Teviornis
| Teviornis Temporal range:Late Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Family: | †Presbyornithidae |
| Genus: | †Teviornis Kurochkin, Dyke & Karhu, 2002 |
| Species: | †T. gobiensis
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| Binomial name | |
| †Teviornis gobiensis Kurochkin, Dyke & Karhu, 2002
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Teviornisis anextinctgenusofpresbyornithidwhich lived during theMaastrichtianstage, around 70 million years ago. One species has been described,T. gobiensis.It is the oldest knownneognathand its fossils are collected from theNemegt FormationofMongolia.[1]
Discovery and naming
[edit]The fossils were collected at the Gurilyn tsav locality, northwest corner of Umnogobi Aimak, Mongolia. Theholotypeconsists of a crushed partial right forelimb. These pieces include a nearly complete rightcarpometacarpus,two phalanges, theradialeandulnareof the wrist, and a fragment of the distal right humerus. The catalog number of these fossils are given multiple times as PIN 4499–1, but they are listed as PIN 44991–1 on page 3, where the holotype is formally listed. This is probably a misprint.[2]
The genus nameTeviornisis the Greek masculine word for bird combined with the name of Victor Tereschenko, the Paleontologist at the PIN who discovered the specimen. The species nameT. gobiensisrefers to the harshGobi Desertin which the fossil was found. The fossils are in the collection of thePaleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow.[2]
Classification
[edit]In 2002,Teviorniswas described byKurochkin,Dyke & Karhu as a member of thePresbyornithidae.These were stilt-legged,Anseriform,waterfowlwhich areextinct,but which flourished during theLate CretaceousandPaleogene.IfTeviornisdoes belong to the Presbyornithidae then, together withVegavisfromAntarctica,there is evidence that relatives of today's waterfowl already were widespread and highlyapomorphicby the end of theMesozoic.[2]
Clarke and Norell reviewed the specimen in 2004. They concluded that some of the characters used by Kurochkin et al. to assignT. gobiensisto theAnseriformes,such as an unbowedmetacarpalIII, areplesiomorphieswhich are primitive forAvialaeand also retained in some members ofOrnithurae.They found that the remaining characters used by Kurochkin et al. also had wider distribution than was assumed, or had an incompletely studied distribution. Moreover, Clarke and Norell found nosynapomorphiesofAves(sensu Gauthier),Neognathae,orGalloanseres,preserved in PIN 4499–1, so they concluded thatTeviorniscannot be confidently assigned to the Presbyornithidae.[3]
In 2016, De Pietri and colleagues reassessed the type specimen ofTeviornisand confirmed the taxon's identity as a presbyornithid on the basis of the trochlea carpalis extension (a bony articular process that drives wing extension and flexion), elongatesulcus tendineus,metacarpalsynostosis,etc. Certain morphological traits of the type specimen including the facies articularis dimension and the craniocaudally elongated fossa are also found in the other presbyornithids such asWilaruandTelmabates.Its non-curvedcarpometacarpusalso confirms its identity as ananseriform outside the crown-group.[4]A 2019 study also supports the placement of presbyornithids asstem anseriforms.[5]In 2020, a possible Eocene presbyornithid specimen fromAlgerianotably showed similarity toTeviornisbased on the carpal trochlea extension and the shape of the fossa, reaffirming the taxonomic identity of this taxon as a presbyornithid.[6]
References
[edit]- ^Marjanović, D. (2021)."The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates".Frontiers in Genetics.12.521693.doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693.PMC8149952.PMID34054911.
- ^abcKurochkin, E. N.; Dyke, G. J.; Karhu, A. A. (2002)."A new presbyornithid bird (Aves, Anseriformes) from the late Cretaceous of southern Mongolia".American Museum Novitates(3386): 1–11.doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2002)386<0001:ANPBAA>2.0.CO;2.hdl:2246/2875.S2CID59147935.
- ^Clarke, Julia A., Norell, Mark A. (2004) "New Avialan Remains and a Review of the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia" "American Museum Novitates" Number 3447, 12pp. June 2, 2004
- ^De Pietri, V.L.; Scofield, R.P.; Zelenkov, N.; Boles, W.E.; Worthy, T.H. (2016)."The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae".Royal Society Open Science.3(2): 150635.Bibcode:2016RSOS....350635D.doi:10.1098/rsos.150635.PMC4785986.PMID26998335.
- ^Claudia P. Tambussi; Federico J. Degrange; Ricardo S. De Mendoza; Emilia Sferco; Sergrio Santillana (2019). "A stem anseriform from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica provides new key evidence in the early evolution of waterfowl".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.186(3): 673–700.doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly085.
- ^Géraldine Garcia; Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Mohammed Adaci; Mustapha Bensalah; Fateh Mebrouk; Xavier Valentin; M'hammed Mahboubi; Rodolphe Tabuce (2020)."First discovery of avian egg and bone remains (Presbyornithidae) from the Gour Lazib (Eocene, Algeria)"(PDF).Journal of African Earth Sciences.162:Article 103666.Bibcode:2020JAfES.16203666G.doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103666.S2CID210607715.
External links
[edit]- palaeos.com:360.650 Galloanserae: Anseres: Anatoidea:Teviornis.Drawings of typecarpometacarpusandhumerus.Version of 2004-JUL-13. Retrieved 2007-NOV-08.
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