A proliferation-inducing ligand(APRIL), also known astumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13(TNFSF13), is aproteinof theTNFsuperfamily recognized by thecell surface receptorTACI.[5][6]It is encoded by theTNFSF13gene.[6]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of thetumor necrosis factorligand (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand forTNFRSF17/BCMA, a member of theTNF receptorfamily. This protein and its receptor are both found to be important forB celldevelopment. In vivo experiments suggest an important role for APRIL in the long-term survival of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Mice deficient in APRIL have normal immune system development.[7]However, APRIL-deficient mice have also been reported to possess a reduced ability to support plasma cell survival.[8]In vitro experiments suggested that this protein may be able to induceapoptosisthrough its interaction with other TNF receptor family proteins such asTNFRSF6/FAS andTNFRSF14/HVEM.[9]Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
APRIL is being explored as a target for autoimmune diseases and B cell malignancies.[12]At least one anti-APRIL monoclonal antibody has been announced to enter phase I clinical trials formultiple myeloma.[13]
^Ryan MC, Grewal IS (2009-01-01). "Targeting of BAFF and APRIL for Autoimmunity and Oncology". In Grewal IS (ed.).Therapeutic Targets of the TNF Superfamily.Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 647. New York: Springer. pp. 52–63.doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89520-8_4.ISBN978-0-387-89519-2.PMID19760066.
Bossen C, Schneider P (October 2006). "BAFF, APRIL and their receptors: structure, function and signaling".Seminars in Immunology.18(5): 263–275.doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.006.PMID16914324.
Tangye SG, Bryant VL, Cuss AK, Good KL (October 2006). "BAFF, APRIL and human B cell disorders".Seminars in Immunology.18(5): 305–317.doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.004.PMID16916610.
Treml LS, Crowley JE, Cancro MP (October 2006). "BLyS receptor signatures resolve homeostatically independent compartments among naïve and antigen-experienced B cells".Seminars in Immunology.18(5): 297–304.doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.001.PMID16919470.
Mackay F, Leung H (October 2006). "The role of the BAFF/APRIL system on T cell function".Seminars in Immunology.18(5): 284–289.doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.005.PMID16931039.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides".Gene.138(1–2): 171–174.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8.PMID8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library".Gene.200(1–2): 149–156.doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3.PMID9373149.
Cousin P, Billotte J, Chaubert P, Shaw P (January 2000). "Physical map of 17p13 and the genes adjacent to p53".Genomics.63(1): 60–68.doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6062.PMID10662545.
Kelly K, Manos E, Jensen G, Nadauld L, Jones DA (February 2000). "APRIL/TRDL-1, a tumor necrosis factor-like ligand, stimulates cell death".Cancer Research.60(4): 1021–1027.PMID10706119.
Yu G, Boone T, Delaney J, Hawkins N, Kelley M, Ramakrishnan M, et al. (September 2000). "APRIL and TALL-I and receptors BCMA and TACI: system for regulating humoral immunity".Nature Immunology.1(3): 252–256.doi:10.1038/79802.PMID10973284.S2CID6799584.