Stipa
Stipa | |
---|---|
Mediterranean needle-grass, Stipa capensis | |
Scientific classification![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Subfamily: | Pooideae |
Supertribe: | Stipodae |
Tribe: | Stipeae |
Genus: | Stipa L.[1] |
Species | |
Some 300, see text. | |
Synonyms | |
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Stipais a genus of around 300 largeperennialhermaphroditicgrassescollectively known asfeather grass,needle grass,andspear grass.They are placed in the subfamilyPooideaeand the tribeStipeae,which also contains many species formerly assigned toStipa,which have since been reclassified into new genera.
Many species are importantforagecrops. Several species such asStipa brachytricha,S. arundinacea,S. splendens,S. calamagrostis,S. giganteaandS. pulchraare used asornamental plants.One former species,espartograss (Macrochloa tenacissima), is used forcraftsand extensively inpapermaking.
It is a coarse grass with inrolled leaves and apaniclepatternedinflorescence.[2]
Ecology
[edit]Species of the genusStipacan occur ingrasslands[3]or insavannahabitats.Certain specificprairieplant associations are dominated by grasses of the genusStipa,which genus often lends its name to the terminology of some prairie types.[4]In some areas of the western United States grasses of the genusStipaform a significant part of the understory ofBlue Oaksavannas, and were even a more important elementprehistoricallybefore the invasion of many European grasses.[5]
Selected species
[edit]- Stipa avenacea– black oat grass
- Stipa baicalensisRoshev.
- Stipa barbataDesf.
- Stipa bavarica
- Stipa borysthenica
- Stipa brachytricha–Korean feather grass
- Stipa canadensis
- Stipa capensis
- Stipa capillataL.
- Stipa coreanaHonda– Korean needlegrass[6]
- Stipa grandisP.A.Smirn.
- Stipa joannisČelak.
- Stipa leptogluma
- Stipa mexicana
- Stipa milleana
- Stipa mollis
- Stipa pennataL.– feather grass
- Stipa pulcherrima
- Stipa speciosa
- Stipa tirsaSteven
- Stipa tulcanensis
- Stipa turkestanicaHack.
- Stipa zalesskiiWilensky
Formerly placed here
[edit]- Achnatherum calamagrostis(L.) P.Beauv.(asS. calamagrostis(L.) Wahlenb.)
- Achnatherum robustum(Vasey) Barkworth(asS. robusta(Vasey) Scribn.)
- Anemanthele lessoniana(Steud.) Veldkamp (asStipa arundinaceaHook.f.)[7]
- Celtica gigantea(Link) F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth(asS. giganteaLink)
- Eriocoma arida(asS. arida)
- Hesperostipa comata(asS. comata)
- Hesperostipa spartea(Trin.) Barkworth (asStipa sparteaTrin.)[8]
- Jarava ichuRuiz & Pav.(asS. ichu(Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth)
- Macrochloa tenacissima(Loefl. ex L.) Kunth(asS. tenacissimaLoefl. ex L.)
- Nassella leucotricha(Trin. & Rupr.) R.W.Pohl(asS. leucotrichaTrin. & Rupr.)
- Nassella pulchra(Hitchc.) Barkworth(asS. pulchraHitchc.)
- Nassella viridula(Trin.) Barkworth (asS. viridulaTrin.)[9]
- Neotrinia splendens(Trin.) M.Nobis, P.D.Gudkova & A.Nowak(asS. splendensTrin.)
- Oryzopsis hymenoides(Ricker.) (asS. hymenoidesRoem. & Schult.)[10][11]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ab"Genus:StipaL. "Germplasm Resources Information Network.United States Department of Agriculture. 1998-09-14.Retrieved2011-06-27.
- ^Morley, Thomas (1966).Spring Flora of Minnesota.The University of Minnesota Press. p. 47.
- ^Elgaily Osman Ahmed, 1983
- ^Ecological Society of America, 1921
- ^*C. Michael Hogan, 2008
- ^English Names for Korean Native Plants(PDF).Pocheon:Korea National Arboretum.2015. p. 647.ISBN978-89-97450-98-5.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 25 May 2017.Retrieved24 December2016– viaKorea Forest Service.
- ^"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | Synonyms of Anemanthele lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp".wcsp.science.kew.org.Retrieved2022-08-26.
- ^"Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".Plants of the World Online.Retrieved2022-08-26.
- ^"Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".Plants of the World Online.Retrieved2022-08-26.
- ^"Oryzopsis hymenoides | International Plant Names Index".www.ipni.org.Retrieved2022-08-26.
- ^"GRIN Species Records ofStipa".Germplasm Resources Information Network.United States Department of Agriculture. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-09-24.Retrieved2011-06-27.