRock 'n' Roll
B-side"Move Over Ms. L"
ReleasedMarch 10, 1975
Recorded1974
GenreRock and roll
Length3:26
LabelApple
Producer(s)John Lennon
John Lennonsingles chronology
"Number 9 Dream"
(1974) 		"Stand by Me"
(1975) 		"(Just Like) Starting Over"
(1980)
Official music video
"Stand by Me" (Ultimate Mix, 2020) by John LennononYouTube
John Lennonin summer 1975

John Lennonrecorded his version of the song[58]for his 1975 albumRock 'n' Roll.Lennon's remake became a single three weeks after the album's release[59]and was his last hit prior to his five-year retirement from the music industry. Lennon filmed a performance of the song forThe Old Grey Whistle Testin 1975.[60]Cash Boxsaid of it that "John's serenading guitar chords herald this bright new production of one of rockdom's favorites," and that it displays Lennon's "magical, mysterious voice...at his finest."[61]

On the week of May 3, 1975, this version was in its second of two weeks at the peak position number 20 on the US Hot 100, right in front of King's comeback hit "Supernatural Thing – Part I"at number 21. Both tunes fell off the top 40 the next week and off the chart the week after that. Lennon's version stayed on top 100 of theUK Singles Chartfor seven weeks, peaking at number 30 on its fourth week on the week of May 18–24, 1975.[62]It peaked at number 13 on Canada'sRPMTop Singles chart on the week ending May 3, 1975[63]and stayed on the peak position the following week.[64]It peaked at number 11 on theOfficial New Zealand Music Charton the week of July 14, 1975.[65]

The single's B-side track is "Move Over Ms. L", initially intended for Lennon's previous albumWalls and Bridgesbut was cut from the final lineup due to his dissatisfaction with his early takes.[66]Keith Mooncovered "Move Over Ms. L" for his 1975 solo albumTwo Sides of the Moon.[66]

Before the parent album's official release, during Lennon's March 1974 sessions withHarry Nilssonfor Nilsson's albumPussy Cats,Lennon recorded two takes of the song in collaboration with former Beatles memberPaul McCartney.McCartney performed on the drums; Lennon on guitar. The unreleased recordings would eventually be included in a bootleg albumA Toot and a Snore in '74.[67]

Billboardregarded Lennon's version as "the best version since the original."[68]PitchforkwriterMarc Hoganfound Lennon's version "more affecting (just barely)" than the original due to the "acoustic guitar and Lennon's fervent vocals".[69]A 2007 bookThe Words and Music of John Lennonby Ben Urish and Ken Bielen called Lennon's version one of the "stronger" tracks of the album.[59]Journalist and book author Robert Webb in 2013 called this version one of the "greatest cover versions".[70]

Personnel[edit]

Personnel per John Lennon Website[71]

Chart (1975) Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[72] 19
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[73] 13
German Singles Chart 22
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[74] 11
USBillboardHot 100[75] 20
USCashboxTop 100[76] 20
UK Singles(OCC)[77] 30

Mickey Gilley version[edit]

"Stand by Me"
SinglebyMickey Gilley
from the albumUrban Cowboy: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
B-side"Cotton-Eyed Joe"by The Unstrung Heroes
"Here Comes the Hurt Again"(UK)
ReleasedMay 31, 1980
Recorded1980
GenreCountry pop
Length3:35
LabelEpic
Producer(s)Jim Ed Norman
Mickey Gilleysingles chronology
"True Love Ways"
(1980) 		"Stand by Me"
(1980) 		"That's All That Matters"
(1980)

Mickey Gilleyreleased his version of the song in 1980, and it was included in the movieUrban Cowboy.It was his eighth No. 1 on the US country charts and also reached No. 22 on the US Hot 100. This version also peaked at No. 3 in CanadianRPMCountry Singles in September 1980[78]and No. 51 inRPMTop Singles the following month.[79]The song would "become one of Gilley'ssignature songs."[80]

Chart (1980) Peak
position
USHot Country Songs(Billboard)[81] 1
USBillboardHot 100[82] 22
USAdult Contemporary(Billboard)[83] 3
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[84] 3
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[85] 51

Playing for Change version[edit]

External videos
video iconOfficial music videovia verified Playing for Change channel on YouTube

Documentary filmmaker Mark Johnson, who also created thePlaying for Changeproject based on an idea he had in the late 1990s and established the eponymous Foundation, witnessed street performer Roger Ridley (died November 16, 2005) singing "Stand by Me" inSanta Monica, California,in March 2005.[86]

Johnson was inspired to film Ridley's performance[87]and another thirty-six musicians' individual performances of the song "around the world"[88]and then mix the clips into one music video.[87]The music video was featured in an October 2008 episode ofBill Moyers Journal,where Johnson was promoting the documentary filmPlaying for Change: Peace Through Music,[87]which includes the music video and was shown as part of the 2008Tribeca Film Festivalin New York City.[88]The music video was uploaded via the Playing for ChangeYouTubechannel in November 2008, garnering more than 10 million views in May 2009.[88]The total amount of views of the YouTube video increased to more than 24 million in December 2010,[89]30 million in March 2011,[90]40 million in March 2012,[91]50 million in some time between 2012 and 2014,[92]60 million in 2014,[93]74 million in May 2015,[94]100 million in 2017,[95]140[96](or 142[97]) million in March 2020, and 190 million in November 2023.[98]

The musicians' performance of the song would be later included in their 2009 debut albumSongs Around the World.[citation needed]The debut album has nine other tracks, comes with the seven-track bonus DVD, and sold about 26,000 units on its first week, 85% of sales from online sales and "nontraditional retail stores (includingStarbuckslocations) "and 25% from outside the United States.[88]

Prince Royce version[edit]

"Stand by Me"
SinglebyPrince Royce
from the albumPrince Royce
ReleasedJanuary 19, 2010
Recorded2009
GenreBachata
Length3:25
LabelTop Stop Music
Producer(s)Sergio George,Eduardo Aguilar
Prince Roycesingles chronology
"Stand by Me"
(2010) 		"Corazón Sin Cara"
(2010)
Music video
"Stand by Me"onYouTube

Prince Roycerecorded abachataversion of the song as his debut single, changing parts of the lyrics into Spanish. This version peaked number eight on US Hot Latin Tracks and number one on US Tropical Airplay. At theLatin Grammy Awards of 2010,Royce performed the song live along with Ben E. King.[99]Royce's remake received aLo Nuestro awardfor "Tropical Song of the Year".[100]

Royce performed the song live again at a July 2016Philips Arenaconcert inAtlanta,Georgia alongside a male fan,[101]at a 2017Amway Centerconcert inOrlando, Florida,[102]as the second song for the 2019RodeoHoustonconcert,[103]and at the third night of the2020 Democratic National Convention.[104]He also made a dance version for his debut album as well.

Other notable versions[edit]

1960s and 1970s[edit]

Adriano Celentano's 1962 Italian version, "Pregherò" (meaning "I will pray" ) reached number 1 on the Italian charts.[citation needed]

Muhammad Ali(as Cassius Clay) released a version on his 1963 spoken-word/comedy albumI Am the Greatest.Clay's recording was released as the B-side of the eponymous single in 1964,[112]charting on theBillboard"Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles".[113]It was included on the CD Beat Of The Pops Vol 34.

External audio
audio icon"Stand by Me" by Otis ReddingonYouTube

Otis Reddingcovered the song for his 1964 debut albumPain in My Heart;[114]Kenny Lynch's 1964 version stayed on the top 100UK Singles Chartfor seven weeks, peaking at number 39 on the week of May 7–13, 1964, its fourth week.[115]Spyder Turner's 1967 version climbed to number 3 on the USBillboardBlack Singles chart, number 12 on theBillboardHot 100chart,[116]and number 10 in Canada.[117]

DavidandJimmy Ruffin(credited as The Ruffin Brothers) remade the song for their only collaborative albumI Am My Brother's Keeper(1970).[118]Released as a single,[119]the version stayed at its peak position number 61 onBillboardHot 100 for two weeks on the weeks ending November 28 (its sixth week)[120]and December 5, 1970 (seventh week).[121]It also peaked at number 24 onBillboardSoul Singleson the week ending November 21, 1970, its fourth week.[122]

1980s[edit]

External media
Audio
audio icon"Stand by Me" by Maurice WhiteonYouTube(the band Earth, Wind & Fire is credited)
Video
video icon"Stand by Me" by Julian LennononYouTube
video icon"Stand by Me" by Anita Mui (Cantonese)onYouTube

Maurice White's 1985 cover from hisself titled albumreached No. 6 on the USBillboardHot R&B/Hip-Hop Singleschart[123]and No. 11 on the USBillboardAdult Contemporary Songschart.[124]White's version also topped at No. 5 on theRPMCanadian Adult Contemporary Songs chart and No. 8 on theNew Zealand Singleschart.[125][126]

Julian Lennon,son of John Lennon, performed the song at a spring 1985 concert, seen in the 1985 home video releaseStand by Me: A Portrait of Julian Lennon.[127]This version later appeared on thesoundtrackto the 1986 film,Playing for Keeps.U2performed the song withBruce Springsteenat theJohn F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)concert on September 25, 1987, duringthe Joshua Tree Tour.[128]

Anita Muirecorded the Cantonese version for her 1987 Cantonese albumMung Leui Gung Tseui.In 1988, Mui's version was awarded as one of top ten gold songs by Hong Kong telecommunication stationsRTHK[129]and byTVB.[130]After Mui's death in 2003, Hong Kong singers and actorsMiriam Yeung,Denise Ho,Alex To,Edmond Leung,band members ofGrasshopper,Andy Hui,andWilliam Soperformed Mui's version atAnita Mui. 10. Memory. Music. Gather.(Mai diễm phương. 10. Tư niệm. Âm nhạc. Hội), the December 30, 2013, tribute concert for Mui.[131]

1990s[edit]

In a 1995 music video entitledDisney'sTimon & Pumbaain "Stand by Me",[132]Timon performs the song with slightly altered lyrics, while every time Timon sings the chorus, Pumbaa survives physical mishaps and ferocious creatures. A trio of frogs then finish the song at the end.[133]It's the only media in the series to usedigital ink and paint.It was shown beforeTom and Huckin theaters making it the shortest Disney short film in history.

A version of the song was released by American R&B group4 the Causeas their debut single in 1998. It was anumber-one hitin Switzerland, reached number two of the Austrian and German singles charts and number three in New Zealand, and was a top-ten hit in several other countries.[134][135]

2010s[edit]

Tracy Chapmanperformed the song live in 2015 in the final season ofLate Show with David LettermanatLetterman's request. The critical and popular response was very positive, with James Christopher Monger ofAllMusicpraising Chapman's "emotionally pitch-perfect, spotlight-stealing rendition" of the song. Monger further said:

With just her voice and an electric guitar, she managed to simultaneously bring the house down and build it back up again, which is no small feat, even for an artist who has proven herself time and again to be a powerful yet always benevolent force of nature.[136]

A recording of that live performance was released as the final track of Chapman'sGreatest Hitsthe same year.

"Stand by Me"
SinglebyFlorence and the Machine
from the albumSongs From Final Fantasy XV
ReleasedAugust 12, 2016(2016-08-12)
Length4:05
LabelIsland
Producer(s)Benjamin Nelson[137]
Florence and the Machinesingles chronology
"Wish That You Were Here"
(2016) 		"Stand by Me"
(2016) 		"Sky Full of Song"
(2018)
Audio
"Stand by Me" by Florence + The MachineonYouTube

Florence and the Machinerecorded the song for the soundtrack and trailer ofFinal Fantasy XVin 2016.[138][139]The band released its EPSongs from Final Fantasy XVon August 12, containing the band's remake. The cover peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot Rock Singles in December.[140]In February 2017, voice actors ofFinal Fantasy XVRay Chase(Noctis),Adam Croasdell(Ignis),Robbie Daymond(Prompto), andMax Mittelman(Tredd Furia of the 2016 filmKingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV) performed King's song all together while streaming theirFFXVplaythroughin aTwitchlivestream video, viewed by almost 800 users.[141][142]

External videos
video icon"Stand by Me" by Skylar GreyonYouTube
video icon"Stand by Me" by Karen Gibson and The Kingdom Choir at the Royal Wedding (BBC)onYouTube

Skylar Greyrecorded the song which appeared for a Budweiser commercial forSuper Bowl LII,with proceeds for the song to go to theAmerican Red Cross.[143][144]

The Kingdom Choirperformed the song at thewedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markleon May 19, 2018.[145]Their version debuted and peaked at number one on theBillboardHot Gospel Songschart on the week ending June 2, 2018.[146][147]It also entered the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number 94 on its first and only week, the week of May 25–31, 2018.[148]It is included in their debut album,Stand by Me,[149]released later that year.[150]

2020s[edit]

External videos
video iconSnoop Dogg performing the songvia Instagram

On October 24, 2021,Snoop Doggperformed the song alongside the audience at a Big Night Live concert in Boston as a tribute to his mother Beverly Tate, who died at age 70 earlier on the same night.[151][152]

Charts[edit]

Maurice White[edit]

Chart (1985) Peak
position
USHot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs(Billboard)[123] 6
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[153] 8
CanadaRPMAdult Contemporary[125]
5
USAdult Contemporary(Billboard)[124] 11
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[154] 38
USBillboardHot 100[155] 50

4 the Cause[edit]

Certifications (4 the Cause)[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Belgium (BEA)[186] Gold 25,000*
Germany (BVMI)[187] Platinum 500,000^
Sweden (GLF)[188] Gold 15,000^
Switzerland (IFPISwitzerland)[189] Gold 25,000^

*Sales figures based on certification alone.
^Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Florence + the Machine[edit]

The Kingdom Choir[edit]

Weekly charts
Chart (2018) Position
USBillboardHot Gospel Songs[146] 1
UK Singles(OCC)[197] 94

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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