Tema
Tema | |
|---|---|
City | |
 First-Left picture:Cargo shipswithIntermodal containersbeing loaded in the Industrial Tema Harbour •First-Top right picture:Petroleum Processing and Refining PlantandNatural-Gas Processing Plantin Tema •Second-Bottom right picture:ValcoRoundaboutofState-ownedAluminium Corporation Valco (Volta Aluminum Company) in Tema. | |
  Tema  Tema | |
| Coordinates:05°40′N00°00′W/ 5.667°N -0.000°E | |
| Country |  Ghana |
| Admin. Region | Greater Accra Region |
| District | Tema Metropolitan District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Felix Mensah Nii Anang-La |
| Elevation | 1 m (3 ft) |
| Population (2013) | |
| • Total | 161,612[1] |
| Time zone | UTC0(GMT) |
| • Summer (DST) | GMT |
| Postal codes | GT000 – GT345 |
| Area code | 030 |
| Website | http://tma.gov.gh |
Temais a city on theBight of BeninandAtlanticcoast ofGhana.It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the capital city;Accra,in the region ofGreater Accra,[2]and is the capital of theTema Metropolitan District.As of 2013, Tema is the eleventh most populous settlement in Ghana, with apopulationof approximately 161,612 people – a marked decrease from its 2005 figure of 209,000.[3][4]TheGreenwich Meridian(00Longitude) passes directly through the city.[5]Tema is locally nicknamed the "Harbour City" because of its status as Ghana's largestseaport.It consists of 25 different communities which are numbered accordingly with each of them having easy access to the basic amenities.[6]
Tema is a city constructed on the site of a small fishing village.[7]Tema was commissioned by Ghana's first president,Kwame Nkrumah,and grew rapidly after the construction of a large harbor in 1961. The Temametropoliswas designed, planned and developed by the award-winningurban plannerand Ghana's firstarchitect,Theodore S. Clerk.[8]The design team included a number of architects trained inLondonat theArchitectural Association.[9]It is now a major trading center, home to anoil refineryand numerous factories, and is linked to Accra by a highway and railway. Tema is one of Ghana's two deep seaports, the other beingSekondi-Takoradi.[5]Tema became an Autonomous Council in 1974 and was elevated to the status of a Metropolitan Assembly in December 1990. Tema metropolitan forms part of the sixteen Metropolis, Municipalities and Districts in theGreater Accra Region.The Metropolitan shares boundaries withAshaiman Municipal,Adenta Municipal District,andLedzokuku-Krowor Municipal Districtto the west respectively, to the east withKpone Katamanso District,to the North withDangme West Districtand to the South with the Gulf of Guinea.
History
[edit]Tema was built on the site of a small fishing village called Torman, named for the local name of thecalabashplant, Tor, which was cultivated there. "Tema" is derived from a corruption of "Torman". The government identified the site beforeindependence[broken anchor],and in 1952 acquired 166 square kilometres (64 sq mi) of land north of the harbor, which was entrusted to theTema Development Corporationfor the new industrial and residential development. The villagers of Torman migrated to a new fishing ground around 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away, which they called Newtown.[10]
The main Tema Township was constructed, and theTema Harbourofficially opened, in 1962. Over the following decades, Tema grew into the industrial hub of Ghana, with a carefully constructed road layout featuring landscaping and street lights. It boasted modern recreational centres and other social amenities rare among African cities at the time.[10]President Nkrumah appointed Theophilus Asiaw Mills as the first District Commissioner. The importance of Tema as a port and industrial hub is reflected by the fact that theGhana Police Servicemaintains a special policing region devoted entirely to the city.
A large population influx began in the 1960s owing to the town's employment opportunities, but the Tema Development Corporation was unable to construct housing and provide other services to meet the needs of the migrants.[11]The Tema Newtown district was overwhelmed by the sudden population growth, and became the poor cousin of Tema Township, receiving none of the latter's improved housing, geometrically laid roads, or social amenities. Moreover, royalties paid by Tema Newtown's companies to evicted villagers have not been used due to a chieftaincy dispute. The area's fishing potential was thus not fully exploited.[10]
Climate
[edit]Tema is characterised by ahot semi-arid climate(BShunder theKöppen climate classification). It lies in the driest part of southern Ghana, experiencing average annual rainfall of about 750 millimetres (30 in). Average temperatures are very warm to hot year-round, typically exceeding 28 °C or 82.4 °F every day of the year, whilst minima never typically fall under 23 °C or 73.4 °F.[5]
| Climate data for Tema (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.6 (94.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.0 (87.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.6 (83.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.3 (86.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.1 (82.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.6 (81.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 8.4 (0.33) |
22.0 (0.87) |
51.3 (2.02) |
89.0 (3.50) |
141.3 (5.56) |
183.9 (7.24) |
59.6 (2.35) |
15.0 (0.59) |
35.5 (1.40) |
62.1 (2.44) |
25.2 (0.99) |
14.7 (0.58) |
708.0 (27.87) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.5 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 46.3 |
| Source:NOAA[12] | |||||||||||||
Economy
[edit]Industry
[edit]
The town's chief industrial products include aluminium, steel, processed fish, refined petroleum, textile, chemicals, food products, and cement.[4]Major companies operating in Tema includeVolta Aluminium(VALCO),Tema Oil Refinery(TOR),Nestlé Ghana Ltd.,Wahome Steel Ltd,Tema Shipyard.[13]There is also afree zoneenclave in Tema.
Seaport
[edit]
Tema Port, which was opened in 1962, is the biggest of the two seaports in Ghana. In 2020 a $1.5 billion expansion project to increase container output to 3 millionTEUwas completed. The port is currently one of the largest container ports in Africa.[14]It has a water-enclosed area of 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi) and a total land area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). Apart from handling Ghanaian imports and exports, it is also a traffic junction, dealing with transit cargo destined for the landlocked countries ofBurkina Faso,MaliandNiger.The port of Tema handles 80% of Ghana's import and export cargo, including the country's chief export,cacao.
The port has 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) ofbreakwaters,12 deepwater berths, an outsizeoil tankerberth, a dockyard, warehouses, and transit sheds. The port has open and covered areas for the storage of cargo, including a 77,200 m2(7.7 hectares) paved area for the storage of containers, steel products and other conventional cargo. The port's container yard is capable of holding over 8,000 TEUs at any given time. The closed storage area, which is about 25,049 m2(2.5 hectares) in area, consists of six sheds with a total storage capacity of 50,000 tonnes of cargo. The port also includes a 100,000dwtdry dock and slipway facility.[15]The harbour is operated by theGhana Ports and Harbours Authority.
Fishing harbor
[edit]Ghana has a long history of fishing. The Tema fishing harbour is at the eastern end of the town's commercial harbour. It comprises the Inner Fishing Harbour, theCanoeBasin, the Outer Fishing Harbour, and a commercial area with marketing and cold storage facilities.[11]
The Inner Fishing Harbour was constructed along the Tema Main Port in 1962 to provide a handling facility for semi-industrial and industrial fishing vessels, and to encourage the development of the localfishing industry.In 1965, the Outer Fishing Harbour was constructed for bigger industrial vessels such astrawlers,tunavessels, and deep-sea carriers.[11]The trawlers operating in the area are 30–45 m (98–148 ft) long and are able to land 55–65 tonnes of fish (usuallyredfishand club and scadmackerel) per fishing trip. The tuna vessels range from smaller boats around 45–50 m (148–164 ft) in length, able to land 200–250 tonnes of catch, to larger versions with a length of 50–65 m (164–213 ft) and the ability to land up to 650 tonnes per fishing trip.[11]The largest fishing vessels, the deep-sea carriers (with lengths of 90–105 m, 295–344 ft), are mostlycharteredvessels.[11]Since 1984, the national catch has averaged about 200,000 to 300,000 metric tonnes per annum. Ghana's tuna catch has maintained a stable level of 30,000 tonnes per annum since 1981.[11]
The Canoe Basin caters for theartisanalfishermen.The basin is normally occupied by about 400canoes.These are mainly two types: wooden vessels, locally called "Legelege", and metallic vessels. The wooden canoes have lengths over all (LOA) ranging between 30 and 70 m (98 and 230 ft), mainly owned and operated byindigenousGhanaians.[15]Their operations peak during the months of June–September. Artisanal canoe fishing is responsible for about 70% of the catch.[15]
Development
[edit]The Tema Development Corporation (TDC) is apublic entitytasked with the planning anddevelopmentof the entire city of Tema.[16][17]Affordable public housingwas developed by the government in conjunction with TDC and the State Housing Corporation.[18]The corporation has been instrumental in developing theharbour area of Temain particular, with modern housing.[19]The corporation was set up in 1952 with the sole aim to develop and manage the township of Tema.[20]In 1963, theTema Development Corporation Actwas passed.[21]In recent years the corporation has had much investment fromKorea,including plans, as of 2013, to build a new stadium, an idea which proved unpopular with squatters.[22]The first chief executive officer of the corporation wasTheodore S. Clerk,the first Ghanaian architect and award-winningurban plannerwho served in theCEOposition from 1963 after the enactment of the statute, until 1965.[23]
Transportation
[edit]There are Public Transports from Tema to major cities such asKumasi;Accra;Mim, Ahafo;Cape Coast,Sunyani;Takoradi;Tamale;Ho;Wa;Bolgatanga;Elubo;Aflao,Techiman.
Education
[edit]SOS-Hermann Gmeiner International College(SOS-HGIC), a private mixedboarding schoolcatering to the 10th through 13th grades, is located in Tema. It previously used theInternational General Certificate of Secondary Education(IGCSE) for the 10th and 11th grades and theInternational Baccalaureate(IB) for the 12th and 13th grades, but currently runs the full IB Diploma program for all four grades. The school was headed by Margaret Nkrumah for over 15 years, and is now headed by Mr Israel Titi Ofei and Nii Amaa Akita. Tema also has aninternational school,Tema International School(TIS), which is second to HGIC, and a senior high school,Tema Secondary School(TSS or Temasco), which was built on 22 September 1961. Tema has a number of public Secondary schools such asChemu Senior High SchoolinCommunity 4,Tema Methodist Day School,Mahean Senior High School,Our Lady of Mercy Senior High Schooland Tema Technical Institute. Private Preparatory Schools like Creator Schools, St Paul Methodist Primary and JHS, Marbs Preparatory School, Datus Complex, Deks Educational Institute, Naylor SDA School, Tema Christian Centre, Tema Parents Association, First Baptist School, Tema Regular Baptist School, Queen Esther School, Dorsons School, Adwenie Memorial, Creator School, New Covenant School, St Alban's School, Lorenz Wolf School, Bexhill School Complex, Life International School, Mazon Grace Academy, Santabarbera School, Angels Specialist School, First Star Academy, Pentecost School, Star School Complex, Tema Ridge, St John Bosco School and Rosharon Montessori School.
Public primary and Junior High schools exist in Tema. These include Twedaase Primary School, Star School, Aggrey Road School, Republic Road School, Padmore School, Mante Din Drive, Amen Basic, Manhean SDA School, and Bethel Methodist School, among others.
Twin cities
[edit]| Country | City | County / District / Region / State | Date | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
United Kingdom | Greenwich | Greater London | 1990 | ||
|
United States | 
|
San Diego | 
|
California | 1976 |
|
|
United States | Norfolk | 
|
Virginia | 2010 | |
|
|
United States | 
|
Columbia | 
|
Maryland | 2013 |
|
|
United States | 
|
Cleveland | 
|
Ohio | 2023 |
Notable People
[edit]- Freddy Adu- former professional soccer player
- Nii Okai- Gospel Musician
- Mary Ghansah- Gospel Musician
- Sarkodie (rapper)- Award winning Rapper
- Jewel Ackah- Musician
References
[edit]- ^"Ghana: Die wichtigsten Orte mit Statistiken zu ihrer Bevölkerung"(in German). World Gazetteer. Archived fromthe originalon 30 September 2007.Retrieved9 March2013.
- ^"20 people have been rescued from floods caused by Tuesday's downpour – NADMO".GhanaWeb.24 May 2022.Retrieved25 May2022.
- ^"Ghana City Tema".www.ghanaweb.com.Retrieved11 August2023.
- ^abTemaArchived17 May 2011 at theWayback Machine.GhanaWeb.com. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^abcGreater Accra » Tema MetropolitanArchived2 November 2010 at theWayback Machine.GhanaDistricts.com. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^Tema."Tema Communities".thecityoftema.com.the city of Tema.Retrieved19 April2018.
- ^Jackson, Iain; Oppong, Rexford Assasie (2 October 2014). "The planning of late colonial village housing in the tropics: Tema Manhean, Ghana".Planning Perspectives.29(4): 475–499.doi:10.1080/02665433.2013.829753.ISSN0266-5433.S2CID145750574.
- ^Goold, David."Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (July 2, 2017, 11:06 pm)".scottisharchitects.org.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 7 April 2017.Retrieved2 July2017.
- ^Jackson, Iain (2022)."Development Visions in Ghana: From Design Schools and Building Research to Tema New Town".Architectural History.65:293–326.doi:10.1017/arh.2022.13.ISSN0066-622X.S2CID253370942.
- ^abc"Poverty In The Mist of Riches"Archived4 October 2012 at theWayback Machine.GhanaWeb.com. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^abcdefTemaArchived15 July 2011 at theWayback Machine.OT Africa Line. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^"Tema Normals 1991–2020".World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon 30 September 2023.Retrieved30 September2023.
- ^"P.S.C. Tema Shipyard Ltd".ghanaweb.com.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2013.Retrieved15 July2013.
- ^"Tema – APM Terminals".
- ^abcTemaArchived4 March 2009 at theWayback Machine.Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^Report.Committee of Enquiry into Alleged Irregularities and Malpractices in the Affairs of the Tema Development Corporation, Ghana Pub. Corp. 1972.
- ^Asabere, Paul (1 September 2007)."The Demise of the Rent-controlled Public Housing Programmes of Ghana: The Story of the Tema Development Corporation".Urban Studies.44(10): 1919–1935.doi:10.1080/00420980701471893.ISSN0042-0980.S2CID154546829.
- ^Husain, Ishrat; Faruqee, Rashid (1 January 1994).Adjustment in Africa: Lessons from Country Case Studies.World BankPublications.p. 187.ISBN978-0-8213-2787-6.
- ^Acquaah-Harrison, Richard (1 January 2004).Housing and Urban Development in Ghana: With Special Reference to Low-income Housing.UN-HABITAT. p. 27.ISBN978-92-1-131701-5.
- ^"The Tema Development Corporation example".Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved28 May2015.
- ^Justice, Ghana. Ministry of (1964).Memoranda on Acts of the Republic of Ghana.Ministry of Justice. p. 155.
- ^Obeng-Odoom, Franklin (18 July 2013).Governance for Pro-Poor Urban Development: Lessons from Ghana.Routledge. p. 166.ISBN978-1-135-05193-8.
- ^Goold, David."Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (July 20, 2017, 2:46 am)".scottisharchitects.org.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 7 April 2017.Retrieved20 July2017.
External links
[edit]
Cities and townsofGhanaby population | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2,000,000+ |   | |
| 1,000,000+ | ||
| 800,000+ | ||
| 100,000+ | ||
| 80,000+ | ||
| 60,000+ | ||
| 40,000+ | ||
| 20,000+ |
| |
| 5,000+ | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
