Tao Zhu
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Tao Zhu | |||||||||
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Đào chú | |||||||||
 Tao Zhu | |||||||||
| Head of thePublicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party | |||||||||
| In office December 1966 – 1967 | |||||||||
| Preceded by | Lu Dingyi | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Geng Biao | ||||||||
| Standing Secretary of theSecretariat of the Chinese Communist Party | |||||||||
| In office June 1966 – 1967 | |||||||||
| Preceded by | New title | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Position revoked | ||||||||
| President of theJinan University | |||||||||
| In office June 1958 – January 1963 | |||||||||
| Preceded by | Li Shouyong | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Chen Xujing | ||||||||
| First Secretaryof theGuangdong Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party | |||||||||
| In office July 1955 – February 1965 | |||||||||
| Preceded by | Ye Jianying | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Zhao Ziyang | ||||||||
| Chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of theChinese People's Political Consultative Conference | |||||||||
| In office January 1955 – December 1960 | |||||||||
| Preceded by | New title | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Ou Mengjue | ||||||||
| Governor of Guangdong | |||||||||
| In office September 1953 – August 1957 | |||||||||
| Preceded by | Ye Jianying | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Chen Yu | ||||||||
| Political Commissar of thePLA Guangdong Military District | |||||||||
| In office June 1952 – July 1954 | |||||||||
| Commander | Huang Yiping | ||||||||
| Preceded by | Tan Zheng | ||||||||
| Succeeded by | Song Weishi | ||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||
| Born | 16 January 1908 Qiyang County,Hunan,Qing China | ||||||||
| Died | 30 November 1969(aged 61) Hefei,Anhui,China | ||||||||
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party | ||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
| Children | Tao Siliang | ||||||||
| Parent | Tao Tiezheng | ||||||||
| Alma mater | Whampoa Military Academy | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | ĐàoChú | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | ĐàoChú | ||||||||
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| Tao Jihua | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | ĐàoTếHoa | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | ĐàoTếHoa | ||||||||
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| Art name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | KiếmHàn | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | KiếmHàn | ||||||||
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Tao Zhu(Chinese:Đào chú;pinyin:Táo Zhù;Wade–Giles:T'ao Chu;16 January 1908 – 30 November 1969) was a member of thePolitburo Standing Committeeof theChinese Communist Party.
Biography[edit]
Tao was born inQiyang County,Hunan,on 16 January 1908.
He was imprisoned inNanjingby theKuomintanggovernment from 1933 to 1937. As for many other cadres, during theRectification Campaignhaving been in a KMT prison was a reason to suspect him as a spy and he was put under investigation.[1]: 556–557
Tao Zhu was Secretary of theGuangdongProvincial Committee and Commander of theGuangzhouMilitary Region. He became implicated during theGao Gang affairbut was protected from criticism byMao Zedong.In 1958, during the initial stages of theGreat Leap Forward,he participated enthusiastically in the "anti-hoarding campaign" in Guangdong, believing that reported production figures were real, and that the observed food shortage was only due to peasants' hoarding. Within a year, he realized his mistake as his campaign was not able to discover stored food supplies in villages; in fact, most peasants were starving. In the 1959Lushan Conference,he initially sympathized withPeng Dehuaiin his criticism of the Great Leap Forward. However, after a harsh reaction fromMao Zedong,Tao Zhu switched sides and joined up in Mao's attack on "right-leaning opportunists", submitting a list of his own officials that he identified as "opportunists". Nonetheless, in Guangdong, Tao's government took steps to reverse the damage of the Great Leap Forward by expanding individual peasant ownership of land and allowing emigration to Hong Kong.
He later became First Secretary of the Central-South region, and in 1965 was moved toBeijingto replaceLu Dingyias Director of the Central Propaganda Department when Lu was purged for not adhering strongly to the Maoist line. Tao was a Vice Premier of the State Council and Secretary of the Central Secretariat of the CPC, as well as an advisor to theCultural Revolution Group.
In May 1966, Tao Zhu was promoted to No. 4 in the party, behindMao Zedong,Lin BiaoandZhou Enlai.That allowed his protégé,Zhao Ziyang,to take over as head of Guangdong province. Tao became a member of the Politburo Standing Committee at the Eleventh Plenum in August 1966 at the outset of theCultural Revolution.
Tao and Zhao were among the most enthusiastic of the early pro-Red Guard CPC leaders, but quickly fell from favour because they tried to control the excesses of the radical leftists led byZhang ChunqiaoandJiang Qing.[2]During an enlarged Politburo meeting in 1966 he was attacked byWang Li,a junior member of the CRG, for curtailing revolution with the excuse of protecting production.[3]: 69 In mid-December he was again attacked by the CRG for allegedly protectingWang Renzhong.At first he was protected by Mao Zedong, with Mao criticising Jiang Qing actions, but the CRG continued their attacks. He defended treating the cases of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping as contradictions among the people, this caused Mao's displease and, despite the encouragement ofZhou EnlaiandLin Biaoto adopt a more passive attitude, the attacks by the CRG persisted.[3]: 70–71 He was labelled "the proxy leader ofLiu-and-Deng-roaders "and a" Khrushchev-style ambitionist "by leading radical leftists[1]: 557 and placed under house arrest in early 1967. Oddly enough, Mao continued criticisingChen BodaandJiang Qingfor excesses on handling his case, but nothing was done to protect him.
While under house arrest, Tao was diagnosed withgallbladder cancer,but was initially denied medical treatment.Zhou Enlaieventually intervened to arrange an operation, but by then Tao's cancer was too advanced to treat successfully, and Tao died in a hospital. Tao's family was not allowed to see him either on his deathbed or after his death.[4]He was posthumously exonerated in 1978, afterDeng Xiaopingrose to power. He was remembered as a man of great integrity.
Tao's daughter, Tao Siliang, became a Chinese politician in the late 1980s, leading several government initiatives in public health and the import of Western medical technology.
References[edit]
- ^abHua, Gao (2018-11-15).How the Red Sun Rose: The Origin and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945.The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.ISBN978-962-996-822-9.
- ^Vogel, Ezra,Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949-68,Harper & Row (New York), 1969 SBNN: 06-131629-6, p. 326-327
- ^abTeiwes, Frederick C.; Sun, Warren.The Lin Biao Tragedy: Riding the Tiger during the Cultural Revolution.
- ^Chung, Jang.Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China.Touchstone: New York, NY. 2003.ISBN0-7432-4698-5.p.391.
| International | |
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| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1908 births
- 1969 deaths
- Governors of Guangdong
- Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan
- Victims of the Cultural Revolution
- People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan
- Politicians from Yongzhou
- Academic staff of Jinan University
- Presidents of Jinan University
- Educators from Hunan
- Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China
- Deaths from gallbladder cancer
- Heads of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
- Members of the 8th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
- Members of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
- People from Qiyang County
- Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery