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Tata Motors

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Tata Motors Limited
FormerlyTata Engineering and Locomotive Company Ltd. (TELCO)
Company typePublic
ISININ9155A01020
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1945;79 years ago(1945)
FounderJ. R. D. Tata
HeadquartersMumbai,Maharashtra,India[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
Production output
1.1 million (2021)
Services
RevenueIncrease₹443,877 crore(US$53 billion) (2024)[3]
Increase₹28,232 crore(US$3.4 billion) (2024)[3]
Increase₹31,806 crore(US$3.8 billion) (2024)[3]
Total assetsIncrease₹370,663 crore(US$44 billion) (2024)[4]
Total equityIncrease₹93,093 crore(US$11 billion) (2024)[4]
Number of employees
91,811 (2024)[5]
ParentTata Group
Subsidiaries
RatingS&PBB/Stable[6]
Websitetatamotors.com

Tata Motors Limitedis an Indianmultinationalautomotivecompany, headquartered inMumbaiand part of theTata Group.The company producescars,trucks,vans,andbuses.[7]

Subsidiaries include BritishJaguar Land Roverand South KoreanTata Daewoo.Tata Motors has joint ventures withHitachi(Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery) andStellantis,which makes vehicle parts for Fiat Chrysler and Tata-branded vehicles.

Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and vehicle plants inJamshedpur,Pantnagar,Lucknow,Sanand,Dharwad,andPunein India, as well as inArgentina,South Africa,theUnited Kingdom,andThailand.It has research and development centers in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, Dharwad, India andSouth Korea,the United Kingdom, andSpain.Tata Motors is listed on theBSEandNSE,and is a constituent of theBSE SENSEXandNIFTY 50benchmark indices. The company is ranked 265th on theFortune Global 500list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2019.[8]

On 17 January 2017,Natarajan Chandrasekaranwas appointed chairman of the companyTata Group.Tata Motors increased itsUVmarket shareto over 8% in FY2019.[9]

History[edit]

Tata Sierra(1991-2000)
Tata Sumo(1994–2019)

Tata Motors was founded in 1945, as alocomotivemanufacturer.Tata Groupentered the commercial vehicle sector in 1954 after forming ajoint venturewithDaimler-Benzof Germany in which Tata developed a manufacturing facility in Jamshedpur for Daimler lorries.[10]By November 1954 Tata and Daimler manufactured their first goods carrier chassis at their Jamshedpur plant with 90-100 hp and capacity of 3-5 tons.[11]After years of dominating thecommercial vehiclemarket in India, Tata Motors entered the passenger vehicle market in 1991 by launching theTata Sierra,a sport utility vehicle based on theTata Mobileplatform. Tata subsequently launched theTata Estate(1992; astation wagondesign based on the earlier Tata Mobile), theTata Sumo(1994, a 5-door SUV) and theTata Safari(1998).[citation needed]

Tata Indica(first generation)

Tata launched the Indica in 1998. A newer version of the car, named Indica V2, later appeared. Tata Motors also exported cars to South Africa.[12]

In the 2000s, Tata Motors made a series of acquisitions and partnerships, acquiringDaewoo's South Korea-based truck manufacturing unit,[13]a joint venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo,Tata Marcopolo Bus,[14]Jaguar Land Rover.,[15][16][17][18]Hispano Carrocera,[19]and an 80% stake in the Italian design and engineering company Trilix.[20]

On 12 October 2021, private equity firm TPG invested $1 billion in Tata Motors' electric vehicle subsidiary.[21]

Operations[edit]

Tata Motors has vehicle assembly operations in India, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Thailand, Spain, and South Africa. It plans to establish plants in Turkey, Indonesia, and Eastern Europe.

Tata Motors Cars[edit]

Main article:Tata Motors Cars

Tata Motors Carsis a division of Tata Motors which produces passenger cars under the Tata Motors hood. Tata Motors is among the top five passenger vehicle brands in India with products in the compact, midsize car, and utility vehicle segments.[22]The company's manufacturing base in India is spread acrossJamshedpur(Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), Dharwad (Karnataka) and Sanand (Gujarat). Tata's dealership, sales, service, and spare parts network comprise over 3,500 touchpoints.[22]Tata Motors has more than 250 dealerships in more than 195 cities across 27statesand fourUnion Territoriesof India.[23]It has the third-largest sales and service network afterMaruti SuzukiandHyundai.

Tata also has franchisee/joint venture assembly operations in Kenya, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Russia, and Senegal.[24]Tata has dealerships in 26 countries across 4 continents.[25]Tata is present in many countries, it has managed to create a large consumer base in theIndian subcontinent,namely India, Bangladesh, Bhutan,Sri Lankaand Nepal. Tata is also present in Italy,[26]Spain,[27]Poland,[28]Romania,[29]Turkey,[30]Chile,[31]South Africa,[32]Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Iraq, Syria and Australia.

Tata Daewoo[edit]

Main article:Tata Daewoo
Tata LPT Trucks made at overseas plants

Tata Daewoo (officially Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company and formerly Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company) is a commercial vehicle manufacturer headquartered inGunsan,Jeollabuk-doSouth Korea,and a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors. It is the second-largest heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer in South Korea and was acquired by Tata Motors in 2004. The principal reasons behind the acquisition were to reduce Tata's dependence on the Indian commercial vehicle market (which was responsible for around 94% of its sales in the MHCV segment and around 84% in the light commercial vehicle segment) and expand its product portfolio by leveraging on Daewoo's strengths in the heavy-tonnage sector.

Tata Motors has jointly worked with Tata Daewoo to develop trucks such as Novus and World Truck and buses including GloBus and StarBus. In 2012, Tata began developing a new line to manufacture competitive and fuel-efficient commercial vehicles to face the competition posed by the entry of international brands such as Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and Navistar into the Indian market.[33]

Tata Hispano[edit]

Main article:Tata Hispano

Tata Hispano Motors Carrocera, S.A. was a bus and coach manufacturer based in Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors. Tata Hispano has plants in Zaragoza, Spain, and Casablanca, Morocco. Tata Motors first acquired a 21% stake inHispano CarroceraSA in 2005,[34]and purchased the remaining 79% for an undisclosed sum in 2009, making it a fully owned subsidiary, subsequently renamed Tata Hispano. In 2013, Tata Hispano ceased production at its Zaragoza plant.[35][36]

TML Drivelines[edit]

TML Drivelines Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors engaged in the manufacture of gearboxes and axles for heavy and medium commercial vehicles. It has production facilities at Jamshedpur and Lucknow. TML Forge division is also a recent acquisition of TML Drivelines. TML Drivelines was formed through the merger of HV Transmission and HV Axles.

Tata Technologies[edit]

Tata TechnologiesLimited (TTL) is a 43%-owned subsidiary of Tata Motors which provides design, engineering, andbusiness process outsourcingservices to the automotive industry. It is headquartered inPune'sHinjawadi business districtand also has operations inLondon,DetroitandThailand.Its clients include Ford,General Motors,Honda,andToyota.

The British engineering and design services company Incat International, which specialises in engineering and design services and product lifecycle management in the automotive, aerospace, and engineering sectors, is a wholly owned subsidiary of TTL. It was acquired by TTL in August 2005 for₹4 billion.

In 2017, TAL, a subsidiary of Tata Motors, manufactured India's first industrial articulated robot for micro, small, and medium enterprises.[36]

European Technical Centre[edit]

The Tata Motors European Technical Centre (TMETC) is an automotive design, engineering, and research company based atWMG, University of Warwickon the campus of theUniversity of Warwickin England. It was established in 2005 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors. It was the joint developer of the World Truck.[37]

In September 2013, it was announced that a newNational Automotive Innovation Campuswould be built at WMG at Warwick's main campus at a cost of £100 million.[38][39]The initiative will be a partnership between Tata Motors, the university, and Jaguar Land Rover, with £30 million in funding coming from Tata Motors.[40]

Subsidiaries[edit]

Jaguar Land Rover[edit]

Range Rover (L405)
Main article:Jaguar Land Rover
Land Rover Defender
Land Rover Defender

Jaguar Land Rover PLCis a premium British automaker headquartered inWhitley, Coventry,United Kingdom, and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors since June 2008, when it was acquired fromFord Motor Companyof USA.[41]Its principal activity is the development, manufacture and sale ofJaguarluxury and sports cars andLand Roverpremium four-wheel-drive vehicles.

Jaguar Land Rover has two design centres and three assembly plants in the United Kingdom. Under Tata ownership, Jaguar Land Rover has launched new vehicles including theRange Rover Evoque,Jaguar F-Type,theJaguar XE,theJaguar XJ (X351),the second-generationRange Rover Sport,andJaguar XF,the fourth-generationLand Rover Discovery,Range Rover Velarand theRange Rover (L405).

Land Rover Discovery Sport

JD Power, of the US, rates Land Rover and Jaguar as the two worst brands for initial quality. [42]The Jaguar F-Pace madeConsumer ReportsFebruary 2019 list of the 10 Least Reliable Cars. The editors cited "electronics, drive system, power equipment, noises and leaks" as problematic aspects.[43]

The Jaguar Land Rover subsidiary was struggling by 2019 and Tata Motors wrote down its investment in JLR by $3.9 billion. Much of the financial problem was due to a 50% drop in sales in China during 2019, although the situation was improving. Still, Tata was open to considering a partnership with another company according to a statement in mid-October, as long as the partnership agreement would allow Tata to maintain control of the business. The company ruled out the possibility of a sale of JLR to another entity.[44]

In July 2023, Tata announced its plans to invest £4 billion to build an electric car battery factory in the UK, which will be one of the largest of its kind in Europe.[45][46][47]The factory will be the company's first battery production facility outside India.[47]Located inBridgwater,Somerset,the factory will supply Jaguar Land Rover's future battery electric models, including the Range Rover, Defender, Discovery and Jaguar brands, with the potential to also supply other car manufacturers.[36]Production at the new facility is due to start in 2026.

Joint ventures[edit]

Tata Marcopolo[edit]

Main article:Tata Marcopolo
ATata Marcopolobus in use inChandigarh,India

Tata Marcopolo is a bus-manufacturing joint venture between Tata Motors (51%) and the Brazil-basedMarcopolo S.A.(49%). The joint venture manufactures and assembles fully built buses and coaches targeted at developing mass rapid transportation systems. It uses technology and expertise in chassis and aggregates from Tata Motors, and know-how in processes and systems for bodybuilding and bus body design from Marcopolo. Tata Marcopolo has launched a low-floor city bus which is widely used by transport corporations in many Indian cities. Its manufacturing facility is based in Dharwad, Karnataka State, India andLucknow,India.

Tata Motors is expected to buy the 49% stake held by its partner Marcopolo in the bus-making joint venture for ₹100 crore by February 2021. The subsidiary will continue with the ‘Marcopolo’ trademark for a minimum of three years with a non-compete provision in India for a corresponding period.[48]

Fiat-Tata[edit]

Fiat-Tata is an India-based joint venture between Tata andStellantis'Fiatwhich produces Fiat and Tata branded passenger cars, as well as engines and transmissions. Tata Motors has gained access to Fiat'sdiesel engineandtransmissiontechnology through the joint venture.[49]

The two companies formerly also had a distribution joint venture through which Fiat products were sold in India through joint Tata-Fiat dealerships. This distribution arrangement was ended in March 2013; Fiats have since been distributed in India byFiat Automobiles India Limited,a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiat[50][51]and now Tata Motors.

Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery[edit]

Main article:Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery

Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery is a joint venture between Tata Motors andHitachiwhich manufactures excavators and other construction equipment.[citation needed]It was previously known as Telcon Construction Solutions.[citation needed]

Tata Motors European Technical Centre[edit]

The TATA Motors European Technical Centre is an automotive design, engineering, and research company.[citation needed]Company based atWMG, University of Warwickin the United Kingdom.[citation needed]It was established in 2005 and is wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors. It was the joint developer of the World Truck.[citation needed]In September 2013 it was announced that a new National Automotive Innovative Campus would be built at WMG at Warwick's main campus at a cost of 92 million pounds.[52]The initiative will be a partnership between Tata Motors, the university, and Jaguar Land Rover, with the 30 million pounds in funding coming from Tata Motors.[53]

Hyundai-Tata[edit]

Tata Motors andHyundaiare in a joint venture to provide the automatic transmission forTata Safari&Tata Harriermodel.[54]

Products[edit]

For details of Land Rover and Jaguar products, seeJaguar Land Rover.

Passenger vehicles[edit]

Main article:Tata Motors Cars § Products

Current Models[edit]

Model Year of Introduction
Hatchback
Tata Tiago 2016[55]
Tata Altroz 2020
Sedan
Tata Tigor 2016
SUV/Crossover
Tata Punch 2021
Tata Nexon 2017
Tata Harrier 2018
Tata Safari 2021
Electric
Tata Nexon EV 2020
Tata Tigor EV 2021
Tata Tiago EV 2022
Tata Punch EV 2023

Commercial vehicles[edit]

  • Tata Ace
  • Tata Super Ace
  • Tata Intra
    • Tata Intra V10
    • Tata Intra V20
    • Tata Intra V30
    • Tata Intra V50
  • Tata Xenon XT
  • Tata Yodha
  • Tata Ace Mega
  • Tata Iris
  • Tata TL/Telcoline/207Pick-up truck
  • Tata 407Ex and Ex2
  • Tata 709 Ex
  • Tata 807 (Steel cabin chassis, cowl chassis, medium bus chassis, steel cabin + steel body chassis)
  • Tata 809 Ex and Ex2
  • Tata 909 Ex and Ex2
  • Tata 1210 SE and SFC (Semi Forward)
  • Tata 1210 LP (Long Plate)
  • Tata 1109 (Intermediate truck/ LCV bus)
  • Tata 1512c (Medium bus chassis)
  • Tata 1515c/1615 (Medium bus chassis)
  • Tata 1612c/1616c/1618c (Heavy bus chassis)
  • Tata 1618 (Semilow-floor bus chassis)
  • Tata 1623 (Rear-engined low-floor bus chassis)
  • Tata 1518C (Medium truck) 10 ton
  • Tata 1613/1615c (Medium truck)
  • Tata 1616/1618c (Heavy duty truck)
  • Tata 2515c/2516c/2518c (Heavy duty 10-wheeler truck)
  • Tata Starbus(Branded buses for city, intercity, school bus, and standard passenger transportation)
  • Tata Divo (Hispano Divo)
  • Tata CityRide (12- to 20-seater buses for intracity use)
  • Tata 3015 (Heavy truck)
  • Tata 3118 (Heavy truck) (8×2)
  • Tata 3516 (Heavy truck)
  • Tata 4018 (Heavy truck)
  • Tata 4923 (Ultraheavy truck) (6×4)
  • Tata Novus
  • Tata Prima
  • Tata SIGNA series
  • Tata Ultra series (ICV Segment)
  • Tata Winger- (Maxivan)

Electric vehicles[edit]

Tata Motors has unveiled electric versions of theTata Indicapassenger car powered by TM4 electric motors and inverters,[56]as well as theTata Acecommercial vehicle, both of which run on lithium batteries which launched in 2022.

In 2008 Tata Motors' UK subsidiary, Tata Motors European Technical Centre, bought a 50.3% holding inelectric vehicletechnology firm Miljøbil Grenland/Innovasjon of Norway forUS$1.93 million, and planned to launch the electric Indica hatchback in Europe the following year.[57][58][59]In September 2010, Tata Motors presented four CNG–Electric Hybrid low-floored Starbuses to the Delhi Transport Corporation, to be used during the2010 Commonwealth Games.These were the first environmentally friendly buses to be used for public transportation in India.

In December 2019, Tata Motors unveiled the Nexon EV, an SUV with a 30.2KWh lithium-ion battery and a consistent range of 312 km on a single charge. It is also equipped with fast charging technology, which can charge the vehicle from 0% - 80% in 60 minutes.[60]With 525 units of Nexon EV sold in India last month, Tata Nexon EV[61]was the best-selling electric car in the month of April 2021 in India.

Tata Passenger Electric Mobilityis a subsidiary which produces electric cars under the brand name Tata Motors.[62]

List of Tata electric vehicles:

Electric Vehicle Concepts[edit]

Discontinued Models[edit]

Notable vehicles[edit]

Tata Nano[edit]

Main article:Tata Nano
Tata Nanois often cited as the world's most affordable car

The Nano was launched in 2009 as acity carintended to appeal as an affordable alternative to the section of the Indian populace that is primarily the owner of motorcycles and has not bought their first car. Initially priced at ₹100,000 (US$1,500), the vehicle attracted a lot of attention for its relatively low price. However, the Nano was very poorly rated for safety[66][67]and in 2018, Cyrus Mistry, chairman of the Tata Group, called the Tata Nano a failed project, with production ending in May 2018.[68]

Tata Ace[edit]

Main article:Tata Ace
Tata Super Ace

Tata Ace, India's first indigenously developed sub-one-tonminitruck,was launched in May 2005. The minitruck was a huge success in India with auto analysts claiming that Ace had changed the dynamics of the light commercial vehicle (LCV) market in the country by creating a new market segment termed the smallcommercial vehiclesegment. Ace rapidly emerged as the first choice for transporters and single truck owners for city and rural transport.

By October 2005, LCV sales of Tata Motors had grown by 36.6% to 28,537 units due to the rising demand for Ace. The Ace was built with a load body produced by Autoline Industries.[69]

By 2005, Autoline was producing 300 load bodies per day for Tata Motors. Ace is still a top seller for TML with 500,000 units sold by June 2010.[70]In 2011, Tata Motors invested Rs 1000 crore in Dharwad Plant, Karnataka, with the capacity of 90,000 units annually and launched two models of 0.5-T capacity as Tata Ace Zip, Magic Iris.[71]Ace has also been exported to several Asian, European, South American, and African countries and all-electric models are sold throughPolaris Industries'Global Electric Motorcarsdivision. In Sri Lanka, it is sold throughDiesel & Motor Engineering(DIMO) PLC under the name of DIMO Batta.

Tata Prima[edit]

Main article:Tata Prima
ATata Prima4928.S inAssam,India

Tata Prima is a range of heavy trucks first introduced in 2008 as the company's 'global' truck. Tata Prima was the winner of the 'Commercial Vehicle of the Year' at the Apollo Commercial Vehicles Awards, 2010 and 2012.

Tata 407[edit]

Main article:Tata 407
ATata 407being used as water truck

The Tata 407 is a light commercial vehicle (LCV) that has sold over 500,000 units since its launch in 1986.[72]In India, this vehicle dominates market share of the LCV category, accounting for close to 75% of LCV sales. The 407 model range includestrucks,tippers,pick-upsandvehiclesfor agri/food products,construction,light mining and services.[73]

Tata Harrier[edit]

Main article:Tata Harrier
Tata Harrier

Tata Harrier is a 5-seater SUV that rivals theMG HectorandJeep Compass.This car uses the engine fromFiatwhich is a 2.0 L-4 cylinder turbocharged diesel motor and transmission fromHyundaiwhich is a 6-speed, available in both manual and automatic. Tata Harrier is derived from the H5X Concept displayed at the 2018 Auto Expo. It was launched on 23 January 2019.[74]

The car is aC-segmentcrossover SUVbased on theOmegaArc platform,an essentially re-engineered version of the Jaguar Land Rover D8 platform.[75]A petrol variant of the Harrier is confirmed to launch in 2022–23.[76]

Tata Harrier is also available inNepalwith the name H5.

Tata Nexon[edit]

Main article:Tata Nexon
Tata Nexon

The Tata Nexon is asubcompact crossover SUVproduced by Tata Motors since 2017. It is the first crossover SUV from Tata Motors, and occupies the sub-4 metre crossover SUV segment in India.[77]The electric version of the Nexon was revealed on 19 December 2019. The Nexon EV uses components from Tata Motors' electric vehicle technology brand Ziptron. The electric motor produces 94.7 kW (127 hp; 129 PS) and 245 N⋅m (181 lbf⋅ft) of torque and 0 - 100 under 9.9 seconds. It has a 30.2 kWh battery with anARAIrated range of up to 312 km.[78]

The battery can be fully charged in under 8 hours using a complimentary AC charger. It can also be charged using a 15-ampere power cable that can be used at any place with the necessary power socket. DC 25 kW fast charging can be used to charge the battery from 0 to 80% in 1 hour.[79]

Restructuring[edit]

In March 2024, Tata Motors announced plans to undergo a significant restructuring by splitting into two separate listed entities. This strategic move aims to enhance operational efficiencies and focus on distinct business segments. The demerger is expected to allow each entity to pursue tailored growth strategies and attract specific investor bases. The announcement was well-received by the market, with Tata Motors' stock experiencing a notable jump following the news.[80][81][82]

See also[edit]

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