Svitavy
Svitavy | |
|---|---|
 Míru Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Svitavy Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°45′20″N16°28′10″E/ 49.75556°N 16.46944°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Pardubice |
| District | Svitavy |
| First mentioned | 1256 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | David Šimek |
| Area | |
| • Total | 31.33 km2(12.10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 435 m (1,427 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 16,108 |
| • Density | 510/km2(1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Postal code | 568 02 |
| Website | www |
Svitavy(Czech pronunciation:[ˈsvɪtavɪ];German:Zwittau) is a town inSvitavy Districtin thePardubice Regionof theCzech Republic.It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is the birthplace ofOskar Schindlerand the centre of the CzechEsperantomovement. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as anurban monument zone.
Administrative parts
[edit]Svitavy is made up of the town parts of Lačnov, Lány, Město and Předměstí.
Etymology
[edit]Svitavy was named after the riverSvitava.The river's name referred to its clear water and was derived fromsvítat,which meant "be clear" in Old Czech.[2]
Geography
[edit]Svitavy is located about 57 kilometres (35 mi) southeast ofPardubiceand 60 km (37 mi) north ofBrno.It lies in theSvitavy Uplands.The highest point is at 475 metres (1,558 ft) above sea level.
TheSvitavaRiver originates in the municipal territory and flows through the town. Apart from a few small bodies of water, there are two significantfish pondson the Svitava near the town, Svitavský and Rosnička. They are the remains of the original eleven water works around the town. Rosnička was founded in the first half of the 16th century and Svitavský was established in 1953. In addition to fish farming, they form a suburban recreational area.[3]
History
[edit]
Svitavy was founded during the colonization by Premonstratensian monks from nearbyLitomyšlaround 1150. They built the Church of Saint Giles and founded a settlement called Stará Svitava near an old trade route. During the second wave of colonization in around 1250, mostly German-speaking settlers came and founded another settlement called Nová Svitava. Svitavy was first mentioned in 1256 when it was taken over by thebishop of Olomouc,Bruno von Schauenburg,and this year is considered to be the year of foundation of the town.[4]
In 1389, the town walls were built. They protected the town during theHussite Wars,however the town was conquered. Svitavy often changed owners. In the 16th century, the town flourished economically. The prosperity was interrupted by theThirty Years' War.In 1645, the town was looted. In 1781, a large fire destroyed most of the town. During the Napoleonic and Austro-Prussian wars, the town suffered as armies passed through the town.[4][5]
In 1849, the railway was built, which contributed to the development of the town, especially the textile industry. Gradually, over a hundred textile factories were established. Svitavy has retained its industrial character to this day, although the structure has changed significantly.[4]
Svitavy was historically a German-speaking town with a Czech minority. At the beginning of the 20th century the town saw tensions between Czech and German speaking people. In October 1938, the town was annexed byNazi Germanyand administered as part of theReichsgau Sudetenland.After the end ofWorld War IIin 1945, the German population wasexpelledas a result of theBeneš decrees.After 1945, the town was resettled by immigrants from the wholeCzechoslovakia.[4]
Demographics
[edit]
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Economy
[edit]There are no major companies based in the town, only middle-sized employers. The largest employers in Svitavy with more than 250 employees are Fibertex Nonwovens (manufacturer and processor of industrial textiles) andWestrock Packaging Systems Svitavy(producer of cardboard packaging).[8]
Transport
[edit]Svitavy is a transport hub of the area. It is well-connected by rail to other parts of the Czech Republic as it is located on thePrague–Brnorailway line. It also lies on a line of local importance fromČeská TřebovátoSkuteč.[9]
The town has an intercity bus station with services to various destinations. Two first class roads cross just north of Svitavy, the I/43 road (part of theEuropean route E461), which connects the town with Brno, and the I/35 road (part of theEuropean route E442), which replaces the unfinished section of theD35 motorwayfromOlomoucto theHradec Králové Region.
Culture
[edit]
The Czech Esperanto Association is based in the town. It is a follower of several clubs from the first half of the 20th century, re-established in 1969. It co-organizes regional Esperanto meetings, organizes Children's Days, and manages theEsperanto Museum in Svitavy.[10]
Since 2011, Svitavy hosts the annual music festival Rosnička.[11]
The Town Museum and Gallery was founded in 1894 and it is based in its current premises since 1947.[12]It includes permanent exhibition "From the History of Washing Technology" and an exhibition about the life of local nativeOskar Schindler.[13]
The multifunctional cultural centre Fabrika was created by reconstruction of a former textile factory from 1926. It is a social centre with a theatre hall and a library.[14]
Sport
[edit]Svitavy is known for the basketball clubTuři Svitavy.Until the relegation in 2024, it played in theNational Basketball League(top Czech league).
The Svitavský stadion hosts football and athletics. The town is home to the football club TJ Svitavy, which plays in lower amateur tiers.
Motorcycle speedwayis held in the western outskirts of the town at the Areál Chihelna Svitavy.[15]The stadium held a final round of theCzechoslovak Individual Speedway Championshipfrom 1967 to 1973 and continues to hold qualifying races for the event.[16]
Sights
[edit]
Svitavy has a valuable historical core. Its centre includes the almost 500 metres (1,600 ft) long main square with architecturally noteworthy civic buildings, which is the 4th longest square in the Czech Republic and has the 2nd longest arcade in the country.[17]The Renaissance houses from the 16th century were reconstructed in the Baroque style after the fire in 1781.[14]
In the middle of the square is a Baroque Marian column from 1703. The column is surrounded by the three patron saints of the town – St. Sebastian, St. Florian and St. John of Nepomuk. In the grotto of the column there is a statue of St. Rosalie.[14]On the square there is also the Fountain of St. Florian from 1783.[18]
The town walls from 1389 were demolished during the 19th century. A semi-circular bastion is the only remnant.[14]
Civic buildings
[edit]
Old Town Hallis originally a Renaissance building with a tower, extensively rebuilt after the fire of 1781 and again in 1849. It served as the town hall until 1933 and now it is used for commercial purposes. The adjacent Renaissance"U Mouřenína" Houseis one of the oldest preserved burgher house in Svitavy, built in 1554. The tourist information centre is now located in the building.[14]
Ottendorfer Houseis a red-brick historicist building with a tower, it is one of the symbols of the town, built in 1892 by the local nativeOswald Ottendorferon the site of his birthplace. It originally housed the largest public and most modern German-language library in Moravia, later a town cultural centre. Since 2008 the Esperanto Museum and a tea room are located on the ground floor, the ornate hall on the floor above continues to serve as a concert hall.[14][19]
Langer's Villahouses the present town hall. It is historicist building with rich stucco ornamentation, built in 1892. It was designed by architect Germano Wanderley, who also designed the Ottendorfer House. The house belonged to one of the richest families in Svitavy, local businesspeople. During the Depression, it was rented out to the town treasury, which in turn in 1933 rented the house to the town authorities, who bought the house and transferred the town hall to it.[14]
Budig's Villawas built in German Renaissance style in 1892 for the former mayor and businessman Johann Budig. Nowadays houses the Town Museum and Gallery.[14]
Ecclesiastical buildings
[edit]
Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Maryis located on the main square. It was probably originally a Romanesque structure built in around 1250. After the fire in 1781, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style. It has an accessible tower with a panoramic view.[14]
Church of Saint Gileswas originally a Romanesque basilica built in around 1150. It was rebuilt in the early Baroque style in 1689 and includes preserved original interior equipment. In the vicinity is the valuable Roman Catholic parish house, rebuilt in the Broque style in 1626–1636.[14]
Church of Saint Josephis a three-nave Neo-Romanesque basilica built in 1894–1896 with valuable decoration. Today the building is owned by a hospital.[14]
Convent of the Sisters of Graceof the St. Vincent de Paul order, founded in 1871, served as a hospital and later became a social care facility. It include the Neo-Gothic Chapel of Saint Vincent de Paul from 1874.[14][20]
Notable people
[edit]- Hermann Edler von Zeissl(1817–1884), Austrian dermatologist
- Oswald Ottendorfer(1826–1900), German-American journalist, editor and philanthropist
- Alexander Makowsky(1833–1908), Austrian botanist, geologist and paleontologist
- Maximilian Felzmann(1894–1962), Austrian general
- Oskar Schindler(1908–1974), German industrialist credited with saving almost 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust
- Heidi Lück(born 1943), German politician
- Jiří Pernes(born 1948), historian
- Jan Moravec(born 1987), footballer
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Lądek-Zdrój,Poland
Perechyn,Ukraine
Stendal,Germany- Strzelin,Poland
Žiar nad Hronom,Slovakia
References
[edit]- ^"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024".Czech Statistical Office.17 May 2024.
- ^"Svitavy: městu dala jméno průzračná řeka"(in Czech).Czech Radio.17 September 2014.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"U Svitav najdete ostrovy, které plavou"(in Czech).Czech Radio.18 August 2019.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^abcd"Historie"(in Czech). Město Svitavy.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Kalendárium"(in Czech). Město Svitavy.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Svitavy"(in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015. pp. 15–16.
- ^"Population Census 2021: Population by sex".Public Database.Czech Statistical Office.27 March 2021.
- ^"Registr ekonomických subjektů".Business Register(in Czech). Czech Statistical Office.Retrieved11 May2023.
- ^"Detail stanice Svitavy"(in Czech).České dráhy.Retrieved27 June2023.
- ^"Co je ČES"(in Czech). Český esperantský svaz, z.s.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Historie"(in Czech). Festival Rosnička.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Historie"(in Czech). Městské muzeum a galerie ve Svitavách.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Městské muzeum a galerie ve Svitavách"(in Czech). CzechTourism.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^abcdefghijkl"Svitavské památky"(in Czech). Město Svitavy.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^Halva, Radek (12 September 2019)."Plochodrážní areál Cihelna se letos dočkal dalších vylepšení".Svitavský deník(in Czech).Retrieved28 March2024.
- ^"Individual Czechoslovak Championship".historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl(in Polish).Retrieved28 March2024.
- ^"Litomyšl versus Svitavy. Kdo má delší"(in Czech).Czech Radio.16 September 2017.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Barokní sochy"(in Czech). Městské muzeum a galerie ve Svitavách.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Ottendorferův dům"(in Czech). Městské muzeum a galerie ve Svitavách.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Klášter Milosrdných sester"(in Czech). Městské muzeum a galerie ve Svitavách.Retrieved14 October2021.
- ^"Partnerská města"(in Czech). Město Svitavy.Retrieved14 October2021.
External links
[edit]
- Official website
- Town Museum and Gallery(in Czech)
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