Television in Italy
Television in Italywasintroduced in 1939,when the first experimental broadcasts began. However, this lasted for a very short time: when fascistItalyenteredWorld War IIin 1940, all transmissions were interrupted, and were resumed in earnest only nine years after the end of the war, on January 3, 1954.
There are two main national television organisations responsible for most of the viewership: state-ownedRAI,accounting for 37% of the total viewing figures in May 2014,[1]andMediaset,a commercial network which holds about 33%.[1]The third largest player, the Italian branch ofWarner Bros. Discovery,had a viewing share of 5.8%.[1]
According to theBBC,the Italian television industry is widely considered both inside and outside the country to be overtlypoliticized.[2]Unlike the BBC which is controlled by aboard of governorsregulated byOfcom,the public broadcaster RAI is under direct control of the parliament. According to a December 2008 poll, only 24% of Italians trusted televisionnews programmes,compared unfavourably to the British rate of 38%, making Italy one of only three examined countries where online sources are considered more reliable than television ones for information.[3]
Terrestrial televisionhas historically been the dominant form of transmission in the country.[4]
Television providers
[edit]Digital terrestrial television
[edit]Digital terrestrial televisiontechnology has expanded rapidly and now every major network in Italy (including RAI and Mediaset) transmits inDVB-Tformat, while analog broadcasts were continued until the end of the transition, originally set by law to December 31, 2006, but later pushed back to the end of 2012.[5]
TheBerlusconi II Cabinetstarted promoting the digital format in December 2003 by granting a public financial contribution for the purchase of aMHPdigital television decoder. Starting from January 2005 Mediaset and Telecom Italia Media started offering pay TV services through a prepaid smartcard, including football games, movies and TV shows. In February 2006, during the 2006 Winter Olympics held inTurin,RAI experimentally broadcast a number of sport events using a1080isignal andH264coding. The HD signal has been transmitted over the Turin area, using DVB-T hierarchical modulation, and only specially crafted decoders have been able to receive this signal: they were placed in strategical points in the town.
During the UEFA Euro 2008 and the 2008 Summer Olympics, RAI started experimental high definition broadcasting onRai Test HD,available only in Turin, Milan, Rome, Sardinia and Aosta Valley, continuing with the2008 UCI Road World Championshipsand a few matches of the UEFA Champions League. In July 2008 theEuropean Commission's directorate for competition expressed concerns on whether the actions taken by the current Italian government would be able to alter the current status of duopoly in the broadcasting market held by RAI and Mediaset.[6]Beginning October 31, 2008, in the firstregion of Italyplanned to interrupt analog transmission,Sardinia,television networks broadcast multiplexes only in digital format. Licence fee payers from the region were entitled to a 50 euros discount off the price of a digital television decoder or a new, digital-compatible TV set.[7]
In April 2021,Byoblubegan a national broadcaster and the first Italian TV network that was financially supported by private citizen's donations.[8][9]
Satellite television
[edit]Italy has had digital satellite broadcasts since the 1990s, with the launch ofStream TVandTELE+.In 2003 these merged intoSky Italia,today this pay TV platform is broadcasting fromHot Birdsatellites. HDTV regular services started in June 2006 under the nameSky HD,with the broadcasting of the2006 FIFA World Cupin High Definition. As of today, almost all channels on the platform broadcasts inHD.Tivù Sat,a Free Satellite Service similar to the UK versionFreesat,was launched in June 2009, ensuring access to national television channels from digital terrestrial television networks. Shareholders includeMediaset,Telecom Italia Mediaand the State-owned company Rai.[10]
Pay television
[edit]Current providers
[edit]- Sky Italia(Sky), with about 5 million households (transmission: DTH; IPTV; DTT)
- Now (Sky)(Sky Italia) (transmission: IPTV)
- Mediaset Infinity(Mediaset) (transmission: IPTV)
- TIMvision(TIM), with almost 2 million households (transmission: IPTV)
- Discovery+(Discovery Italia) (transmission: IPTV)
- Chili;pay-per-view only (transmission: IPTV)
- Netflix
- Disney+
- Amazon Prime Video
- DAZN
Defunct providers
[edit]- Mediaset Premium(Mediaset) (transmission: DTT; IPTV)
- Europa 7 HD(Centro Europa 7 srl) (transmission: DTT)
- Dahlia TV(Airplus TV) (transmission: DTT)
- Fastweb TV(Fastweb) (transmission: IPTV)
- Infostrada TV(Infostrada) (transmission: IPTV)
- Tiscali TV(Tiscali) (transmission: IPTV)
- TELE+(Telepiù S.p.A.), with 1,8 million households in 2002 (transmission: DTH)
- Stream TV(Telecom ItaliaandNews Corp) (transmission: DTH; Cable)
Cable television
[edit]In the 1960s the public television network RAI was a monopoly and the only network authorized to broadcast in Italy. Giuseppe Sacchi, a former RAI editor, launched on April 21, 1971, the first "free" television station, calledTelebiellaand based inBiella.It started to broadcast on April 6, 1972, devoted primarily to news and information. Immediately the government led byGiulio Andreottiforced Sacchi to dismantle Telebiella. Later a new law was issued to regulate and allow cable broadcasting, although with tight limitations:[11]only one cable system for every city and only one TV channel for each system. Cable television remained undeveloped for many years, with the exception of a few amateur projects. In the 1990s, firstTelecom Italiaand thenFastwebcreatedoptical fibernetworks and launched theirIPTVoffers (however associated withSky ItaliaorMediaset Premiumsubscriptions). IPTV was the only service to offervideo on demandup until 2009.
List of nationwide television stations
[edit]All channels broadcast 24 hours, and are in16:9format. On satelllite, as a result of restrictions on broadcasting rights, most of RAI's channels are permanently encrypted, and broadcastfree-to-viewthrough theTivúsatplatform, or are temporarily encrypted when needed. However, Rai 1, 2, 3, Storia, Scuola and Gulp are left unencrypted.[12] The channels from 10 to 19 are made available for Italian regional television.
RaiisItaly's nationalpublic broadcastingcompany, owned by theMinistry of Economy and Finance.Rai's broadcasts are also able to be received in neighboring countries, includingAlbania,Croatia,Malta,Monaco,Montenegro,San Marino,Slovenia,Vatican City,southernSwitzerland,and across Europe on satellite. It is one of the 23 founding broadcasting organizations of theEuropean Broadcasting Union.
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Rai 1 | 1 | 1954 | generalist (SD on channel 501, HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai 2 | 2 | 1961 | generalist (SD on channel 502, HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai 3 | 3 | 1979 | generalist (HD on channel 103, HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai 4 | 21 | 2008 | generalist, TV series, movies and entertainment for young audience (HD on channel 521 selected regions only, FTV satellite nationally) |
Rai 5 | 23 | 2010 | cultured-oriented entertainment, documentaries (HD on FTV satellite) |
Rai Movie | 24 | 1999 | movies (HD on FTV satellite) |
Rai Premium | 25 | 2010 | the best of RAI's past programs (HD on channel 525 selected regions only, and on FTV satellite) |
Rai Gulp | 42 | 2007 | cartoons, TV series and entertainment programs for teens (HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai Yoyo | 43 | 2006 | cartoons and shows for pre-school children (HD on FTV satellite) |
Rai News 24 | 48 | 1999 | 24h news (HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai Storia | 54 | 2009 | documentaries focused on history (HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai Sport HD | 58 | 1999 | live sports and sports news |
Rai Scuola | 57 | 1999 (2009) | educational (HD on FTA satellite) |
Rai Radio 2 Visual | 202 | 2022 | radio broadcast and news (FTV on satellite) |
Mediasetis the largestcommercial broadcasterin Italy. The group competes primarily against thepublic broadcasterand market leaderRAI.Due to their proximity to (or encirclement by) Italy,Albania,Croatia,Switzerland,Malta,San Marino,theVatican CityandSloveniacan also receive Mediaset broadcasts. In addition to their domestic television channels, Mediaset also operates a series ofnews,entertainmentandsportwebsites; owns 50.1% of theSpanishbroadcasting firmMediaset España Comunicación;owns the film production companyMedusa Film;and heads aconsortiumwhich owns thetelevision productionhouseBanijay.
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Rete 4 | 4 | 1982 | generalist (HD on channel 504) |
Canale 5 | 5 | 1980 | generalist (HD on channel 505) |
Italia 1 | 6 | 1982 | generalist (HD on channel 506) |
20 | 20 | 2018 | generalist, oriented to movies, TV series and sport events (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
Iris | 22 | 2007 | TV series, movies and cultured-oriented programs |
27 Twentyseven | 27 | 2022 | TV series and movies (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
La5 | 30 | 2010 | TV series, movies, entertainment, reality shows, female-oriented channel |
Cine34 | 34 | 2020 | Italian movies of all time |
Focus | 35 | 2018 | documentaries (It was owned by Discovery Italia) |
Top Crime | 39 | 2013 | TV series and movies on the world of crime |
Italia 2 | 49 | 2011 | TV series, movies, entertainment, reality shows, male-oriented channel |
TgCom24 | 51 | 2011 | all news |
Mediaset Extra | 55 | 2010 | past and current cult shows from Mediaset channels |
Radio 105 TV | 157 | 2019 | radio broadcast and news |
R101 TV | 167 | 2014 | |
Virgin Radio TV | 257 | 2018 | |
Radio Monte Carlo TV | 67 (TivùSat), 716 (Sky Italia) | 2020 | only on FTV satellite |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
La7 | 7 | 2001 | generalist (HD on channel 507) |
La7d | 29 | 2010 | women infotainment, TV series, movies, light entertainment, La7 reruns (HD on channel 529) |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Nove | 9 | 2016 | generalist |
Real Time | 31 | 2005 | lifestyle (HD onSky ItaliaandTivùsat) |
Food Network | 33 | 2017 | cuisine (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
Warner TV | 37 | 2022 | TV series and movies (HD on TivùSat) |
Giallo | 38 | 2012 | TV series and crime movies (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
K2 | 41 | 2009 | cartoons, TV series and entertainment programs for pre-teens |
Frisbee | 44 | 2010 | cartoons, TV series and entertainment programs for kids |
DMAX | 52 | 2011 | factual-entertainment for the male audience (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
HGTV - Home & Garden TV | 56 | 2020 | home improvement and real estate (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
Motor Trend | 59 | 2018 | motor (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
TV8 | 8 | 2016 | generalist (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
Cielo | 26 | 2009 | shows and movies (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
Sky TG24 | 50 | 2003 | all-news channel |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Super! | 47 | 2010 (by De Agostini) | cartoons, TV series and entertainment programs for teens |
Boing S.p.A. (51%Mediaset,49%Warner Bros. Discovery)
[edit]Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Boing | 40 | 2004 | cartoons, TV series and entertainment programs for pre-teens and teens |
Boing Plus | 45 | 2019 | timeshift version ofBoingandCartoonito |
Cartoonito | 46 | 2011 | cartoons, TV series and entertainment programs for kids aged 3–7. |
Byoblu Edizioni S.r.l.s
[edit]Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Byoblu | 262 | 2021 | all-news channel (HD onSky Italiaon channel 816 andTivùsaton channel 462) |
Television Broadcasting System S.r.l.
[edit]Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Retecapri | 122 | 1982 | generalist (HD on channel 566) |
Alma Media S.p.A.
[edit]Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Alma TV | 65 | 2020 | entertainment focused on food, cooking, house living and travel and |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Deejay TV | 69 | 2018 | radio broadcast and news |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RTL 102.5 TV | 36 | 2000 | radio broadcast and news |
Radiofreccia | 258 | 2016 | rock music |
Radio Zeta | 266 | 2016 | Italian pop and indie music |
Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
QVC | 32 | 2010 | shopping and entertainment channel (HD onSky Italiaand TivùSat) |
GM Comunicazione S.r.l.
[edit]Channel | LCN onDVB-T | Launched | Description |
---|---|---|---|
HSE24 | 37 | 2018 | shopping and entertainment channel |
Other national channels
[edit]
Semigeneralist
|
Music
|
Sports
|
Other
|
Network of local televisions
[edit]- 7 Gold:launched in 1999 as "Italia 7 Gold", changed name in 2003; airs movies, sport debates and old TV series
Foreign channels
[edit]Lower channels, teleshopping channel, lower network and local channels
[edit]- Canale 63 (63)
- Canale 65 (65)
- ibox.it (68)
- Capri Store (122), home shopping
- Canale Italia:launched in 1976 as "Serenissima TV", changed name in 2004; airsentertainment shows,music and dance programmes (with the channelCanale Italia Musica),home shopping showsand classical movies. Also available on digital satellite and digital terrestrial
- Odeon:launched in 1987 from some local television stations that were previously affiliated to "Euro TV". The group also includes the channelsTLC Telecampionelaunched in 1982 andTeleReporterlaunched in 1977 as "Tele Radio Reporter", "Telereporter-Canale 7" between 2002 and 2004
- Telepace:launched in 1977 as a radio and, two years later, as a syndication, it is a religious channel and airs direct-to-videos holy masses, holy celebrations and Christian holidays, it is visible only in some regions and it broadcast from nearVerona
- Televisione Cristiana in Italia:launched in 1979, it is a religious channel too and it was named previously TBNE (Trinity Broadcasting Network Europe), this channel is visible only in some regions too
Digital satellite only (free to air)
[edit]
Educational |
Lifestyle
|
News and politics
|
Sports and betting
|
Foreign channels
[edit]- China:CGTN
- France:Euronews,France 24,France 24 English,TV5Monde
- Germany:Deutsche Welle
- Iran:Press TV
- Japan:NHK
- Qatar:Al Jazeera,Al Jazeera English
- Russia:RT
- San Marino:San Marino RTV
- Slovenia:TV Koper-Capodistria
- Spain:24 Horas,TVE Internacional
- United Kingdom:BBC News
- United States:Bloomberg Television,CNN International
Italian programming
[edit]Top Crime
[edit]- Hannibal
- Motive
- Major Crimes
- Person of Interest
- Damages
- Chase
- Bones
- Life
- The Shield
- 24
- Raising the Bar
- Women's Murder Club
- Judging Amy
- Psych
- Undercovers
- White Collar
- Rescue: Special Ops
- Magnum, P.I.
- Rescue Me
- RIS Delitti Imperfetti
- Law & Order: SVU
- Law & Order: Criminal Intent
- Prison Break
- GSG 9
Premium Crime
[edit]- 100 Code
- Falco
- Flikken - Coppia in giallo
- Murder in the First
- Blindspot
- Shades Of Blue
- Hannibal
- The Mentalist
- Person of Interest
- Monk
- The Closer
- Law & Order - Unità vittime speciali(st. 14–22)
- Law & Order: LA
- Golden Boy
- Motive
- Major Crimes
- The Killing
- The Chicago Code
- The Glades
- Southland
- Rizzoli & Isles
- Sherlock
- Stalker
- Ironside
- Chase
- Law & Order: Criminal Intent(st. 8–10)
- Animal Kingdom
- The Forgotten
- DCI Banks
- Chicago P.D.
- Veronica Mars(st. 4)
AXN
[edit]- Afterworld
- Andromeda
- Blood Ties
- Breaking Bad
- The Closer
- The Collector
- Damages
- Fear Factor
- .hack//Sign
- Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
- Kidnapped
- Kung Fu
- MacGyver
- Man's Work
- Michael Hayes
- Mission: Impossible
- Most Shocking
- Murder
- Mutant X
- The Net
- New York Undercover
- Noein
- Odyssey 5
- The Outer Limits
- Quantum Leap
- Painkiller Jane
- Planetes
- Plunkett & Macleane
- Rescue Me
- Ripley's Believe It or Not!
- Seven Days
- The Shield
- Sleeper Cell
- Sliders
- Stargate Universe
- Starsky & Hutch
- Strong Medicine
- Third Watch
- Ultimate Force
- The Vision of Escaflowne
- Wire in the Blood
- World's Most Amazing Videos
Former channels
[edit]- Telemontecarlo(1974-2001, broadcasting fromPrincipality of Monacoup to 1999)
- Rete A(1983-2005)
- Videomusic/TMC2(1984-2000)
- Rete Mia (1988-2000)
- Italia 7 (1987-1999)
- Pop(2017-2019)
- Cine Sony (2017-2019)
- Alpha (2017-2019)
- Spike (2017-2022)
- Alice(1999-2020)
- Marcopolo (1997-2020)
- Paramount Network (2016-2022)
- Case Design Stili (2017-2020)
- Pop Economy (2018-2020)
- Mediaset Extra 2 (2019-2020)
Most viewed channels
[edit]The Auditel measures television ratings in Italy. The two most watched channels are stillRai 1andCanale 5which together share 33% of the audience. Following these in terms of ratings areRai 3andRai 2with 14% of total share and finally a third group of stations made up ofItalia 1andRete 4which together reach 12% of TV ratings. Apart from the seventh ex analogue televisionLa7with a market share of 4%. All the six RAI and Mediasetgeneralist channelshad a slightly lower daily audience in 2013 compared with previous years, whileComcast's pay TV platform calledSky Italia(with its channels likeFox,Fox Crime,Sky CinemaandSky Sport), nationwide channelLa7owned byCairo Communicationand several new free-to-air digital stations (likeGiallo,Rai 4,Iris,La5,Real Time,K2,Rai Premium,Top Crime,Cielo,DMAX) are increasing in ratings day by day.
Position | Channel | Launch date | Owner | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rai 1 | 1954 | RAI | 22.86 | 22.99 | 22.33 | 21.80 | 20.63 | 19.86 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 17.84 | 17.43 |
2 | Canale 5 | 1980 | Mediaset | 21.82 | 20.96 | 20.67 | 20.33 | 20.50 | 18.78 | 17.0 | 15.9 | 14.95 | 15.37 |
3 | Rai 3 | 1979 | RAI | 9.11 | 9.31 | 9.06 | 9.07 | 8.46 | 7.75 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 7.38 | 6.73 |
4 | Rai 2 | 1961 | RAI | 11.29 | 11.27 | 10.38 | 10.60 | 8.90 | 9.02 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 6.77 | 6.62 |
5 | Italia 1 | 1982 | Mediaset | 11.48 | 11.09 | 11.18 | 10.83 | 10.68 | 9.22 | 8.3 | 6.18 | 6.54 | 5.97 |
6 | Rete 4 | 1982 | Mediaset | 8.63 | 8.22 | 8.68 | 8.28 | 7.47 | 6.79 | 6.7 | 5.42 | 5.03 | 4.89 |
7 | La7 | 2001 | Cairo Communication | 2.71 | 3.02 | 2.97 | 3.08 | 3.18 | 3.06 | 3.82 | 3.68 | 3.76 | 3.26 |
8 | Real Time | 2005 | Warner Bros. Discovery Italia | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.09 | 1.4 | 1.53 | 1.52 |
9 | DMAX | 2011 | Warner Bros. Discovery Italia | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.32 | 1.40 |
10 | Rai Yoyo | 2006 | RAI | N.E. | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.34 | 1.38 |
11 | Iris | 2007 | Mediaset | N.E. | N.E. | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.26 | 1.31 | 1.31 |
12 | Cielo | 2009 | Sky Italia | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.30 |
13 | Top Crime | 2013 | Mediaset | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | 1.05 | 1.06 |
14 | Rai Premium | 2003 | RAI | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.06 |
15 | Rai Movie | 1999 | RAI | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 1.03 |
16 | Boing | 2004 | Mediaset Warner Bros. Discovery |
<0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 1.05 | 0.99 | <0.90 | 0.99 |
17 | Rai 4 | 2008 | RAI | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | <0.90 | <0.90 | <0.90 | 0.98 | 1.1 | 0.96 | 0.92 |
See also
[edit]- List of television channels in Italy
- List of Italian-language television channels
- Television licensing in Italy
- Media of Italy
- List of newspapers in Italy
- List of magazines in Italy
- List of radio stations in Italy
- History of Italian journalism
- Censorship in Italy
- Telecommunications in Italy
- Internet in Italy
References
[edit]- ^abc"Sintesi Mensile 1A"(PDF).Auditel.RetrievedJune 30,2014.
- ^"Country profile: Italy".BBC News.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^"Our new digital friend? We now trust online news as we trust TV and newspapers".TNS US. December 15, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon February 9, 2009.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^"Archived".citeseerx.ist.psu.edu.Archived fromthe originalon April 9, 2009.RetrievedApril 24,2023.[dead link]
- ^"SWITCH OFF FOR 2012".September 1, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon July 14, 2007.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^"EU wants Italy to clarify frequency distribution rules".Broadband TV News. July 2008.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^"Digitale Terrestre Parte in Sardegna lo switch-off"(in Italian). NonSoloCinema. October 15, 2008.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^Fabio Dragoni (April 1, 2021)."Youtube epura Byoblu di Messora. E gli utenti gli comprano un canale tv".La Verità(in Italian).
- ^"VIAGGIO DENTRO BYOBLU: LA CASA EDITRICE".Informazione - Notizie a Confronto(in Italian). November 29, 2023.RetrievedJanuary 5,2024.
- ^"RAI and Mediaset plan Italian freesat Broadband TV News".Broadband TV News. January 20, 2009.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^"Legge 103/75 Nuove norme in materia di diffusione radiofonica e televisiva"(in Italian).Agcom.Archived fromthe originalon March 2, 2009.RetrievedMarch 7,2009.
- ^"Hotbird 13F/13G at 13.0°E".LyngSat.RetrievedJune 30,2024.
Bibliography
[edit]- Grasso, Aldo(2008).Enciclopedia della televisione(in Italian) (3 ed.). Milano: Garzanti. p. 965.ISBN978-88-11-50526-6.