Stanley Cup

This article is about the National Hockey League championship trophy. For the playoff tournament, seeStanley Cup playoffs.For other uses, seeStanley Cup (disambiguation).

Stanley Cup

Sport	Ice hockey
Competition	Stanley Cup playoffs
Awarded for	Playoff champion of theNational Hockey League(NHL)
History
First award	1893
First winner	Montreal Hockey Club(4)(AHAC)
Most wins	Montreal Canadiens(24)
Most recent	Florida Panthers(1)

TheStanley Cup(French:La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to theNational Hockey League(NHL)playoffchampion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, and theInternational Ice Hockey Federation(IIHF) considers it to be one of the "most important championships available to the sport".The trophy was commissioned in 1892 as theDominion Hockey Challenge Cupand is named afterLord Stanley of Preston,theGovernor General of Canada,who donated it as an award to Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club. The entire Stanley family supported the sport, the sons and daughters all playing and promoting the game.The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to theMontreal Hockey Club,and winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games and league play. Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. In 1915, theNational Hockey Association(NHA) and thePacific Coast Hockey Association(PCHA), the two main professional ice hockey organizations, reached an agreement in which their respective champions would face each other annually for the Stanley Cup. It was established as thede factochampionship trophy of the NHL in 1926 and then thede jureNHL championship prize in 1947.

There are actually three Stanley Cups: the original bowl of the "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup", the authenticated "Presentation Cup", and the spelling-corrected "Permanent Cup" on display at theHockey Hall of Famewhenever the Presentation Cup is not available. While the NHL has maintained control over the trophy itself and its associated trademarks, the NHL does not actually own the trophy but uses it by agreement with the two Canadian trustees of the cup.The NHL has registered trademarks associated with the name and likeness of the Stanley Cup, although there has been dispute as to whether the league has the right to own trademarks associated with a trophy that it does not own.

The original bowl was made of silver and is18.5 centimetres (7+5⁄16in) high and29 centimetres (11+7⁄16in) in diameter. The current Stanley Cup is topped with a copy of the original bowl, made of a silver and nickel alloy. It has a height of89.5 centimetres (35+1⁄4in) and weighs15.6 kilograms (34+1⁄2lb).Like theGrey Cup,and unlike the trophies awarded by the other major professional sports leagues of North America, a new Stanley Cup is not made every year. The winners originally kept it until a new champion was crowned, but winning teams currently get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. Every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands, which is unusual among trophies. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, so some names must be omitted. Between 1924 and 1940, a new band was added almost every year that the trophy was awarded, earning the nickname "Stovepipe Cup" due to the unnatural height of all the bands. In 1947, the cup size was reduced, but not all the large rings were the same size. In 1958, the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a five-band barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. Every 13 years when the bottom band of the Stanley Cup is filled with names of champions, the top band is removed and retired to be displayed in the vault of the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. The four bands below it are slid up one place and a new blank band added to the bottom. The first winning team engraved on the newest band is thus, in theory(seeEngravingsection below),displayed on the trophy for the next 65 years.It has been referred to asThe Cup,Lord Stanley's Cup,The Holy Grail,or facetiously asLord Stanley's Mug.The Stanley Cup is surrounded bynumerous legends and traditions,the oldest of which is the winning team drinking champagne from it.

Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 106 times by 21 current NHL teams and five teams no longer in existence. It was not awarded in1919because of theSpanish flu epidemicand in 2005 because of the2004–05 NHL lockout.It was held by nine different teams between 1893 and 1914. TheMontreal Canadienshave won it a record 24times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win it, doing so in1993;theDetroit Red Wingshave won it 11 times, the most of any United States-based NHL team, most recently in2008.The current holders of the cup are theFlorida Panthersafter their victory in2024.More than 3,000 different names, including the names of over 1,300 players, had been engraved on it by 2017.

History

Origins

The Lord Stanley of Preston

Afterthe Lord Stanley of Prestonwas appointed byQueen VictoriaasGovernor General of Canadaon June 11, 1888, he and his family became highly enthusiastic about ice hockey.Stanley was first exposed to the game atMontreal's 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw theMontreal Victoriasplay theMontreal Hockey Club.TheMontreal Gazettereported that he "expressed his great delight with the game of hockey and the expertise of the players".During that time, organized ice hockey in Canada was still in its infancy and only Montreal andOttawahad anything resembling leagues.

Stanley's entire family became active in ice hockey. Two of his sons, Arthur and Algernon, formed a new team called theOttawa Rideau Hall Rebels.Arthur also played a key role in the formation of what later became known as theOntario Hockey Association(OHA), and became the founder of ice hockey in Great Britain.Arthur and Algernon persuaded their father to donate a trophy to be "an outward and visible sign of the hockey championship".Stanley sent the following message to thevictory celebrationheld on March 18, 1892, at Ottawa'sRussell House Hotelfor the three-time championOttawa Hockey Club:

I have for some time been thinking that it would be a good thing if there were a challenge cup which should be held from year to year by the champion hockey team in the Dominion [of Canada].

There does not appear to be any such outward sign of a championship at present, and considering the general interest which matches now elicit, and the importance of having the game played fairly and under rules generally recognized, I am willing to give a cup which shall be held from year to year by the winning team.

I am not quite certain that the present regulations governing the arrangement of matches give entire satisfaction, and it would be worth considering whether they could not be arranged so that each team would play once at home and once at the place where their opponents hail from.

Soon afterwards, Stanley purchased what is frequently described as a decorativepunch bowl,but which silver expert John Culme identified as a rose bowl,made inSheffield,England, and sold by LondonsilversmithG. R. Collis and Company (nowBoodle and DunthorneJewellers), for tenguineas,equal to ten and a half pounds sterling, US$48.67, which is equal to $1,650 in 2023 dollars.He had the words "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup" engraved on one side of the outside rim, and "From Stanley of Preston" on the other side.The name "Stanley Cup" was given to it as early as May 1, 1893, when anOttawa Journalarticle used the name as a title.

Originally, Stanley intended that the Cup should be awarded to the top amateur hockey team in Canada, to be decided by the acceptance of a challenge from another team. He made five preliminary regulations:

1. The winners shall return the Cup in good order when required by the trustees so that it may be handed over to any other team which may win it.
2. Each winning team, at its own expense, may have the club name and year engraved on a silver ring fitted on the Cup.
3. The Cup shall remain a challenge cup, and should not become the property of one team, even if won more than once.
4. The trustees shall maintain absolute authority in all situations or disputes over the winner of the Cup.
5. If one of the existing trustees resigns or drops out, the remaining trustee shall nominate a substitute.

The first Stanley Cup Champions were theMontreal Hockey Club(affiliated with the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association).

Stanley appointed Sheriff John Sweetland andPhilip D. Ross(who went on to serve an unsurpassed 56 years) as trustees of the Cup. Sweetland and Ross first presented the trophy in 1893 to theMontreal Amateur Athletic Associationon behalf of the affiliated Montreal Hockey Club, the champions of theAmateur Hockey Association of Canada(AHAC), since they "defeated all comers during the late season, including the champions of the Ontario Association" (Ottawa).Sweetland and Ross also believed that the AHAC was the top league, and as first-place finishers in the AHAC, Montreal was the best team in Canada.Naturally, the Ottawas were upset by the decision because there had been no challenge games scheduled and because the trustees failed to convey the rules on how the Cup was to be awarded prior to the start of the season.

As a result, the Cup trustees issued more specific rules on how the trophy should be defended and awarded:

• The Cup is automatically awarded to the team that wins the title of the previous Cup champion's league, without the need for any other special extra contest.
• Challengers for the Cup must be from senior hockey associations, and must have won their league championship. Challengers will be recognized in the order in which their request is received.
• The challenge games (where the Cup could change leagues) are to be decided either in a one-game affair, a two-game total goals affair, or a best of three series, to the benefit of both teams involved. All matches are to take place on the home ice of the champions, although specific dates and times have to be approved by the trustees.
• Ticket receipts from the challenge games are to be split equally between both teams.
• If the two competing clubs cannot agree to a referee, the trustees will appoint one, and the two teams shall cover the expenses equally.
• A league could not challenge for the Cup twice in one season.

Lord Stanley never saw a Stanley Cup championship game, nor did he ever present the Cup. Although his term as Governor General ended in September 1893, he was forced to return to England on July 15. In April of that year, his older brotherEdward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derbydied, and Stanley succeeded him as the 16thEarl of Derby.

Challenge Cup era

Main article:List of Stanley Cup Challenge Games

During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title. However, in 1894, four teams out of the five-team AHAC tied for the championship with records of 5–3–0. The AHAC had no tie-breaking system. After extensive negotiations and Quebec's withdrawal from the championship competition, it was decided that a three-team tournament would take place in Montreal, with the Ottawa team receiving abyeto the final because they were the only road team. On March 17, in the first Stanley Cup playoff game, the Montreal Hockey Club (Montreal HC) defeated the Montreal Victorias, 3–2. Five days later, in the first Stanley Cup Finals game, Montreal HC beat the Ottawa Hockey Club 3–1.

The first Stanley Cup

In 1895,Queen's Universitywas the first official challenger for the Cup, although it was controversial. The Montreal Victorias had won the league title and thus the Stanley Cup, but the challenge match was between the previous year's champion, Montreal HC, and the university squad. The trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreal HC won the match 5–1 and their cross-town rivals were crowned the champions.The first successful challenge to the Cup came the next year by theWinnipeg Victorias,the champions of the Manitoba Hockey League. On February 14, 1896, the Winnipeg squad defeated the champions 2–0 and became the first team outside the AHAC to win the Cup.

As the prestige of winning the Cup grew, so did the need to attract top players. Only nine months after winning the Cup, in March 1906, theMontreal Wandererspushed through a resolution at the annual meeting of theEastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association(ECAHA) to allow professional players to play alongside amateurs. The Cup trustees agreed to open the challenges to professional teams, because the ECAHA was the top hockey league in Canada at the time.The first professional competition came one month later during the Wanderers' two-game, total goals challenge series, which they won 17 goals to 5.

The smallest municipality to produce a Stanley Cup champion team isKenora,Ontario; the town had a population of about 4,000 when theKenora Thistlescaptured the Cup in January 1907.Led by future Hall of FamersArt Rossand "Bad"Joe Hall,the Thistles defeated the Montreal Wanderers in a two-game, total goals challenge series. The Thistles successfully defended the Cup once, against a team fromBrandon, Manitoba.In March 1907, the Wanderers challenged the Thistles to a rematch. Despite an improved lineup, the Thistles lost the Cup to Montreal.

In 1908, theAllan Cupwas introduced as the trophy for Canada's amateurs, and the Stanley Cup started to become a symbol of professional hockey supremacy.In that same year, the first all-professional team, the Toronto Trolley Leaguers from the newly createdOntario Professional Hockey League(OPHL), competed for the Cup.One year later, the Montreal HC and the Montreal Victorias, the two remaining amateur teams, left the ECAHA, and the ECAHA dropped "Amateur" from their name to become a professional league.In 1910, theNational Hockey Association(NHA) was formed. The NHA soon proved it was the best in Canada, as it kept the Cup for the next four years.

Prior to 1912, challenges could take place at any time or place, given the appropriate rink conditions, and it was common for teams to defend the Cup numerous times during the year. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was to be defended only at the end of the champion team's regular season.

Organized interleague competition

In 1914, theVictoria Aristocratsfrom thePacific Coast Hockey Association(PCHA) challenged the NHA and Cup championToronto Blueshirts.A controversy erupted when a letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.However, on March 18, TrusteeWilliam Foranstated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA presidentFrank Patrickhad not filed a challenge, because he had expectedEmmett Quinnof the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.

Several days later, trustee Foran wrote to NHA president Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA, andMaritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup ".One year later, when the Maritime league folded, the NHA and the PCHA concluded agentlemen's agreementin which their respective champions would face each other for the Cup, similar tobaseball'sWorld Series,which is played between theAmerican LeagueandNational Leaguechampions. Under the new proposal, the Stanley Cup Finals series alternated between the East and the West each year, with alternating games played according to NHA and PCHA rules.The PCHA'sVancouver Millionaireswon the1915 seriesthree games to none in a best-of-five series.

Prior to organized ice hockey expanding to any serious extent outside Canada, the concept that the Stanley Cup champion ought to be recognized as theworld championwas already firmly established – Stanley Cup winners were claiming the title ofworld championsby no later than the turn of the century. After thePortland Rosebuds,an American-based team, joined the PCHA in 1914, the trustees promptly issued a formal statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.Ice hockey in Europe was still in its infancy at this time, so it was without much controversy that winners of the Stanley Cup continued styling themselves as theworld championsjust like in baseball. Two years later, the Rosebuds became the first American-based team to play in the Stanley Cup Finals, although all its players were Canadians.In 1917, theSeattle Metropolitansbecame the first American-based team to win the Cup.After that season, the NHA dissolved, and theNational Hockey League(NHL) took its place.

TheSpanish influenza epidemicforced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel the1919 Stanley Cup Finalsafter game five, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.The series was tied at 2–2–1, but the final game was never played because Montreal ManagerGeorge Kennedyand playersJoe Hall,Billy Coutu,Jack McDonald,andNewsy Lalondewere hospitalized withinfluenza.Hall died four days after the cancelled game, and the series was abandoned.

The format for the Stanley Cup Finals changed in1922,with the creation of theWestern Canada Hockey League(WCHL). Three leagues competed for the Cup: two league champions faced each other for the right to challenge the third champion in the final series.This lasted three seasons as the PCHA and the WCHL later merged to form the Western Hockey League (WHL) in1925.In 1924–25 theVictoria Cougarswon the Cup, the last team outside the NHL to do so.

NHL takes over

See also:Stanley Cup playoffsandStanley Cup Finals

After winning the Cup, players traditionally skate around holding the trophy above their heads, asPavel Datsyukof theDetroit Red Wingsdoes here when the Red Wings captured their 11th cup in 2008.

The WHL folded in 1926 and was quickly replaced by thePrairie Hockey League.However, in the meantime, the NHL (which had entered the U.S. only two years before) bought up the contracts of most of the WHL's players and largely used them to stock the rosters of three new U.S. teams. In what would turn out to be its most significant expansion of its pre-Original Sixera, theChicago Blackhawks,Detroit Cougars (now called theDetroit Red Wings), andNew York Rangersjoined the NHL. With the NHL now firmly established in the largest markets of the Northeastern United States, and with the Western teams having been stripped of their best players, the PHL was deemed to be a "minor league" unworthy of challenging the NHL for hockey supremacy.

The PHL lasted only two seasons. Over the next two decades other leagues and clubs occasionally issued challenges, but none were accepted by the Cup's trustees. Since 1926, no non-NHL team has played for the Cup, leading it to become thede factochampionship trophy of the NHL.In addition, with no major professional hockey league left to challenge it, the NHL began calling its league champions theworld champions,notwithstanding the lack of any interleague championship. In doing so, the NHL copied a policy that had been adopted by the then still-fledglingNational Football Leaguefrom its start in 1920 (and which theNational Basketball Associationalso asserted upon its founding in 1946).

Finally in 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trusteeJ. Cooper Smeatonto grant control of the Cup to the NHL, allowing the league to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup:

1. The Trustees hereby delegate to the League full authority to determine and amend from time to time the conditions for competition of the Stanley Cup, including the qualifications of challengers, the appointment of officials, the apportionment and distribution of all gate receipts, provided always that the winners of this trophy shall be the acknowledged World's Professional Hockey Champions.
2. The Trustees agree that during the currency of this agreement they will not acknowledge or accept any challenge for the Stanley Cup unless such a challenge is in conformity with the condition specified in paragraph one (1) thereof.
3. The League undertakes the responsibility for the care and safe custody of the Stanley Cup including all necessary repairs and alterations to the cup and sub-structure as may be required from time to time, and further undertakes to ensure the Stanley Cup for its full insurable value.
4. The League hereby acknowledges itself to be bound to the Trustees in the sum of One Thousand Dollars, which bond is conditioned upon the safe return of the Stanley Cup to the Trustees in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and it is agreed that the League shall have the right to return the trophy to the Trustees at any time.
5. This agreement shall remain in force so long as the League continues to be the world's leading professional hockey league as determined by its playing caliber and in the event of dissolution or other termination of the National Hockey League, the Stanley Cup shall revert to the custody of the trustees.
6. In the event of default in the appointment of a new trustee by the surviving trustee, the "Trustees" hereby delegate and appoint the Governors of the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston, Ontario, to name two Canadian trustees to carry on under the terms of the original trust, and in conformity with this Agreement.
7. And it is further mutually agreed that any disputes arising as to the interpretation of this Agreement or the facts upon which such interpretation is made, shall be settled by an Arbitration Board of three, one member to be appointed by each of the parties, and the third to be selected by the two appointees. The decision of the Arbitration Board shall be final.

This agreement was amended on November 22, 1961, substituting the Governors of theInternational Hockey Hall of Famein Kingston, Ontario with the Committee of theHockey Hall of Famein Toronto, Ontario as the group to name the two Canadian trustees, if need be. In the 1970s, theWorld Hockey Associationsought to challenge for the Cup. By this time, all Cup trustees were longtime NHL loyalists, and under the direction of NHL presidentClarence Campbellthe WHA's challenge for the Cup was blocked. However, notwithstanding the aforementioned legal obligation, the NHL (considering not only the WHA's presence but also the rising caliber ofEuropeanice hockey leagues) quietly stopped calling its champions theworld champions.

Nevertheless, the NHL came under pressure to allow its champion to play the WHA champion. Eventually, following the establishment of theCanada Cupas the firstbest-on-bestinternational hockey tournament, NHL president Clarence Campbell (who was a vocal opponent of the tournament) made public overtures to establish a true world professional championship in ice hockey, "just like theWorld Series".Under Campbell's proposal, the NHL champion would have played the WHA champion for the right to face the European champion. In the end, Campbell's proposal went nowhere – eventually, the NHL resolved the WHA challenge by agreeing tomerge with its rival,by which time the older league had quietly withdrawn its support for the idea. Neither the NHL nor any other professional hockey league makes a claim to its champions being theworld champions.

The Cup was awarded every year until 2005,when a labour disputebetween the NHL's owners and theNHL Players Association(theunionthat represents the players) led to the cancellation of the2004–05 season.As a result, no Cup champion was crowned for the first time since the flu pandemic in 1919. The lockout was controversial among many fans, who questioned whether the NHL had exclusive control over the Cup. A website known as freestanley.com (since closed) was launched, asking fans to write to the Cup trustees and urge them to return to the original Challenge Cup format.Adrienne Clarkson,then Governor General of Canada, alternately proposed that the Cup be presented to the top women's hockey team in lieu of the NHL season. This idea was so unpopular that theClarkson Cupwas created instead. Meanwhile, a group in Ontario, also known as the "Wednesday Nighters", filed an application with the Ontario Superior Court, claiming that the Cup trustees had overstepped their bounds in signing the 1947 agreement with the NHL, and therefore must award the trophy regardless of the lockout.

On February 7, 2006, a settlement was reached in which the trophy could be awarded to non-NHL teams should the league not operate for a season. The dispute lasted so long that, by the time it was settled, the NHL had resumed operating for the2005–06 season,and the Stanley Cup went unclaimed for the 2004–05 season.Furthermore, whenanother NHL lockout commenced in 2012the trustees stated that the 2006 agreement did not oblige them to award the Cup in the event of a lost season, and that they were likely to reject any non-NHL challenges for the Cup in the event the 2012–13 season were cancelled, which it was not.

In 2007, theInternational Ice Hockey Federation(IIHF) formalized the "Triple Gold Club",the group of players and coaches who have won anOlympic Gamesgold medal, aWorld Championshipgold medal, and the Stanley Cup.The term had first entered popular use following the2002 Winter Olympics,which saw the addition of the first Canadian members.

125th anniversary

Main article:Lord Stanley's Gift Monument

Lord Stanley's Gift Monument

In March 2017, to commemorate the Stanley Cup's 125th anniversary, the original Cup and the current Stanley Cup were the focus of a four-day tour of Ottawa, including a stop at Rideau Hall.TheRoyal Canadian Mintproduced two commemorative coins to mark the anniversary.The first is a roll ofCanadian quarterswith an image of the Stanley Cup, the wordStanley Cupin English andCoupe Stanleyin French with two ice hockey players and "125 years/ans"on the reverse and an effigy of QueenElizabeth IIon the obverse using plated steel. The second coin was designed with the Stanley Cup on the reverse and an effigy of Elizabeth II, "Stanley Cup" in English and "Coupe Stanley"in French and" 50 dollars "above the effigy. It was made using 99.9% silver.

In October 2017, theLord Stanley's Gift Monument,commemorating the donation of the Stanley Cup, was erected in Ottawa at Sparks Street and Elgin Street, near the location of the dinner party announcing the Cup at the Russell House, which has since been demolished.

Engraving

See also:Chronology of Stanley Cup engravings

A close-up view of the engraving for the 2001 championColorado Avalanche

Like theGrey Cup,awarded to the winner of theCanadian Football League,the Stanley Cup is engraved with the names of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff. However, this was not always the case: one of Lord Stanley's original conditions was that each team could, at their own expense, add a ring to the Cup to commemorate their victory.Initially, there was only one base ring, which was attached to the bottom of the original bowl by the Montreal Hockey Club. Clubs engraved their team names, usually in the form"TEAM NAME" "YEAR WON",on that one ring until it was full in 1902. With no more room to engrave their names (and unwilling to pay for a second band), teams left their mark on the bowl itself. The 1907 Montreal Wanderers became the first club to record their name on the bowl's interior surface, and the first champion to record the names of 20 members of their team.

In 1908, for reasons unknown, the Wanderers, despite having turned aside four challengers, did not record their names on the Cup. The next year, the Ottawa Senators added a second band onto the Cup. Despite the new room, the 1910 Wanderers and the 1911 Senators did not put their names on the Cup. The 1915 Vancouver Millionaires became the second team to engrave players' names, this time inside the bowl along its sides.

The 1918 Millionaires eventually filled the band added by the 1909 Senators.The 1915 Ottawa Senators, the 1916 Portland Rosebuds and the 1918 Vancouver Millionaires all engraved their names on the trophy even though they did not officially win it under the new PCHA-NHA system. They had won the title of only the previous champion's league and would have been crowned as Cup champions under the old challenge rules. The winners in 1918 and 1920 to 1923 did not put their winning team name on it.

Syl Apps,with the "Stovepipe Cup" before it was redesigned, in the 1940s

The Stanley Cup acknowledges the cancelled 2004–05 season with the words, "2004–05 Season Not Played" due to the lockout.

No further engraving occurred until 1924, when theCanadiensadded a new band to the Cup.Since then, engraving the team and its players has been an unbroken annual tradition. Originally, a new band was added each year, causing the trophy to grow in size. The "Stovepipe Cup", as it was nicknamed because of its resemblance to theexhaust pipeof a stove, became unwieldy, so it was redesigned in 1948 as a two-piece cigar-shaped trophy with a removable bowl and collar. This Cup also properly honoured those teams that did not engrave their names on the Cup. Also included was the 1918–19 no decision between the Montreal Canadiens and Seattle Metropolitans.

Since 1958, the Cup has undergone several minor alterations. The original collar and bowl were too brittle, and were replaced in 1963 and 1969, respectively. The modern one-piece Cup design was introduced in 1958, when the old barrel was replaced with a five-band barrel, each of which could contain 13 winning teams.Although the bands were originally designed to fill up during the Cup's centennial year in 1992, the names of the 1965 Montreal Canadiens were engraved over a larger area than allotted and thus there are 12 teams on that band instead of 13.When the bands were all filled in 1991, the top band of the large barrel was preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame, and a new blank band was added to the bottom so the Stanley Cup would not grow further.

Another new band was scheduled to be added to the bottom of the cup following the 2004–05 season, but was not added because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the 2005–06 championCarolina Hurricaneswere crowned and the new bottom ring was finally added (along with the retiring of the band listing the 1940–41 to 1952–53 champions), the cancelled season was acknowledged with the words "2004–05 Season Not Played".

Following the crowning of the 2017–18 champions, theWashington Capitals,the band listing the 1953–54 to 1964–65 winners was removed in September 2018, with a new band for the 2017–18 to 2029–30 champions added to the bottom of the cup.Since the introduction of the five-band cup, each engraved team is displayed on the trophy between 52 and 65 years (though in practice, this was reduced by one year as a result of the 1953–1965 band only containing 12 teams prior to its removal), depending on the order they are engraved on the relevant band.

There have only been four official Stanley Cup engravers. The fourth and current one, Montreal silversmith Louise St. Jacques, has held the position since 1988.

Currently, the Cup stands at 89.5 centimetres (35+1⁄4inches) tall and weighs15+1⁄2kilograms (34+1⁄2lb).By its 125th anniversary in 2017, the Stanley Cup had had 3,177 names engraved on it; of those, 1,331 belong to players.

Name inscriptions

Currently, to qualify for automatic engraving, a player:

1. Must have played, or have dressed as the backup goaltender, for at least half of the championship team's regular season games,OR:
2. Must have played, or have dressed as the backup goaltender, for at least one game of theStanley Cup Finalsfor the championship team,AND:
3. Must be on the roster when the team wins the Stanley Cup.

However, since 1994 teams have been permitted to petition theNHL Commissioner,to be considered on a case-by-case basis, to engrave a player's name on the cup if the player was unavailable to play due to "extenuating circumstances".For example, the Detroit Red Wings received special permission from the NHL to inscribe the name ofVladimir Konstantinov,whose career ended after a car accident on June 13, 1997, on the Stanley Cup after Detroit defended their title in 1998.

With the Montreal Canadiens having won by far the most Cup championships of any team, the list of the players who have been engraved on the Cup the most often is dominated by Montreal players.Henri Richardof the Canadiens, with his name engraved eleven times, played on more Stanley Cup champions than any other player. He is followed byJean BeliveauandYvan Cournoyerof the Canadiens with ten championships,Claude Provostof the Canadiens with nine, and three players tied with eight:Red Kelly(four with the Red Wings, four with the Leafs, the most for any player who was not a member of the Canadiens) and Canadiens playersJacques Lemaire,Maurice Richard.Beliveau's name appears on the Cup more than any other individual, ten times as a player and seven times as management for a total of seventeen times.

Fifteen women have had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup. The first woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup isMarguerite Norris,who won the Cup as the president of the Detroit Red Wings in 1954 and 1955. The only Canadian woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup isSonia Scurfieldwho won the Cup as a co-owner of the Calgary Flames in 1989.

In2001,Charlotte Grahame,theColorado Avalanche's Senior Director of Hockey Administration, had her name engraved on the trophy. Her sonJohnlater had his name engraved as a member of theTampa Bay Lightningin2004.

Engraving errors

There are several misspellings on the Cup. Many of them have never been corrected. Examples include:

• Pat McReavy's name is misspelled "McCeavy" as a member of the 1941Boston Bruinson the second cup created during the 1957–58 season. McReavy's name was often misspelled as "McCreavy" on team pictures of the Boston Bruins. When the Replica Cup was created in 1992–93, the misspelling was not corrected.
• Dickie Moore,who won the Cup six times, had his name spelled differently five times (D. Moore, Richard Moore, R. Moore, Dickie Moore, Rich Moore).
• Similarly,Jacques Plantewon the Cup five times in a row, and his name was spelled differently each time.
• Glenn Hall's name was misspelled as "Glin" in 1951–52.
• Alex Delvecchio's name was misspelled as "Belvecchio" in 1954.
• Bob Gaineywas spelled "Gainy" when he was a player for Montreal in the 1970s.
• Ted Kennedywas spelled "Kennedyy" in the 1940s.
• Toronto Maple Leafswas spelled "Leaes" in1963.
• Boston Bruinswas spelled "BQSTQN" in1972.
• New York Islanderswas spelled "Ilanders" in1981.
• In 1996, Colorado Avalanche'sAdam Deadmarsh's last name was spelled "Deadmarch". It was later corrected, marking the first correction on the Cup. Similar corrections were made in 2002, 2006 and 2010 for the names ofDetroit Red WingsgoalieManny Legace( "Lagace" ),Carolina HurricanesforwardEric Staal( "Staaal" ) andChicago BlackhawksforwardKris Versteeg( "Vertseeg" ).
• Justin Williams,theConn Smythe Trophywinner of the2014 Los Angeles Kings,was spelled "JUSTIN WILLIVIS". (Has since been corrected as of 2022, possibly earlier.)
• Patrick Maroonhad his name spelled differently on the Cup - "Patrick Maroon" as a member of the2019 St. Louis Bluesand "Pat Maroon" as a member of the2020 Tampa Bay Lightning.

Scratched-out names

Basil Pocklington, father of Peter, the owner of the Edmonton Oilers, is scratched out in the 1984 engraving (top right corner).

The following names were later scratched out with a series of "X" s:

• Peter Pocklington,then-owner of the Edmonton Oilers, put his father's name, Basil, on the Stanley Cup in1984.Because Basil had no affiliation with the Oilers or the NHL at all, the league had his name stricken.
• Brad Aldrich, the Chicago Blackhawks video review coach during their Stanley Cup run in2010,was stricken from the Stanley Cup at the team's request in 2021, following the conclusion ofan investigationthat revealed he had sexually abused former Blackhawks prospectKyle Beach,among others.

Traditions and anecdotes

Main article:Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup

July 13, 2006: Wounded United States Marines pose withCarolina HurricanesstarGlen Wesley(in orange shirt) and the Stanley Cup.

Players and team personnel often drink from the Cup to celebrate, as shown here in 1974.

There are many traditions associated with the Stanley Cup. One of the oldest, started by the 1896 Winnipeg Victorias, dictates that the winning team drink champagne from the top bowl after their victory.The Cup is also traditionally presented on the ice by theNHL commissionerto the captain of the winning team after the series-winning game; each member of the victorious club carries the trophy around the rink. However, this has not always been the case; prior to the 1930s, the Cup was not awarded immediately after the victory. The first time that the Cup was awarded on the ice may have been to the 1932Toronto Maple Leafs,but the practice did not become a tradition until the 1950s.Ted Lindsayof the 1950 Cup championDetroit Red Wingsbecame the first captain, upon receiving the Cup, to hoist it overhead and skate around the rink. According to Lindsay, he did so to allow the fans to have a better view of the Cup. Since then, it has been a tradition for each member of the winning team, beginning with the captain, to take a lap around the ice with the trophy hoisted above his head.

The tradition of the captain first hoisting the Cup has been "breached" a few times. In 1987 after the Edmonton Oilers defeated the Philadelphia Flyers,Wayne Gretzkyhanded the Cup toSteve Smith,a year after Smith made a costly gaffe that cost the Oilers the chance of making their fourth consecutive Stanley Cup Finals appearance. The second occurred in 1993 after the Montreal Canadiens defeated theLos Angeles Kings,Guy Carbonneauhanded the Cup toDenis Savard,as Savard had been the player that many fans had urged the Canadiens to draft back in 1980. The third was in 2001 involvingJoe SakicandRay Bourquewhen the Colorado Avalanche won the Cup in 2001, as the seventh and deciding game of the finals was the last of Bourque's 22-year NHL career, having never been on a cup-winning team until that time (until being traded to the Avalanche on March 6, 2000, Bourque had played only for theBoston Bruins). When Sakic received the trophy, he did not hoist it, but instead immediately handed it to Bourque; Sakic then became the second player on the team to hoist the trophy.

The Stanley Cup championship team is allotted 100 days during off-season to pass around the Cup. It is always accompanied by at least one representative from the Hockey Hall of Fame.Although many players have unofficially spent a day in personal possession of the Cup, in 1995 theNew Jersey Devilsstarted a tradition wherein each member of the Cup-winning team is allowed to retain the Cup for a day.After the 1994–95 season, the NHL made it mandatory that one of the official Cup handlers always be present while the Cup is passed around among players in the off-season.This may have been related toEddie Olczyk's handling of the Cup after theNew York Rangers' 1994 win - Olczyk brought the Cup to theBelmont Stakes,whereKentucky DerbywinnerGo for Ginate out of it.

On August 22, 2001, Colorado Avalanche Director of Finance Mark Waggoner carried the Stanley Cup to the summit ofMount Elbert,the highest point ofColorado.

Victors of the Cup have used it to baptize their children. Three players (theNew York Islanders'Clark Gillies,theAnaheim Ducks'Sean O'Donnell,and thePittsburgh Penguins'Nick Bonino) even allowed their dogs to eat out of the Cup.

Original, authenticated, and replica versions

The original Stanley Cup in the bank vault at theHockey Hall of FameinToronto,Ontario

There are technically three versions of the "Stanley Cup": the original 1892 bowl orDominion Hockey Challenge Cup,1963 authenticated "Presentation Cup", and the 1993 "Permanent Cup" at the Hall of Fame.

The original 1892Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup,purchased and donated by Lord Stanley, was physically awarded to the Champions until 1970,and is now displayed in the Vault Room at the Hockey Hall of Fame inToronto,Ontario.

The authenticated version or "Presentation Cup" was created in 1963 by Montreal silversmith Carl Petersen. NHL presidentClarence Campbellfelt that the original bowl was becoming too thin and fragile, and thus requested a duplicate trophy as a replacement.The Presentation Cup is authenticated by the seal of the Hockey Hall of Fame on the bottom, which can be seen when winning players lift the Cup over their heads, and it is the one currently awarded to the champions of the playoffs and used for promotions.This version was made in secret, and first awarded in 1964.

The replica "Permanent Cup", was created in 1993 by Montreal silversmith Louise St. Jacques to be used as a stand-in at the Hockey Hall of Fame whenever the Presentation Cup is not available for display.It also serves as anunderstudyof sorts should the Presentation Cup be lost or damaged at any point.

As a morale booster

The Stanley Cup has been brought to military bases for both American and Canadian troops, as well as theirNATOallies. In 2004, the Cup was displayed atMacDill Air Force Base,nearTampa, Florida.The event was later touted by officials at MacDill as "a huge morale booster for our troops".In 2006, the Cup touredMarine Corps Base Camp Lejeune,North Carolina, where woundedMarineswere given the opportunity to view and be photographed with the Cup.

In 2007, the Stanley Cup made its first trip into a combat zone. During the trip toKandahar,Afghanistan from May 2 to 6, organized by the NHL, the Hockey Hall of Fame, the NHL Alumni and the CanadianDepartment of National Defence,the Cup was put on display for Canadian and other NATO troops. The Cup was not damaged when its host base sustained a rocket attack on May 3.

The Stanley Cup was returned to Afghanistan as part of a "Team Canadavisit "in March 2008.In the spring of 2010 the Stanley Cup made its fourth trip to Afghanistan, accompanied by ex-players.

On June 27, 2010, Chicago BlackhawksdefencemanBrent Sopelpaid tribute to his friend, former Toronto Maple Leafs general managerBrian Burkeand Burke's late son,Brendan,by accompanying the Cup to the 2010Chicago Gay Pride Parade.

In 2018, the Cup was used to improve the spirits of those who were affected by either of two significant events which claimed the lives of multiple individuals: theHumboldt Broncos'bus crashon April 6, and theCapital Gazetteshootingon June 28. For the former, the Stanley Cup was brought to the hospital where the crash survivors were recuperating on April 15,and for the latter, it was presented toCapital Gazetteemployees at their temporary office on July 3.Chandler Stephensonof the2018 Washington Capitalsalso spenthis day with the Stanley Cupwith the Broncos that August.

Trustees

The regulations set down by Lord Stanley call for two trustees, who had the sole, joint right to govern the Cup and the conditions of its awarding until 1947 when they ceded control to the NHL. While the original regulations allow for a trustee to resign, to date, onlyIan "Scotty" Morrisonretired as trustee in 2023. All other trustees have served until their deaths. In the event of a vacancy, the remaining trustee names the replacement for the deceased or resigned trustee.

To date, eleven men have served as trustees of the Stanley Cup:

Trustee	Year of appointment	Served until	Succeeded
Sheriff John Sweetland	1893	1907	N/A
P. D. Ross	1893	1949	N/A
William Foran	1907	1945	Sweetland
Cooper Smeaton	1946	1978	Foran
Mervyn "Red" Dutton	1950	1987	Ross
Clarence Campbell	1979	1984	Smeaton
Justice Willard Estey	1984	2002	Campbell
Brian O'Neill	1987	2023	Dutton
Ian "Scotty" Morrison	2002	2023	Estey
Lanny McDonald	2023	current	O'Neill
Gary Meagher	2023	current	Morrison

See also

• Avco World Trophy,awarded to the champion of the defunctWorld Hockey Association
• List of awards named after governors general of Canada
• List of awards presented by the governor general of Canada
• List of NHL franchise post-season appearance streaks
• List of NHL franchise post-season droughts
• List of Stanley Cup challenge games
• List of Stanley Cup champions
• Lord Derby Cup,the emblem of France's premierrugby leagueknockout competition, named after Frederick Stanley's sonEdward

References

Bibliography

• Batten, Jack (2004).The Leafs.Key Porter Books.ISBN1-55263-205-9.
• Coleman, Charles (1966).Trail of the Stanley Cup.National Hockey League.ISBN0-8403-2941-5.
• Conner, Floyd (2002).Hockey's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Wicked Slapshots, Bruising Goons, and on Ice Oddities.United States: Potomac Books Inc.ISBN978-1-57488-364-0.
• Diamond, Dan, ed. (1992).The Official National Hockey League Stanley Cup Centennial Book.Firefly Books.ISBN1-895565-15-4.
• Diamond, Dan; Zweig, Eric; Duplacey, James (2003).The Ultimate Prize: The Stanley Cup.Andrews McMeel Publishing.ISBN0-7407-3830-5.
• Mole, Rich (2004).Great Stanley Cup Victories: Glorious Moments in Hockey.Altitude Pub. Canada.ISBN1-55153-797-4.
• Podnieks, Andrew (2003).The goal: Bobby Orr and the most famous goal in Stanley Cup history.Triumph Books.ISBN1-57243-570-4.
• Podnieks, Andrew;Hockey Hall of Fame(2004).Lord Stanley's Cup.Triumph Books.ISBN1-55168-261-3.
• Ross, J. Andrew (2015).Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945.Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.ISBN978-0-8156-3383-9.
• Shea, Kevin; Wilson, John Jason (2006).Lord Stanley: The Man Behind the Cup.Fenn Publishing.ISBN978-1-55168-281-5.
• Zweig, Eric (2012).Stanley Cup: 120 years of hockey supremacy.Firefly Books.ISBN978-1-77085-104-7.

External links

• Official website
• The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Stanley Cup