Teleuts
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|
 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Russia
| 2,643[1] |
| Languages | |
| Teleut | |
| Religion | |
| PredominantlyRussian Orthodox Minority Sunni Islam,shamanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Altaians,Chelkans,Khakas,Kumandins,Siberian Tatars,Shors,Tofalar | |
Teleuts(Altay:тэлэңэт, тэлэңут,romanized:Telenget, Telengut) are aTurkicIndigenous people of Siberialiving inKemerovo Oblast,Russia.[2]According to the 2010census,there were 2,643 Teleuts in Russia. They speak theTeleut language/dialect ofSouthern Altai language.[3][4]
In the Soviet years and until 2000, the authorities considered the Teleuts to be part of theAltai people.Currently, according to theResolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 255 dated March 24, 2000,as well as2002and2010 Russian Census,they are recognized as a separate ethnic group withinIndigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.
History
[edit]The Teleuts were once part of theTiele people.They came under the rule of theFirst Turkic Khaganate.Near the end of the 16th century, the Teleuts wandered the steppe between the Irtysh and the Ob' rivers. They became nominal subjects to theOiratsat this period. Their population at this time numbered 4,000 tents.[5]
The Russians gained control of the region in the mid-eighteenth century and the Teleuts subsequently became their subjects.[6]The Russians called the Teleuts "White Kalmyks" in their documents despite the ethnic and linguistic differences between theKalmyksand Teleuts.[5]
The Teleuts consider themselves to be a distinct people and many do not accept being labeled asAltaian.[7]The majority of the Teleuts live along the Great and Little Bachat Rivers inKemerovo Oblast.However, a few Teleuts also live in theAltai Republic.[5]
Culture
[edit]Most Teleuts used to be nomadic or semi-nomadic livestock herders and horses, goats, cattle, and sheep were the most common types of animals they raised. Some Teleuts were hunters and relied on animals living in thetaigafor subsistence.[6]
Traditional Teleut dwellings included conic yurts made out of bark or perches.[6]
Common Teleut dress was composed of linen shirts, short breeches, and single-breasted robes.[6]
Religion
[edit]Most Teleuts are Orthodox Christians. However, there is a minority that practice shamanism.[6]Burkhanismwas once widely practiced by the Teleuts but was effectively eliminated during the Soviet era. Contemporary revivals of the religion among other Altaian groups have not affected the Teleuts.[8]A group of Teleuts at least nominally converted to Islam as early as the 17th century. A minority of Teleuts moved up to the north of Kemerovo Oblast and interacted with localTatarsand becameSunni Muslims.Today they number around 500 and have mostly assimilated while keeping their Teleut roots, into the local Tatars and are known as theKalmaksalso adopting a local dialect of theTatar language.[5][9][10] However some sources consider the language of the Kalmaks to be a separate variety of Tatar, or even a dialect of the Teleut language, as it differs greatly from otherSiberian Tatarvarieties.[11][12][13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity(in Russian)
- ^Library of Congress -Classification Web:web link
- ^Nevskaya I.A."The Teleut Language".Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia.UNESCO.Retrieved2021-07-16.
- ^Altai Republic - Teleuts (Республика Алтай - Телеуты):web linkArchived2006-06-14 at theWayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^abcdAkiner, Shirin (1986).Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 435–436.ISBN0-7103-0025-5.
- ^abcdeEncyclopedia of the world's minorities.Skutsch, Carl., Ryle, Martin (J. Martin). New York: Routledge. 2005. pp. 82–83.ISBN1-57958-392-X.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: others (link) - ^Mote, Victor L. (1998).Siberia: Worlds Apart.Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp.138.ISBN0-8133-1298-1.
- ^Bat'ianova, E. P. (2007)."The Teleut Version of Burkhanism".Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia.45(3): 9–34.doi:10.2753/aae1061-1959450301.ISSN1061-1959.S2CID144470983.
- ^http://haknii.ru/files/magazine/v3/Kimeev_V.M._Krivonogov_V.P._Jetnicheskie_processy_u_kalmakov.pdfArchived2021-05-20 at theWayback Machine[bare URL PDF]
- ^Nevskaya, Irina (2007), "Ethno-Linguistic Processes in Post-Soviet South Siberia",Cultural Changes in the Turkic World,Ergon Verlag, pp. 107–122,doi:10.5771/9783956506925-107,ISBN9783956506925
- ^Уртегешев, Н.С. (2016). "Kalmaksky yazyk"Калмакский язык[The Kalmak language].Yazyk i obshchestvo. EntsiklopediyaЯзык и общество. Энциклопедия[Language and society. Encyclopedia](PDF)(in Russian). Москва: ООО Издательский центр "Азбуковник". pp. 186–189.ISBN978-5-91172-129-9.
- ^"Калмакский | Малые языки России".minlang.iling-ran.ru.Retrieved2022-06-06.
- ^Уртегешев, Николай С. (2018)."Kalmakov yazyk"Калмаков язык[The language of the Kalmaks].Tehlikedeki Diller Dergisi.8(12): 65–96.
External links
[edit]- Association of the Teleut PeopleArchived2017-09-12 at theWayback Machine(in Russian)
- ELAR archive ofDocumentation and Analysis of the Endangered Teleut Language
