Television studio
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Atelevision studio,also called atelevision production studio,is an installation room in whichvideo productionstake place, either for the production oflive televisionand its recording ontovideo tapeor other media such as SSDs, or for the acquisition of rawfootageforpost-production.The design of a studio is similar to, and derived from, movie studios, with a few amendments for the special requirements of television production. A professional television studio generally has several rooms, which are kept separate for noise and practicality reasons. These rooms are connected via 'talkback' or anintercom,and personnel will be divided among these workplaces.
Studio floor
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The studio floor is the actual stage on which the actions that will be recorded and viewed take place. A typical studio floor has the following characteristics and installations:
- decoration and/orsets
- professional video camera(sometimes one, usually several), typically mounted onpedestals
- microphonesandfoldback speakers
- stage lightingrigs and the associatedLighting control console,although it is often located in theproduction control room(PCR)
- severalvideo monitorsfor visual feedback from the PCR
- a smallpublic addresssystem for communication
- a glass window between the PCR and studio floor for direct visual contact is often desired, but not always possible
View from an audience seat of a late night talk show
While a production is in progress, people composing atelevision crewwork on the studio floor.
- the on-screen presenters themselves, and any guests - the subjects of thetelevision show.
- afloor manager,who has overall charge of the studio areastage management,and who relays timing and other information from thetelevision director.
- one or morecamera operatorswho operate thecameras,though in some instances these can also be operated from the PCR using remotely controlled roboticpan tilt zoom camera(PTZ) heads.
- possibly ateleprompteroperator,especially if this is alive televisionnews broadcast
Production control room
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The production control room is the place in a television studio in which the composition of the outgoing program takes place. The production control room is occasionally also called a studio control room (SCR) or a "gallery" – the latter name comes from the original placement of the director on an ornately carved bridge spanning theBBC's first studio atAlexandra Palace,which was once referred to as like aminstrels' gallery.[1]
The vast majority of devices in a PCR are interfaces for rack-mounted equipment that is located in theCentral Apparatus Room(CAR).
Central apparatus room
[edit]Thecentral apparatus room(CAR) houses equipment that is too noisy or runs too hot to be located in theproduction control room(PCR). It also makes sure thatcoax cable,SDI cable,fibre-optic cableor other wire lengths and installation requirements keep within manageable lengths, since most high-quality wiring runs only between devices in this room. This can include the actual circuitry and connections between:
- character generator(CG)
- camera control units(CCU)
- digital video effects(DVE)
- video routers
- video servers
- vision mixer(video switcher)
- VTRs
- patch panels
Master control room
[edit]Master controlis the technical hub of a broadcast operation common among most over-the-airtelevision stationsandtelevision networks.Master control is distinct from a PCR in television studios where the activities such as switching from camera to camera are coordinated. Atransmission control room(TCR) is usually smaller in size and is a scaled-down version ofcentralcasting.
The master control room in a UStelevision stationis the place where the on-air signal is controlled. It may include controls toplayoutpre-recordedtelevision programsandtelevision commercials,switch local ortelevision networkfeeds, recordsatellitefeeds and monitor the transmitter(s), or these items may be in an adjacent equipment rack room. If the program is broadcast live, the signal goes from the PCR to MCR and then out to the transmitter.
Other facilities
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A television studio usually has other rooms with no technical requirements beyondvideo monitorsandstudio monitorsfor audio. Among them are:[2]
- one or moremake-upandchanging rooms
- a reception area for crew, talent, and visitors, commonly called thegreen room
- an audience handling area
See also
[edit]- Broadcast engineering
- Electronic field production(EFP)
- Electronic news-gathering(ENG)
- Remote broadcast
- Outside broadcasting(OB)
- Television crew
- Television studies
- Production team
References
[edit]- ^"Behind the scenes at the cradle of TV".BBC News.2 November 2011.Retrieved2 November2011.Video of features of Alexandra Palace
- ^"Television Studio Facilities / Components".Broadcast West. 2 April 2014.Retrieved10 January2015.
External links
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Media related toTelevision studiosat Wikimedia Commons