Tamien people
 Map of historical Tamyen territory | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Santa Clara Valley,California | |
| Languages | |
| Tamyen language |
TheTamien people(also spelled asTamyen,Thamien) are one of eight linguistic divisions of theOhlone (Costanoan)people groups ofNative Americanswho live inNorthern California.[1]The Tamien traditionally lived throughout theSanta Clara Valley.[2]The use of the name Tamien is on record as early as 1777; it comes from theOhlonename for the location of the first Mission Santa Clara (Mission Santa Clara de Tamine) on theGuadalupe River.Father Pena mentioned in a letter toJunipero Serrathat the area around the mission was calledThamienby the native people.[3][4]The missionary fathers erected the mission on January 17, 1777, at the native village of So-co-is-u-ka.[5]
In 1925,Alfred Kroeber,then director of theHearst Museum of Anthropology,declared the Ohlone extinct, which directly led to the tribe losing federal recognition and land rights.[6]
Language
[edit]Traditionally, the Tamien people spoke theTamien language,a NorthernOhlone language,which ceased to be spoken since possibly the early 19th century. "Tamyen", also calledSanta Clara Costanoan,has been extended to mean the Native people of Santa Clara Valley, as well as the language they spoke. Tamien is listed as one of eight Costanoan language dialects in theUtian family,although the legitimacy of the Utian genetic group is contested.[8]Tamien was the primary language of the Native people living at the first and secondMission Santa Clara(both founded in 1777). Linguistically, it is thought thatChochenyo,Tamyen andRamaytushare dialects of a single language. However, this has not been proven and Chochenyo, Tamien, and Ramaytush remain separate political tribes.
Territory
[edit]Tamien territory extends over most of the present daySanta Clara County, California,and was bordered by communities that spoke other Ohlone languages:Ramaytushto the northwest on theSan Francisco Peninsula,Chochenyo,East Bay,Mutsun,south of San Martin, and theAkwaswasto the southwest. Tamien villages were not "tribelets" but a Nation of Tamien speaking villages.
Tribes and villages
[edit]TheTamyen(Tamien, Thamien) people are associated with the original site of Mission Santa Clara (Mission Santa Clara de Thamien) on theGuadalupe River,1777. The entire Santa Clara Valley was populated with dozens of Tamien speaking villages, several onCoyote Creek.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^"Tamyen." Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, California Language Archive, 2019,https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/tamyen.php.
- ^"Pre-History." San Jose History,https://www.sanjosehistory.org/pre-history/
- ^Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925.Handbook of the Indians of California.Washington, D.C:Bureau of American Ethnology BulletinNo. 78. (map of villages, page 465)
- ^Hylkema, Mark.Archaeological Investigations at the Third Location of Mission Santa Clara De Assis: The Murguia Mission 1781-1818,1995. Caltrans Report (CA-SCL-30/H) (page 20)
- ^"Santa Clara". California Office of Historic Preservation, 2021,https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=21522.
- ^Brown, Patricia Leigh (2022-12-11)."Indigenous Founders of a Museum Cafe Put Repatriation on the Menu".The New York Times.Retrieved2023-08-13.
- ^Chapman, Robin (2018-10-15).Historic Bay Area Visionaries.Arcadia Publishing.ISBN9781439665503.
- ^Randall Milliken, Laurence H. Shoup, and Beverly R. Ortiz, "Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today" (2009), Chapter 2 Native Languages of West-Central California,https://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/chapter-2.pdf
References
[edit]- Hylkema, Mark. "Tamien Station Archeological Project", published by Bean, Lowell John, editor, inThe Ohlone: Past and Present Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region.Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1994.ISBN0-87919-129-5(pages 249–270).
- Levy, Richard. 1978.Costanoan,inHandbook of North American Indians, vol. 8 (California).William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978.ISBN0-16-004578-9/ 0160045754, pages 485–495.
- Milliken, Randall.A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1910Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1995.ISBN0-87919-132-5(alk. paper)
- Teixeira, Lauren.The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area, A Research Guide.Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1997.ISBN0-87919-141-4.