Standard J

Standard J
Role	Trainer
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Standard Aircraft Corporation
Designer	Charles Healy Day
First flight	1916
Number built	1,600+
Developed from	Sloan H series

TheStandard Jis a two-seat basic trainertwo-baybiplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inlineHall-Scott A-7aengine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering. The J-1 was built as a stopgap to supplement theCurtiss JN-4in production.

Development

Charles Healy Day had designed the precedingSloan Hseries of aircraft, and continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation (laterStandard Aircraft Corporation). Four companies, Standard, Dayton-Wright, Fisher Body, and Wright-Martin, delivered 1,601 J-1s between June 1917 and June 1918. The Standard J-1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly swept-back wing planform, triangularking postsabove the upper wings, and the front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing's leading edge, just about where the forwardwing sparof the lower wing panel attaches to the fuselage.

Operational history

Standard J-1 providing joyrides.

Although produced in large numbers, its four-cylinderHall-Scott A-7aengine was unreliable and vibrated badly. While JN-4 production outnumbered J-1s by about two to one in June 1918, fatalities in JN-4s versus J-1s numbered about seven to one due to the limited use of the J-1s. Few later production J-1s left their delivery crates.

In June 1918, all Standard J-1s were grounded, although training remained intensive. Sufficient JN-4s were available to meet training needs, and at $2,000 per aircraft it was not cost-effective to convert them to useCurtiss OX-5engines. Contracts for 2,600+ JS-1s were canceled, and those not used for ground instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped.Curtiss,which produced its competitor (the Curtiss JN) bought surplus J-1s which they modified with different powerplants, for resale.

Many J-1s were flown by civilian flying schools, and for joy-riding and barnstorming operations, until they were worn out, or were forced into retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high-profile accidents.

Variants

Standard J, modified with an enclosed cabin byT. Claude Ryan,in flight overSan Diego

• Sloan Hseries: trainers and reconnaissance aircraft from 1913
• Standard Hseries: production by Standard of Sloan H-series
• Standard J:first Standard-designed variant
• Standard J-1:trainer for U.S. Army
• Standard SJ-1:J-1 with additional pair of forward wheels to prevent noseovers
• Standard JR-1:advanced trainer for US Army
• Standard JR-1B:mail carrier for US Post Office, modification of JR-1
• Standard E-4:redesignated JR-1B mailcarrier

War-surplus conversions

Nicholas-Beazley Standard photo from Aero Digest September 1926

• Aerial Engineering Corporation Standard 6W-3:Modification for a pilot and four passengers. Also known as the Mercury Standard 6
• Curtiss Night Mail:1922 mailplane conversion of J-1 byCurtisswith new wings (about 6 converted)
• Lincoln Standard L.S.5:J-1 modified with an open cockpit for four passengers
• Nicholas-Beazley-Standard:J-1 aircraft modified byNicholas-Beazley
• Ryan Standard:J-1 with a 180 hpHispano Suizaengineand an enclosed cabin for four passengers fitted by theRyan Flying Company(9 converted)
• Sikorsky Standard:civil trainer withSikorsky-GluhareffParasol wing(also known as Standard SJ)

Operators

United States

• United States Army Air Service
• United States Navy
• United States Post Office Department
• The San Diego—Los Angeles Airlines

Surviving aircraft

Standard J-1 at theUSAF Museum,showing the wing sweepback

Standard J-1 (fabric covering removed) at theUSAF Museum

Over a dozen J-1s are on display or being restored. Others projects are incomplete and awaiting restoration.

• 214 – J-1 on static display at theYanks Air MuseuminChino, California.
• 581 – J-1 airworthy at the Owls Head Transportation Museum inOwls Head, Maine.It has aHispano-SuizaV-8 engine installed.
• 1000 – J-1 airworthy with James F. Hammond ofYellow Springs, Ohio.
• 1141 – J-1 on static display at theNational Museum of the United States Air ForceinDayton, Ohio.It is displayed without a right wing or fabric covering, has aHall-ScottA-4A engine installed, and was donated by Robert Greiger in December 1962.
• 1582 – J-1 in storage at theFantasy of FlightinPolk City, Florida.It is composite of two airframes.
• 1598 – J-1 on static display at theSan Diego Aerospace MuseuminSan Diego, California.
• 1956 – J-1 airworthy at theEAA Aviation MuseuminOshkosh, Wisconsin.It has a Hispano-Suiza Model A engine installed.
• 2434 – J-1 on display at theFargo Air MuseuminFargo, North Dakota.It is on loan fromBonanzaville, U.S.A.It has anOXX-6engine installed.
• 2969 – J-1 airworthy with Walter C. Bowe ofSonoma, California.It is assembled from original components as a period kit.
• 41236 – J-1 on static display at theGlenn H. Curtiss MuseuminHammondsport, New York.It is on loan from theHenry Ford Museum.
• T-4595 – J-1 at theHistoric Aircraft Restoration MuseuminCreve Coeur, Missouri.
• T-4598 – J-1 airworthy with the Freeman Heritage Collection inKingsbury, Texas.
• T-4732 – J-1 airworthy with C C Air Corp ofPort Hueneme, California.
• J-1 on static display at theNational Museum of the United States Air ForceinDayton, Ohio.It has anOXX-6engine installed.

Specifications (SJ)

Standard J-1 withHispano-Suizaengine

Data fromThe Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor

General characteristics

• Crew:2
• Length:26 ft 7 in (8.10 m)
• Upper wingspan:43 ft 11 in (13.39 m)
• Lower wingspan:32 ft (9.8 m)
• Height:10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
• Wing area:429 sq ft (39.9 m²)
• Airfoil:R.A.F No 3
• Empty weight:1,350 lb (612 kg)
• Gross weight:1,950 lb (885 kg)
• Fuel capacity:31 US gal (26 imp gal; 120 L)
• Powerplant:1 ×Hall-Scott A-7water-cooledstraight-4engine, 100 hp (75 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed:68 mph (109 km/h, 59 kn)
• Stall speed:37 mph (60 km/h, 32 kn)
• Range:350 mi (560 km, 300 nmi)
• Time to altitude:10 minutes to 2,600 ft (790 m)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Airco DH.4
• Airco DH.6
• Albatros C.III
• Avro 504
• Caudron G.III
• Martin TT
• Nieuport 83

Related lists

• List of military aircraft of the United States

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Donald, David, ed. (1997).Encyclopedia of World Aircraft.Ontario: Prospero Books. p. 854.
• The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft.London: Aerospace Publishing.
• "Standard, Standard-Caproni, Standard-DH,Standard-Handley-Page, Gates-Day Standard".Aerofiles.Retrieved2008-10-28.
• Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989).Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation.London: Studio Editions.
• "The Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor".Aviation.Vol. II, no. 5. April 1, 1917. pp. 216–217.
• United States Air Force Museum.Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.

External links

• The Owl's Head Transportation Museum's Standard J-1 page