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Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Pakistan)

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Tehreek e Jafria Pakistan
تحریکِ جعفریہ پاکستان
AbbreviationTJP
Leader
FoundersAllama Syed Muhammad Dehlavi
Shaikh Muhammad Hussain Najafi
Syed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini
Founded1979
HeadquartersIslamabad
Student wingJafaria Students Organization
Political wingShia Ulema Council
IdeologyPakistan Shiiteminority rights[1][2][3]
Ja'farirevivalism[4]
Shia Islamism
Clericalism[5]
Wilayat al Faqih[6]
Political Islam[7]
Anti-imperialism[7]
Factions:
Political positionBig tent
Factions:
Right-wingtofar-right
ReligionShia Islam
National affiliationSupreme Shia Ulema Board[10]
Islami Tehreek Pakistan[11]
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
Imamia Students Organization[12][13][14]
International affiliationIslamic Council of Iran
ColorsBlack,RedandGreen
SloganAllāhu ʾakbar
Arabic:الله أكبر
(lit. 'Godis greatest')
Website
www.jafariapress.com

Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan(Urdu:تحریکِ جعفریہ پاکستان,lit. 'Pakistan Movement of the Ja'fari';TJP), formerlyTehreek Nifaz Fiqah-e-Jafaria Arif Hussaini/Sajid Naqvi Group(TNFJ Sajid Naqvi Group) was the Shia political party in Pakistan from 1979 to 2000. Belonging to theJa'farischoolofIslamic jurisprudence,TNFJ (Arif Hussaini Group) was founded in 1979 bySyed Arif Hussain Al Hussainisupported by Grand AyatollahMuhammad Hussain NajafiDhaku. Its creation coincided with the enforcement of controversial Islamic laws by thenPresident of Pakistan,GeneralMohammad Zia-ul-Haq.At the same time,1979 Iranian RevolutioninShi'a Iranadded extra confidence and comfort in the movement.

In 1988, TJP under the leadership of Molana Sajid Naqvi contested in general elections but failed to win a single seat. After getting banned twice, TJP is working as Shia Ulema Council under the leadership of Allama Sajid Ali Naqvi.[15]

Jafaria Students Organization Pakistan,founded in 1997, was the student wing of TJP.

History

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Foundation

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It was founded by a committee of Shia ulema, and Syed Muhammad Dehlavi of Karachi was elected its first president. After his demise, Mufti Jafar Hussain was elected its president. After Mufti Jafar Hussain's demise, the young Arif Hussain al-Hussaini was asked by senior ulema like Marja' Grand AyatollahMuhammad Hussain Najafiand Safdar Hussain Najafi to accept the leadership. After Arif Hussain's assassination, Sajid Naqvi was elected the next president. Hassan Turabi was the head of party in Sindh province, like Taqi Naqvi heads the party in Punjab.

Internal split and Deaths

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After the death of Mufti Jafar Hussain, TNFH split into two groups: one headed byHamid Moosavi,the follower ofAyatollah Shariatmadari;the other headed by Hussaini, the follower of Khomeini’s teachings. Under Hussaini, the party began to accept Sunni members, but it remained a religious organisation.[16]Respectively due to ideological differences between the two leaders. Arif Hussain Hussaini, a student ofRuhollah Khomeiniwho led the Iranian Revolution, was the group's leader.[17]According toBBC News,the creation of TeJ

coincided with the Shia revolution in Iran and enforcement of controversial Islamic laws by the military ruler of Pakistan, General Zia-ul-Haq. Therevolution in predominantly Shia Iranaround the same time gave an added boost to the organisation. Its leader, Arif Hussain Hussaini was a student of the leader of Iran's Islamic Revolution,Ruhollah Khomeini.[17]

Later in 1988, Arif Hussain Hussaini changed the name of his group from TNFJ-Arif Hussaini group toTehreek-e-Jafaria (TJP)while Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi's group retained the name of TNFJ and has been operating under the same name since. After demise of Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi, Allama Hussain Muqaddesi was elected as TNFJ Chief in October 2022.[18]The TJP founder, Arif Hussain Hussaini was assassinated in 1988 by unknown attackers.

Arif Hussain Hussaini, the patron-in-chief of the TJP, was shot dead inPeshawarnear his mosque/seminary while going to lead the morning prayer on August 5, 1988. Then T.J.P. was led by Hussaini's one of the foremost companionsSyed Sajid Ali Naqvi.

On October 19, 2001, TJP leader Nazir Ahmed Abbas was shot and killed at his shop in the city ofVehari,located in thePunjab province.

Following the death of Zia-ul-Haq, support for the TJP fell, as Pakistani Shias went back to pre-Zia-ul-Haq political loyalties, with many no longer feeling under threat.[citation needed]Furthermore, the elections of moderateBenazir Bhuttoalso gave increased confidence to Shia Muslims and they were no longer under threat and the discrimination ended even though it still exist against the Pakistani Shias.[citation needed]

Sanctions

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On January 12, 2002, the TJP was banned along with three terrorist organizations, by the government of Pakistan.[19]

The TJP was banned twice byPervez Musharraf's government and in January 2002, its leaders were arrested.[citation needed]The T.J.P. was banned again on November 5, 2011, while Pakistan's Shias experienced increasing attacks since 2005 by thePakistani Taliban,Sipah-e-Sahaba,Lashkar-e-Jhangvi,JundullahandJaish-e-Mohammed,[20]

Although TJP has been designated as a "terrorist organisation",Qazi Hussain Ahmad,a senior member of Pakistani Parliament and the leader ofJamaat-e-Islami,Pakistan's oldest Islamist party, says he banned groups have no ties with the militants. He notes that one organization is part of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, the major opposition alliance of religious parties, which also includes Ahmad's group.

Ideology

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According to TJP, Islam is and was the basic ideology of Pakistan; by deviating this ideology, a conspiracy was made to make Pakistan a sectarian state in the period of General Zia-ul-Haq, a dictator. At this stage, the formation of TNFJ was deemed necessary for the failure of this conspiracy.[citation needed]

The main objective of this organisation was to protect the rights of Shia Muslims of Pakistan and give them a voice in theParliament of Pakistan.They do not advocate a Shia Islamic state and have cordial relations with Sunni organization includingSunni Ittehad Council,that is why they joined the coalition of religious political partiesMuttahida Majlis-e-Amalthat won 53 out of 272 elected members in legislative elections held on October 20, 2002.[citation needed]

Coalition

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It was a part of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal coalition of Islamist political parties that won 11.3% of the popular vote and 53 out of 272 seats in the legislative elections held on October 20, 2002.[citation needed]In May 2008, it was reported thatJamaat-e-Islami Pakistan's emir Qazi Hussain Ahmad was considered heading the six-party Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal. Qazi Hussain Ahmad said that he would consider rejoining the MMA after consulting with the executive council of his party and some other seniors.Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)'s chiefFazl-ur-Rahmanhad taskedSajid Naqviof TJP with contacting Qazi Hussain Ahmad and bringing him round to rejoining the alliance.[citation needed]

Tehreek-e-Jafariaand the PakistanTalibanbecame active in the area in mid-2007. The formerTehreek-e-Jafariawas founded by a local Afridi tribesman named Muneer Khan, while theIslamic Talibanwas founded by Momin Afridi. The groups later merged and became part of theTehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.Both leaders were killed in a military operation in the area in 2008.[21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Sixth attack on Shias in Parachinar highlights growing intolerance in Pakistan".April 2017.
  2. ^"Muharram blood donations elixir for thalassaemia children".12 October 2016.
  3. ^"Gilgit Baltistan: That part of Pakistan where coexistance is a reality – The Express Tribune Blog".blogs.tribune.com.pk.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-11-03.
  4. ^Nasr, Mawdudi, Hussaini and Islamic Revivalism 1996,p. 49
  5. ^M Nasif Sharani (2013). Esposito, John L.; Shahin, Emad El-Din (eds.).The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics.Oxford University Press. p. 196.ISBN9780195395891.
  6. ^Alex Vatanka,Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence,I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
  7. ^abJafri 1979,p. 181.
  8. ^Alex Vatanka,Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence,I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
  9. ^Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi passes away
  10. ^Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi passes away
  11. ^"Islami Tehreek Pakistan - ITP, Political Party Profile & Members Details".UrduPoint.Retrieved2020-11-04.
  12. ^"Sixth attack on Shias in Parachinar highlights growing intolerance in Pakistan".April 2017.
  13. ^"Muharram blood donations elixir for thalassaemia children".12 October 2016.
  14. ^"Gilgit Baltistan: That part of Pakistan where coexistance is a reality – The Express Tribune Blog".blogs.tribune.com.pk.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-11-03.
  15. ^https://shiite.news/shiitenews/pakistan-news/item/144385-central-leaders-of-shia-ulema-council-meet-allama-sajid-naqvi-in-rawalpindi-2/[bare URL]
  16. ^"Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan".www.satp.org.
  17. ^ab"Pakistan's militant Islamic groups".BBC News.13 January 2002.
  18. ^"Muqadasi appointed new TNFJ chief".
  19. ^"Pakistan: International Religious Freedom Report 2002".Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.United States Department of State.January 13, 2002.
  20. ^"Suicide bomber kills 24 at Shia mosque in Pakistan".Long War Journal.5 April 2009.
  21. ^"Tehrik-e-Islami / Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP)".GlobalSecurity.org.
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