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Swing bridge

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Swing bridge
AncestorTruss bridge,cantilever bridge
RelatedOther moving types:Bascule bridge,drawbridge,jetway,vertical-lift bridge,tilt bridge
DescendantGate-swing bridge – seePuente de la Mujer
CarriesAutomobile, truck, light rail, heavy rail
Span rangeShort
MaterialSteel
MovableYes
Design effortMedium
FalseworkrequiredNo

Aswing bridge(orswing span bridge) is amovable bridgethat can be rotated horizontally around a vertical axis. It has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which theswing span(turning span) can then pivot horizontally as shown in the animated illustration to the right.

In its closed position, a swing bridge carrying a road or railway over a river orcanal,for example, allows traffic to cross. When a water vessel needs to pass the bridge, road traffic is stopped (usually by traffic signals and barriers), and then motors rotate the bridge horizontally about its pivot point. The typical swing bridge will rotate approximately 90 degrees, or one-quarter turn; however, a bridge which intersects the navigation channel at an oblique angle may be built to rotate only 45 degrees, or one-eighth turn, in order to clear the channel. Small swing bridges as found over narrow canals may be pivoted only at one end, opening as would a gate, but require substantial underground structure to support the pivot.

Advantages

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The swing span turned to allow a boat to pass
I Street swing Bridge span turned to allow a boat to pass Sacramento California
BNSF Railroad Bridge 9.6across theColumbia RiverinPortland, Oregon,showing the swing-span section turning.
  • As this type requires no counterweights, the complete weight is significantly reduced as compared to other moveable bridges.
  • Where the channel is wide enough for separate traffic directions on each side, the likelihood of vessel-to-vessel collisions is reduced.
  • The central support is often mounted upon abermalong the axis of the watercourse, intended to protect the bridge from watercraft collisions when it is opened. This artificial island forms an excellent construction area for building the moveablespan,as the construction will not impede traffic.

Disadvantages

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An example of how small swing bridges like this one may be pivoted only at one end, but that does require substantial underground structure to support the pivot.Victoria & Alfred Waterfront,Cape Town.
  • In a symmetrical bridge, the central pier forms a hazard to navigation. Asymmetrical bridges may place the pivot near one side of the channel.
  • Where a wide channel is not available, a large portion of the bridge may be over an area that would be easily spanned by other means.
  • A wide channel will be reduced by the center pivot and foundation.
  • When open, the bridge will have to maintain its own weight as a balanced doublecantilever,while when closed and in use for traffic, the live loads will be distributed as in a pair of conventionaltrussbridges, which may require additional stiffness in some members whose loading will be alternately incompressionandtension.
  • If struck from the water near the edge of the span, it may rotate enough to cause safety problems (seeBig Bayou Canot rail accident).

Examples

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Government Bridgeacross theMississippihas a swing section for river traffic traversingLock and Dam 15

Albania

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Argentina

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Australia

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Belize

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  • Belize City Swing Bridge,Belize City, Belize. Oldest such bridge in Central America and one of the few manually operated swing bridge in world still in operation. (Restored in the 2000s)

Canada

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Bridge Name Waterway Co-ordinates Status Comments
Cambie Street BridgeConnaught Bridge False Creek,Vancouver,British Columbia 49°16′19″N123°6′54″W/ 49.27194°N 123.11500°W/49.27194; -123.11500(Cambie Street Bridge) Demolished/replaced (1985), formerly vehicle, pedestrian & streetcar traffic Short documentary "Swingspan" tells the history of the bridge and its demolition.
Canso Canal Bridge Canso Canal,Nova Scotia 45°38′50″N61°24′45″W/ 45.64722°N 61.41250°W/45.64722; -61.41250(Canso Swing Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle/Rail Traffic Links Nova Scotia mainland withCape Breton Islandwith 2 traffic lanes ofHighway 104(theTrans-Canada Highway) as well as a single track railway line operated by theCape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway(CBNS).
CNR Bridge Fraser River,British Columbia 49°11′50″N122°55′24″W/ 49.19722°N 122.92333°W/49.19722; -122.92333(CNR Bridge) Still swings, Rail Traffic BetweenQueensboroughinNew Westminster, British Columbiaand the mainland
Derwent Way Bridge Fraser River,British Columbia 49°11′09″N122°55′55″W/ 49.18583°N 122.93194°W/49.18583; -122.93194(Derwent Way Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle/Rail Traffic BetweenQueensboroughinNew Westminster, British ColumbiaandAnnacis IslandinDelta, British Columbia
Fredericton Railway Bridge Fredericton,New Brunswick 45°57′25″N66°37′43″W/ 45.95694°N 66.62861°W/45.95694; -66.62861(Fredericton Train Bridge) No longer swings, pedestrian traffic. Constructed in 1887 and opened 1889. Last train on the bridge was in 1996.
Grand Narrows Bridge Barra Strait,Bras d'Or Lake,Nova Scotia 45°57′35.75″N60°48′1.03″W/ 45.9599306°N 60.8002861°W/45.9599306; -60.8002861(Grand Narrows Bridge) Was last opened for marine traffic on December 30, 2014 remaining open for marine traffic since that date, no longer swings, Rail Traffic cannot cross. Carrying theCape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway(CBNS).
Hog's Back Bridge Rideau Canal,Ottawa,Ontario 45°22′11″N75°41′54″W/ 45.36972°N 75.69833°W/45.36972; -75.69833(Hog's Back Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle Traffic This bridge swings from one end. There is an adjacent fixed bridge overHog's Back Falls
Iron Bridge ThirdWelland Canal,Thorold, Ontario 43°08′15″N79°10′38″W/ 43.13750°N 79.17722°W/43.13750; -79.17722(Iron Bridge) No longer swings, Rail Traffic Carrying theCNRGrimsby Subdivision over the third Welland Canal.
Kaministiquia River Swing Bridge Kaministiquia River,Thunder Bay,Ontario 48°21′31″N89°17′15″W/ 48.35861°N 89.28750°W/48.35861; -89.28750(Kaministiquia River Swing Bridge) No longer swings. Road and rail traffic only. Currently closed due to 29 October 2013 fire[1] Built in 1908 by Grand Trunk Railway; currently owned by theCNR
Little Current Swing Bridge North Channel,Little Current, Ontario 45°58′48″N81°54′50″W/ 45.98000°N 81.91389°W/45.98000; -81.91389(Little Current Swing Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle Traffic (formerly rail) Built by Algoma Eastern Railway, 1913
Montrose Swing Bridge Welland River,Niagara Falls, Ontario 43°02′45″N79°07′11″W/ 43.04583°N 79.11972°W/43.04583; -79.11972(Montrose Swing Bridge) No longer swings, Rail Traffic FormerlyCanada Southern Railway,nowCPR
Moray Bridge Middle Arm of theFraser River,Richmond, British Columbia 49°11′30″N123°08′13″W/ 49.19167°N 123.13694°W/49.19167; -123.13694(Moray Bridge) Still swings; Eastbound Vehicle Traffic ConnectsSea Island,Richmond, BC (location ofVancouver International Airport) toLulu Island,Richmond, BC
New Westminster Bridge Fraser River,British Columbia 49°12′29″N122°53′38″W/ 49.20806°N 122.89389°W/49.20806; -122.89389(New Westminster Bridge) Still swings, Rail Traffic, formerly had 2nd deck for vehicles BetweenNew WestminsterandSurrey.
Pitt River Bridge Pitt River,British Columbia 49°14′52″N122°43′44″W/ 49.24778°N 122.72889°W/49.24778; -122.72889(Pitt River Bridge) No longer swings, Vehicle Traffic Twin side-by-side bridges connectingPort Coquitlam, British ColumbiatoPitt Meadows, British Columbia
Pitt River Railway Bridge Pitt River,British Columbia 49°14′42″N122°44′01″W/ 49.24500°N 122.73361°W/49.24500; -122.73361(Pitt River Bridge) Still swings – Rail Traffic (Please Contribute)
Wasauksing (Rose Point) Swing Bridge South Channel,Georgian Bay,nearParry Sound, Ontario 45°18′54″N80°2′40″W/ 45.31500°N 80.04444°W/45.31500; -80.04444(Wasauksing Swing Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle Traffic (formerly rail) LinksWasauksing First Nation(Parry Island) to the mainland at Rose Point
Welland Canal, Bridge 15 Welland Recreational Waterway,Welland, Ontario 42°58′37″N79°15′21″W/ 42.97694°N 79.25583°W/42.97694; -79.25583(Welland Canal, Bridge 15) No longer swings, Rail Traffic Built byCanada Southern Railway,c. 1910.Now operated byTrillium Railway
Welland Canal, Bridge 20 Approach Span 2nd and 3rdWelland Canal,Port Colborne, Ontario 42°53′14″N79°14′58″W/ 42.88722°N 79.24944°W/42.88722; -79.24944(Welland Canal, Bridge 20 approach) No longer swings, Abandoned (formerly rail) Abandoned 1998 when adjacentVertical-lift bridgewas dismantled.
Bergen Cut-off Bridge Red River,Winnipeg,Manitoba 49°56′49″N97°5′53″W/ 49.94694°N 97.09806°W/49.94694; -97.09806(Bergen Cut-off Railway Bridge) Centre span permanently in open position, allowing unrestricted river traffic Decommissioned CPR railway bridge (last used in 1946)
Superstructure built by Dominion Bridge Co. 1913–1914
Pont CN-Du port Lachine Canal,Montreal,Quebec 45°29′24.9″N73°33′26.1″W/ 45.490250°N 73.557250°W/45.490250; -73.557250(Canal Lachine Bridge) No longer swings. Abandoned CN railway swing bridge in the middle of Lachine Canal. Constructed in 1912 by theDominion Bridge Companyfor theGrand Trunk Railwaycompany.[2]The pivot system and the cockpit are still in place, but the bridge has not been operational since the late 1960s.[3]

China

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Denmark

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  • Lille LangebroPedestrian double swing bridge crossing the inner harbour at Copenhagen.[4]

Egypt

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El Ferdan Railway Bridge inEgypt;the longest swing bridge in the world, runs from the east of theSuez Canalto the west intoSinai.It is left open most of the time to allow sailing ships to pass in the canal, only closing during the passage of trains.

Estonia

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  • The Admiral Bridge (Admiralisild) is a pedestrian bridge inTallinn,Estonia,connecting two parts of theOld City Harbour.It allows access to the Admiralty Pool (Admiraliteedi bassein) for yachts. It became the first swing bridge in Estonia in 2021.

France

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  • Le pont tournant rue Dieu, across theCanal Saint-Martinin Paris, is a distinctive location in the 1938 filmHôtel du Nord,and is featured in the opening shot of the film.

Germany

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India

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Poira-Corjuem Bridge,Goa

Ireland

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Italy

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ThePonte GirevoleSan Francesco di PaolainTaranto
  • Ponte Girevole,Taranto(built in 1958, after an 1887 one of similar design but using different materials) – a very unusual type, with two spans that separate at the bridge's center and pivot sideways from the bridge's outer ends.[5][6]

Latvia

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  • Kalpaka Tilts,Liepāja,connecting the city with the former Russian/Soviet portKarosta.

Lithuania

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Chain Bridge,Klaipeda
  • Chain Bridge, Klaipeda. Built in 1855 and still working today, this is the only swing bridge in Lithuania. When the bridge is turned, boats and yachts can enter the Castle port. Rotation of the bridge is manual; two people can rotate the bridge.

The Netherlands

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The "Abtswoudsebrug", a swing bridge for bikers and pedestrians built in 1979

Many inner cities have swing bridges, since these require less street space than other types of bridges.

New Zealand

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(A "swing bridge" in New Zealand refers to aflexible walking track bridgewhich "swings" as you walk across.)[9]

Panama

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Poland

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  • A swing bridge at theGiżyckois one of four bridges that cross over the Luczanski Channel. It is one of ten (four still in operation) swing bridges inPoland.
  • A swing bridge inUstka,which crosses the Słupia River, and is walkable every 20 minutes.

South Africa

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The Clocktower Bridge, in Cape Town, starting to close behind a small boat
  • The Clocktower Bridge is a pedestrian swing bridge at the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront inCape Town.

Ukraine

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United Kingdom

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Traffic crossing the Northwich Road swing bridge on theManchester Ship CanalatStockton Heath,Warrington
Hull Docks branch bridge

In the UK, there is a legal definition in current statute as to what is, or is not a 'swing bridge'[11]

Cross Keys Bridge inSutton Bridgewhich carries theA17over theRiver NeneinLincolnshireclose to the border withNorfolk.

United States

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The formerChincoteague ChannelSwing Bridge inChincoteague,Virginia, now demolished.

The largest double swing-span bridge in the United States is the 3,250 feet (990 m) long, 450 feet (140 m) navigable span, 60 feet (18 m) clearanceGeorge P. Coleman Memorial Bridge.[14]

A swing bridge nearBelle Glade, Florida
The swing span of the double-deckI Street Bridge,inSacramento,open for a ship.

Omaha NE Turn Style Bridge is now a historical landmark. Located 86H674H5+98 Used for rail transport. Connecting Council Bluffs, Iowa to downtown Omaha, Nebraska

Uruguay

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Carmelo Bridge,Uruguay,during its inauguration in 1912.
  • CarmeloBridge. Built in 1912 is the oldest swing bridge in all of Latin America.
  • Barra del Santa Lucia Bridge.Built in 1925 as a railway bridge, today is used only by pedestrians.

Vietnam

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"Burned bridge fate in CN's hands, officials say".Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 31 October 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2013.Retrieved31 October2013.
  2. ^http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PATRIMOINE_URBAIN_FR/MEDIA/DOCUMENTS/TOUR%20WELLINGTON.PDF[bare URL PDF]
  3. ^https://ocpm.qc.ca/sites/ocpm.qc.ca/files/pdf/P103/8-79_parcs_canada.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  4. ^Williams, Fran (14 August 2019)."WilkinsonEyre creates £9m cycle and pedestrian bridge for Copenhagen harbour".Architects Journal.Retrieved10 January2022.
  5. ^"Photograph of the Ponte Girevole (Taranto, Italy) while fully open"(JPG).Cityofart.net.Retrieved9 February2013.
  6. ^"Apertura Ponte Girevole Taranto".16 April 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 3 June 2016.Retrieved17 February2016– via YouTube.
  7. ^"A7 Afsluitdijk Kornwerderzand: werkzaamheden Lorentzsluizencomplex 9–26 april 2018".3 April 2018.
  8. ^"Draaibrug over het kanaal Gent-Terneuzen bij Sas van Gent".Beeldbank Zeeland Seaports. 1 August 1977.Archivedfrom the original on 17 February 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  9. ^Walkway swingbridge manual / prepared and finalised by S. Chiet... [et al.] Published by: New Zealand Forest Service, Wellington [N.Z.]: 1986.
  10. ^"History".Kyivdiprotrans Institute. Archived fromthe originalon 30 December 2013.Retrieved19 August2013.
  11. ^Highways Act 1980.London: HMSO. 1980.
  12. ^"Shotton Steelworks – general scenes".Archived fromthe originalon 11 January 2011.Retrieved1 February2008.
  13. ^Historic England."The Toll Bridge (1343735)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved10 February2020.
  14. ^"BUILDING BIG: Databank: George P. Coleman Bridge".Pbs.org.13 May 1995.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  15. ^"Alanson Swing Bridge".fairbairnrealtyblog.com.Northern Michigan lifestyle, history & real estate blog. 26 August 2021.Retrieved30 May2024.
  16. ^"Moveable Bridges".Stroud Valleys Canal Company.Retrieved12 April2023.
  17. ^"About Us".Gasparilla Island Bridge Authority.11 March 2022.Retrieved30 April2024.
  18. ^Wood Wortman, Sharon; Wortman, Ed (2006).The Portland Bridge Book(3rd ed.). Urban Adventure Press. pp. 119–120.ISBN0-9787365-1-6.
  19. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  20. ^"Photo: UP 8007 Union Pacific EMD SD9043MAC at Clinton, Iowa by Eric Salter".Railpictures.net.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  21. ^"Photo: UP 3806 Union Pacific EMD SD70M at Clinton, Iowa by Eric Salter".Railpictures.net.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  22. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  23. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  24. ^"Historic Fort Denaud Swing Span Bridge, History of the Fort Denaud Bridge The Fort Denaud Bride is a vital link between residents and agricultural operations on both sides of the Caloosahatchee River".hendryfla.net.Archivedfrom the original on 16 January 2018.Retrieved7 May2018.
  25. ^"Bridge: GTW Grand Haven Swing Bridge".Michiganrailroads.com.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  26. ^"International Railroad Bridge".Buffaloah.com.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  27. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  28. ^abAmtrak Moveable Bridge Smart Card
  29. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  30. ^"Photo: NS 9869 Norfolk Southern GE C40-9W (Dash 9-40CW) at Toledo, Ohio by Matt Smith".Railpictures.net.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  31. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  32. ^"North Landing Bridge (Mt. Pleasant Rd)".Archivedfrom the original on 16 August 2016.
  33. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
  34. ^"Historic" S "Swing Bridge".visitnc.com.Archivedfrom the original on 26 February 2018.Retrieved7 May2018.
  35. ^"West Seattle Connection: World's Only Hydraulically Operated Double-Leaf Concrete Swing Bridge"(PDF).City of Seattle Engineering Department.Archived(PDF)from the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved25 February2014.
  36. ^"Freight – Q324 Crosses the St. Joseph River on a wonderful may evening – Railroadfan.com Photo Gallery".Railroadfan.com.9 June 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved17 February2016.
  37. ^Leaphart, David (2016).Walt Disney World Railroads Part 3: Yucatan Jewels(1st ed.). Steel Wheel on Steel Rail Studio. pp. 148–149.ISBN978-1-533-03707-7.
  38. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved17 February2016.
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