Temporal styloid process
| Temporal styloid process | |
|---|---|
 Right side of the skull. Styloid process shown in red | |
 Righttemporal boneandmandible(styloid process labeled at bottom) | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | processus styloideus ossis temporalis |
| TA98 | A02.1.06.047 |
| TA2 | 683 |
| FMA | 52877 |
| Anatomical terms of bone | |
Thetemporal styloid processis a slender bonyprocessof thetemporal boneextending downward and forward from the undersurface of thetemporal bone[1]just below the ear.[citation needed]The styloid process gives attachments to several muscles, and ligaments.
Structure
[edit]The styloid process is a slender and pointed bony process of the temporal bone projecting anteroinferiorly from the inferior surface of thetemporal bone[1]just below the ear.[citation needed]Its length normally ranges from just under 3 cm to just over 4 cm. It is usually nearly straight, but may be curved in some individuals.[1]
Itsproximal(tympanohyal)partis ensheathed by thetympanic part of the temporal bone(vaginal process), whereasitsdistal (stylohyal)partgives attachment to several structures.[1]
Attachments
[edit]The styloid process gives attachments to several muscles, and ligaments.[1]It serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with thetongueandlarynx.[citation needed]
- stylohyoid ligament[citation needed]
- stylomandibular ligament[citation needed]
- styloglossusmuscle (innervated by thehypoglossal nerve)[citation needed]
- stylohyoid muscle(innervated by thefacial nerve)[citation needed]
- stylopharyngeusmuscle (innervated by theglossopharyngeal nerve)[citation needed]
Relations
[edit]The parotid gland is situated laterally to the styloid process, the external carotid artery passes by its apex, the facial nerve crosses its base, and the attachment of the stylopharyngeus muscle separates it from the internal jugular vein medially.[1]
Development
[edit]The styloid process arises fromendochondral ossificationof thecartilagefrom the secondpharyngeal arch.[citation needed]
Clinical significance
[edit]A small percentage of the population will suffer from an elongation of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligamentcalcification.This condition is also known asEagle syndrome.The tissues in the throat rub on the styloid process during the act of swallowing with resulting pain along the glossopharyngeal nerve. There is also pain upon turning the head or extending the tongue. Other symptoms may include voice alteration, cough, dizziness, migraines, occipital neuralgia, pain in teeth and jaw and sinusitis or bloodshot eyes.[citation needed]
Additional images
[edit]-
Animation. Temporal styloid process shown in red. -
Left temporal bone. -
Inferior surface of left temporal bone. Styloid process shown in red. -
External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side. (Label for styloid process is bottom center.) -
Lefttemporal bone.Outer surface. (Styloid process visible at center bottom.) -
Articulation of the mandible. Medial aspect. -
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. -
Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind. -
Styloid process. Base of skull.
References
[edit]- ^abcdefGray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice.Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 737.ISBN978-0-7020-7707-4.OCLC1201341621.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
This article incorporates text in thepublic domainfrompage 145of the 20th edition ofGray's Anatomy(1918)
External links
[edit]
- Anatomy photo:22:os-0407at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- "Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1".Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator.Elsevier. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-02-26.
- "Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1".Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator.Elsevier. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-07-22.
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