Swami
Swami([sʋaːmiː];Sanskrit:स्वामी,romanized:svāmī;sometimes abbreviatedsw.) inHinduismis an honorific title given to anasceticwho has chosen thepath of renunciation(sanyāsa),[1]or has been initiated into a religiousmonastic orderofVaishnavas.[2]It is used either before or after the subject's name (usually an adopted religious name). An alternative form,swamini(svāmini), is sometimes used by female renunciates.
The meaning of the Sanskrit root of the wordswamiis "[he who is] one with hisself"(swastands for "self" ),[3]and can roughly be translated as "he/she who knows and is master of himself/herself".[1]The term is often attributed to someone who has achieved mastery of a particularyogic systemor demonstrated profound devotion (bhakti) to one or moreHindu gods.[1]TheOxford English Dictionarygives the etymology as:[4]
Hindisvāmī'master, lord, prince', used by Hindus as a term of respectful address, < Sanskritsvāminin same senses, also the idol or temple of a god.
As a direct form of address, or as a stand-in for a swami's name, it is often renderedSwamiji(alsoSwami-jiorSwami Ji).
In modernGaudiya Vaishnavism,Swamiis also one of the 108 names for asannyasigiven inBhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati'sGaudiya Kanthahara,along withGoswami,also traditionally used as an honorific title.[5]
Swamiis also the surname of theBairagicaste inHaryana,Uttar Pradesh,andRajasthan.InBengali,the word (pronounced[ˈʃami]), while carrying its original meaning, also has the meaning of "husband"in another context. The word also means" husband "inMalay,in which it is spelledsuami,[6]and inKhmer,AssameseandOdiya.TheThaiword for "husband",sami(สามี) orswami(สวามี) is acognateword.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcBoeving, Nicholas Grant (2014). "Swamis". InLeeming, David A.(ed.).Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion(2nd ed.).Boston:Springer Verlag.pp. 1760–1761.doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_673.ISBN978-1-4614-6087-9.
- ^Brewer, E. Cobham(2009). Rockwood, Camilla (ed.).Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.London: Chambers Harrap. "Swami" entry.ISBN9780550104113.OL2527037W..
- ^Yogananda, Paramhamsa (1997).Autobiography of a Yogi.Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House. p. 14.[unreliable source?]
- ^"swami".Oxford English Dictionary(online ed.).Oxford University Press.2011.Retrieved31 August2011.
- ^Narasingha, Bhakti Gaurava."Bhaktivedanta".Sri Narasingha Chaitanya Ashram.Retrieved5 January2022.
- ^"Istilah Malaysia".Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu.Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia.Retrieved31 May2013.
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