Tewkesbury

This article is about the town in England. For other uses, seeTewksbury.

Tewkesbury
Town and civil parish
Tewkesbury Abbeyand Mill Avon from Ham path
Tewkesbury Location withinGloucestershire
Population	20,360 (built-up area, 2021 Census)
OS grid reference	SO8932
•London	94 miles (151 km)ESE
Civil parish	Tewkesbury
District	Tewkesbury
Shire county	Gloucestershire
Region	South West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Tewkesbury
Postcode district	GL20
Dialling code	01684
Police	Gloucestershire
Fire	Gloucestershire
Ambulance	South Western
UK Parliament	Tewkesbury

Tewkesbury(/ˈtjuːksbəri/TEWKS-bər-ee) is amarket townandcivil parishin the north ofGloucestershire,England.The town grew following the construction ofTewkesbury Abbeyin the twelfth century and played a significant role in theWars of the Roses.It stands at the confluence of theRiver Severnand theRiver Avon,and thus became an important trading point, which continued as railways and, later, the M5 and M50 motorway connections were established. The town gives its name to theBorough of Tewkesbury,alocal government districtof Gloucestershire. The town lies on the border withWorcestershire,marked largely by the Carrant Brook (a tributary of the River Avon).

The name Tewkesbury is thought to come from Theoc, the name of aSaxonwho founded ahermitagethere in the 7th century, and in theOld Englishlanguage was calledTheocsbury.An erroneous derivation fromTheotokos(the Greek title ofMary, mother of God) enjoyed currency in the monastic period of the town's history.

TheBattle of Tewkesbury,which took place on 4 May 1471, was one of the decisive battles of theWars of the Rosesand is marked annually by a medieval festival in the town, including historical re-enactment.

Geography

Geographic position

The town is situated approximately halfway between the cities ofGloucesterandWorcester,positioned where natural rises in the land allowed early settlers of the town to avoid flooding, yet also to take advantage of the fertile soils and transport connections. The layout of the town centre and radiating trunk roads remains largely unchanged since medieval times.

Expansion

In 1965, Tewkesbury borough, Gloucestershire, was enlarged by incorporating the then-new Mitton housing estate, on land previously in Bredon parish, Worcestershire, as part of the West Midland Counties Order.The estate now forms part of the "Tewkesbury Town with Mitton" borough council ward, which also covers Tewkesbury town centre. A further housing project in Mitton was completed in the first decade of 2000. Mitton is now a contiguous low-density rural suburb connected to Tewkesbury.

Nearby places

• Bredon
• Bishop's Cleeve
• Cheltenham
• Evesham
• Gloucester
• Pershore
• Malvern(Great Malvern)
• Upton upon Severn
• Cotswolds
• Forest of Dean
• Malvern Hills
• Winchcombe
• Gretton

Demography

At the2021 UK censusthe Tewkesbury parish had a population of 10,663. If the neighbouring parishes ofWheatpieces(3,582),Northway(4,859) andAshchurch Rural(1,814) are added, the figure rises to 20,918. The Tewkesbury urban area is divided in two by the north–south runningM5 motorway,opened in February 1971. However, the town is generally considered as the built-up area to the immediate east and west of the M5 at junction 9, with the town centre, abbey and old town situated to the west. The close proximity of large areas of land that are prone to flooding, as evidenced by the severe floods that struck the region in July 2007, would make further expansion difficult. However, the presentBorough of Tewkesbury,created on 1 April 1974, also contains a large portion of rural north Gloucestershire, extending as far as the edges of Gloucester itself and also Cheltenham, and has a present population of 94,884.

Historical landmarks

Tewkesbury War Memorial (The Cross), and High Street.

The town features manyMedievalandTudorbuildings, but is most famous forTewkesbury Abbey,aNormanabbey church.

The Abbey

The Abbey was built by the Normans and consecrated in the year 1121. Originally the Abbey formed part of aBenedictinemonastery and was saved from theDissolution of the Monasteriesby KingHenry VIIIafter being bought by the townspeople for the price of the lead on the roof to use as theirparish church. Most of the monastery buildings, as well as the vineyards, were destroyed during this time. The Abbey Mill however still remains, resting upon the Mill Avon, a channel allegedly built by the monks. This channel represents one of the biggest projects in Tewkesbury's history, though the present weir dates only from the 1990s, replacing two sluice gates installed in the 1930s. The Abbey Mill is also sometimes known as "Abel Fletcher's Mill", but this is simply the name given to it in Dinah Craik's novelJohn Halifax, Gentleman,whose setting Norton Bury is based on Tewkesbury.

The abbey is thought to be the site of the place where the hermit Theoc once lived.TheRomanesquearch and stained glass window has been restored. The monastery was founded by theDespensersas a family mausoleum, and the Despenser and Neville tombs are fine examples of small-scale late medieval stonework.

The tower is believed to be the largest Norman tower still in existence(though that atNorwich Cathedralis another strong contender). The tower once had a wooden spire which may have taken the total height of the building to as much as 260 feet, but this was blown off in a heavy storm onEaster Monday1559; the present pinnacles andbattlementswere added in 1600 to give the tower a more "finished" look. The height to the top of the pinnacles is 148 feet (45 m). The abbey is thought to be the third largest church in Britain that is not a cathedral (afterWestminster AbbeyandBeverley Minster).From end to end it measures 331 feet (101 m), though prior to the destruction of the original Lady Chapel (also at the time of the dissolution), the total length was 375 feet (114 m). The abbey is aparish church,still used for daily services, and is believed to be the second-largest parish church in England, again, afterBeverley Minster.

Pubs, inns and taverns

Tewkesbury claims Gloucestershire's oldest public house, theBlack Bear,dating from 1308.The pub closed in 2017 and after undergoing renovation from 2019 to 2022, reopened in 2023.Other notable large hostelries arethe Royal Hop Pole Hotelin Church Street (which has recently been converted into a part of theWetherspoonspub chain with the discovery of a former medieval banqueting hall in the structure), mentioned inCharles Dickens'The Pickwick Papers,the Bell Hotel, a largehalf-timberedstructure opposite the Abbey gateway, and the House of the Nodding Gables in the High Street.

The Royal Hop Pole,mentioned inCharles Dickens'The Pickwick Papers

Around the Abbey

The Abbey Cottages, adjacent toTewkesbury Abbey,were built between 1410 and 1412. They were restored 1967 to 1972 by the Abbey Lawn Trust, a building preservation charity. They house the John Moore Museum, residential homes and commercial offices. TheJohn Moore Museumwas established in 1980 in memory of the writer and naturalist,John Moore.The museum consists of three buildings: the main John Moore Museum, home to an extensive Natural History collection; the Merchant's House, restored to its Tudor appearance; and theOld Baptist Chapel.The Old Baptist Chapel, located off Church Street, is a timber-framed building, formally a medieval hall house dating to the 1480s. Sometime in the 17th century, it was convertedfor use as a Nonconformist meeting house. Including the original baptistery and pastor's room, the building is of significant historic interest.The building was restored to its 1720 appearance in the 1970s by Tewkesbury Borough Council. It was further renovated and interpreted in 2015 by the Abbey Lawn Trust and is used as a venue for a variety of cultural events. Behind the chapel is a small cemetery for those who were members of the congregation. This includes the grave of William Shakespeare-Hart, fifth great-grandnephew of William Shakespeare.The cemetery is managed by Tewkesbury Borough Council.

Along the river

Just to the west of the town isThomas Telford'sMythe Bridgeover theRiver Severn,acast-ironstructure with a 170 feet (52 m) span, opened in 1826. Tewkesbury's other notable bridge is the stone-built King John's Bridge over the Avon, commissioned byKing Johnin the late 12th century as part of improvements to the main road fromGloucestertoWorcester.Original stonework can still be seen on its north side; the bridge was widened in the 1950s to meet traffic requirements at the time.

The river was significant in the commercial development of the town. The large industrial flour mill site, built in 1865 stands near the confluence of the Avon and Severn rivers, where barges were used to transport goods. The mill, known as Healing's Mill (and previously owned byAllied Bakeries) closed for milling in 2006. The mill building facing the river is now a well-known "at risk" structure, and can be seen clearly to have sunk on one end of its foundations.

The Gloucestershire Water Rescue Centre, also known as Tewkesbury fire station, is a combined project betweenSevern Area Rescue Association(SARA) andGloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service(GFRS).

Mythe Chapel,which was built in 1870, was deconsecrated in 1977.

Governance

Modern governance

Tewkesbury Town Hall

Tewkesbury Town Council
Type
Type	Parish Council
Leadership
Mayor	Cllr Paul Jones
Deputy Mayor	Cllr Alan Hayes
Town Clerk and RFO	Mrs Debbie Hill
Structure
Seats	16 Councillors
Independent	16 / 16
Elections
Voting system	Multiple non transferable vote
Last election	4 May 2023
Next election	6 May 2027
Meeting place
Town Hall, 18 High Street, Tewkesbury, GL20 5AL
Website
www.tewkesburytowncouncil.gov.uk

The Town of Tewkesbury is located within the Non-Metropolitan County of Gloucestershire and forms part of the Tewkesbury Urban Area. Civil Parishes of Tewkesbury Town, Wheatpieces and Northway form the Tewkesbury Urban Area. The Tewkesbury Town Civil Parish is the largest Parish within the Urban Area and is the location of the Deveraux Centre, Tewkesbury Community Hospital, Tewkesbury Leisure Centre, Tewkesbury Borough Council Public Services Centre and the main shopping streets.

TheTown Council(not to be confused withTewkesbury Borough,which covers a wider area than Tewkesbury Town) has 16 members from the four wards of Town with Mitton, Newtown, Priors Park, and Mythe who are elected every four years. Councillors were last elected in 2023, with all councillors sitting as independents. TheMayorof Tewkesbury, Councillor Paul Jones, is the civic head of the council and chairs meetings of the full council. The council also appoints a Deputy Mayor who supports the Mayor in their duties and often succeeds to the office of Mayor in the following civic year. The council was formally established in 1974 following the dissolution of the municipal borough of Tewkesbury but continues to occupyTewkesbury Town Halland maintains the same civic role within the Town.

Following the 2023 local elections, the Town Council continues to be formed of 16 members representing the three wards of Tewkesbury North, Tewkesbury South and Newtown. The boundaries of these new Town Council Wards mirror the new Tewkesbury Borough Wards of Tewkesbury North with Twyning, Tewkesbury South and Tewkesbury East. The Gloucestershire County Council divisions of Tewkesbury and Tewkesbury East is unchanged by the new ward boundaries at the Town and Borough Councils.

Black and white buildings in Tewkesbury High Street. The left-hand one was built c.1510, with the exterior refronted in c.1650.

Tewkesbury is also covered byTewkesbury Borough Council(district level) andGloucestershire County Council.Tewkesbury is part of the widerTewkesbury constituencyfor elections to theHouse of Commons.Prior toBrexitin 2020, it was represented in theEuropean Parliamentas part of theSouth West Englandconstituency in the European Parliament.

Through the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, a new District Council was created comprising the pre-1974 Tewkesbury Borough, Cheltenham Rural District and parts of Gloucester Rural District. In May 1973 a joint committee of the predecessor Councils recommended that a new Royal Charter be applied for. This Royal Charter conferring Borough Status was granted on 27 February 1973 and took effect on 1 April 1974. By virtue of this Charter the Borough appoint a Mayor and Deputy Mayor which results in there being two Mayors covering Tewkesbury at different level of government. The Borough Mayor being the first citizen of Tewkesbury Borough and the Town Mayor being the first citizen of the Town itself.

Historical governance and town mayoralty

The following table lists the Mayors of Tewkesbury between 1836 and 1973.After 1973 bothTewkesbury BoroughandTewkesbury Town Councilhave appointed the Borough Mayor and Town Mayor respectively. The date of the Mayors Election changed from November to May in 1947/48 during the term of office of J.O. Martin.

Table 1: Tewkesbury Mayors between 1836 and 1973.

Years	Mayor
1836	J.B. Lewis
1837	C. Porter
1838	S. Healing
1839	C. Porter
1840	R.Phelps
1841	C. Porter
1842	J. Packer
1843	B. Trotter
1844	J. Stevenson
1845	I. Gregory
1846	J. Richards
1847	H.P. Strickland
1848	H.E. Strickland
1849	N. Chandler
1850
1851
1852	W.L. Chandler
1853
1854	H. Brown
1855
1856	S. Healing
1857	G. Banaster
1858	F.J. Prior
1859	T. Weaver.
1860	F.J. Price
1861	S. Hitch
1862
1863
1864	W. Allard
1865	G. Blizard
1866	J.F. Prosser
1867
1868	G. Blizard
1869	I. Nind
1870	J. Hanford
1871	W.G. Healing
1872	J.F. Prosser
1873	F. Thomas
1874	J.F. Prosser
1875	A. Healing
1876	J.H. Boughton
1877	J.F. Prosser
1878	J.H. Boughton
1879	J.F. Prosser
1880
1881	W.G. Healing
1882	M.C. Smart
1883	J.H. Boughton
1884
1885
1886	B.T. Moore
1887
1888	E. Thomas
1889
1890	T. Collins
1891	M.C. Smart
1892	T. Collins
1893
1894
1895
1896	T.W. Moore
1897	A. Baker
1898	A. Baker
1899	W.E. Hayward
1900	T.W. Moore
1901
1902	C.C. Moore
1903	P.A. Pike
1904	L. Jones
1905	G.M. Rice
1906	J. Willis
1907
1908	G.C. Bayliss
1909	F.W. Godfrey
1910	A. Baker
1911
1912	W.H. Hayward
1913
1914	G. Hone
1915	H. Bishop
1916
1917	C.W. Jones
1918	A. Baker
1919
1920	W.T. Boughton
1921
1922
1923	G.P. Howell
1924
1925	W.T. Boughton
1926
1927
1928
1929	G.P. Howell
1930	L.L. Stroud
1931	R.A. Gaze
1932
1933
1934
1935	S.C.J. Moulder
1936
1937	R.A. Gaze
1938
1939
1940
1941	Rev. H.G. Brown
1942
1943
1944
1945	H. Crouch
1946	J.O. Martin
1947
1948
1949	F.H. Knight
1950
1951
1952	T.G. Bannister
1953
1954
1955
1956	W. Bettany
1957	F.H. Knight
1958	W.E. Lane
1959
1960	H.O. Workman
1961
1962	L.G. Marston
1963
1964	P.K. Holding
1965
1966	G.S. Brown
1967	G.M. Workman
1968	J.R. Griffiths
1969	G.P. Long
1970	L.A. Webster
1971
1972	M.R. Shepard
1973	F.J.O. Martin

Transport

Railways

Tewkesbury is served byAshchurch for Tewkesbury railway station,located 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the town centre.It is served byGreat Western Railwayservices primarily operating betweenWorcester Foregate StreetandBristol Temple Meadswith some services operating toLondon Paddington,SalisburyandGreat Malvern.LimitedCrossCountryservices fromCardifftoNottinghamandStanstedalso call.

Tewkesbury railway stationused to serve the town. It was opened by theBirmingham & Gloucester Railwayin 1840 and was sited in the High Street. It was replaced in 1864 by a new station built for theTewkesbury & Malvern Railway;this closed on 14 August 1961, when the Ashchurch toUpton-on-Severnpassenger service was withdrawn byBritish Railways(through trains to Great Malvern had ceased previously in December 1952). Freight traffic continued until final closure in December 1964. Removal of the railway embankment between Ashchurch and Tewkesbury began in 2013 to aid flood prevention in the town.

Roads

Tewkesbury is served by theM5andM50motorwaysand theA38,A438andA46trunk roads.Congestion on the A46 around Ashchurch and junction 9 of the M5 is being addressed through a series of road works, which started in 2014.

Buses

A network of bus services serve the town and surrounding district, operated predominantly byStagecoach West.Services run toCheltenham,Gloucester,Bishop's CleevewhileEveshamcan be reached usingDiamond Busservice 540 which runs up to every 30 minutes Mondays to Saturdays. Buses run frequently from the town centre to Ashchurch railway station.

Cycling

In Newtown, 10 per cent of all work trips are made by bicycle. There are somebicycle pathsin the built-up-area of Tewkesbury.

Culture

• Roses Theatrecombines anarthouse cinemaand a live performance venue. The Roses Theatre is where comedianEric Morecambecollapsed after a charity performance in May 1984.He died hours later inCheltenham General Hospital.A conference/changing room was later named after him.
• Battle of Tewkesbury,mentioned inShakespeare's playRichard III.
• Raymond Priestley,geologist onRobert Falcon Scott's expedition to theSouth Pole,left one of the sleds, used on that expedition, to the former Tewkesbury Grammar School (c. 1576 – 1972).It is now kept in theTewkesbury School'sHumanitiesbuilding.
• Tewkesbury mustard,a blend ofmustardandhorseradish,made the town famous in the 17th century and is again being manufactured. The mustard was mentioned in some of Shakespeare's works.

Festivals and fairs

• Since 2005, an annual Food and Drink Festival has been held, in or near the Abbey grounds.
• On the second full weekend of July the town hostsTewkesbury Medieval Festival.Thousands of re-enactors travel to the town from around the world to re-enact theBattle of Tewkesburynear to the original battle site. The festival includes a "living history" recreation of amedievalencampment, games, food and a large fair where re-enactment clothing, furniture and weaponry can be purchased. In 2008 the festival celebrated its 25th anniversary. It has been described byFootprint Travel Guidesas one of the "ten most bizarre festivals" in the country.
• In July the Water Festival takes place with events on the river and the banks including an evening procession of lit boats ending with afireworkdisplay. The festival started in 1996 but its future is now in question due to funding issues and the 2006 event was much reduced in scale. The event was cancelled in 2007 as it coincided with the Summer 2007 Flood (it went ahead later in the year). The event was scheduled for 2008 on Saturday, 20 September, but was again cancelled due to flooding in the weeks prior to the event.
• On 9 and 10 October, the town holds the annualmop fair.Originally a hiring fair where people came to seek employment, the event is now a largetravelling funfairtaking over much of the centre of town. The fair itself is also an underlining point of Tewkesbury's industrial past, as Walker Gallopers were produced in the area by Walkers in the early 20th century.The fair is organised by The Showmen's Guild of Great Britain (Western Section).The fair is never held on a Sunday.
• Every year at the end of July and into August the Abbey hosts a festival of liturgical music entitledMusica Deo Sacra (Music Sacred to God).

Local media

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC West MidlandsandITV Central.Television signals are received from theRidge HillTV transmitter.However,BBC WestandITV West Countryare also received through cable and satellite television such asFreesatandSky.

Local radio stations areBBC Radio Gloucestershireon 104.7 FM,Greatest Hits Radio South Weston 107.5 FM,Heart Weston 102.4 FM andGloucester FMon 96.6 FM.

The town is served by these local newspapers:

• Gloucestershire Echo
• Evesham Journal.

Cultural references

• VictorianauthorDinah Craik(1826–1887) visited Tewkesbury in 1852, and later set her most famous workJohn Halifax, Gentleman(pub. 1857) in the town, calling it "Norton Bury". There is a Craik House on Church Street, but Craik never lived there and has no other connection with Tewkesbury. Despite this, there is a memorial to her in the Abbey's southtransept.
• AuthorJohn Moore(1907–1967) was born and lived in Tewkesbury. He set his novelPortrait of Elmbury(pub. 1945) as a "fictionalised biography" of Tewkesbury, the town being the "Elmbury" of the book. Another of his books,Brensham Village(published in 1946) used nearbyBredonas its basis. A local museum has been named after him.
• A.E. Housman'sA Shropshire Ladalso mentions Tewkesbury, as well as nearbyBredon Hill,even though neither place is inShropshire.
• Two episodes of the children's TV programmeRosie and Jimare set in the town and feature theAbbeyprominently in one of the episodes.
• The opening scene of the 1995 film version ofRichard IIItakes place at the field headquarters of King Henry's army at Tewkesbury.
• Two episodes of theBBCshowAntiques Roadshowseries 39 are set on the Abbey grounds.One episode features a rare 18th-century dress which was valued at £40,000.
• The 2020 filmEnola Holmesfeatures the disappearance of the fictional Viscount of Tewkesbury, Marquess of Basilwether, played by actorLouis Partridge.

Notable people

• John Barston– English writer and law civic figure – born Tewkesbury c. 1545
• Robert Harold Compton– South African botanist – born Tewkesbury 1886.
• Henry Disston– American industrialist – born Tewkesbury 1819.
• Anna Ford– newsreader and TV presenter – born Tewkesbury 1943.
• Henry Green– author – born Tewkesbury 1905.
• Kathleen Hawkins- New Zealand poet – born Tewkesbury 1883.
• Alfred Jones– cricketer – born Tewkesbury 1900.
• John Moore– writer – born Tewkesbury 1907.
• Mel Nicholls– Paralympic wheelchair racer.
• Raymond Priestley– Antarctic explorer – born Tewkesbury 1886.
• Eunice Spry– foster mother convicted ofchild abusein 2007 – lived in Tewkesbury.
• Oswald Wardell-Yerburgh– vicar – 1899 to 1913.

Sports and recreation

• Tewkesbury has one of the 471King George's Fieldsas its recreation ground.
• The football club, Tewkesbury Town FC have three men's teams in the Saturday Cheltenham Leagues, two teams in the Evesham Birdseye Sunday Leagues, a Veterans team for ages 35+ in the Gloucestershire North County League and hold weekly training sessions for Ladies in preparation for starting a team in the 2014/15 season. They are holders of the Gloucestershire County Cup as well as the Evesham Bluck cup, Pershore Hospital cup, are Evesham League Division 3 Champions and are the Evesham Leagues Team of the Year 2012/13.
• Thecricketteam, Tewkesbury Cricket Club 1st XI play in the Glos/wilts Division of the West of England Premier League.
• Therugbyteam, Tewkesbury RFC, playsRugby Unionin Gloucestershire Division One and has gained promotion to Gloucester Division Premiership
• The running club, Tewkesbury AC compete in local, national and international running events.
• Cheltenham CollegeBoathouse is situated at Lower Lode
• Facilities atTewkesbury Schoolare used as a public sports centre for swimming, gym, squash and other sports.
• The Tewkesbury lawn green Bowling Club plays in the Gloucestershire men's and ladies leagues.
• The Tewkesbury swimming club is in Tewkesbury and trains at the Leisure Centre near theTewkesbury Abbey,and at theTewkesbury Schoolswimming pool.

Twin town

Tewkesbury Borough istwinnedwithMiesbachin Bavaria, Germany. Tewkesbury Town has had a sister city relationshiptwinnedwithTewksbury Township, New Jersey,United States of America since 2003 and also has ties withStoneham-et-Tewkesbury,Quebec, Canada. During the 1990s the relationship between the town of Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire andTewksbury, Massachusettswas strengthened and the possibility of a formal twinning was investigated. A formal twinning arrangement between the two towns was not progressed during the 1990s although a link was maintained during this time. The relationship between these two towns resulted in the placing of the Miko Kaufman sculpture called Touching Souls at Tewkesbury Abbey.

External links

• Tewkesbury Borough Council
• BBC archive film of Tewkesbury from 1984
• Tewkesbury Town Showcase and EventsArchived31 December 2018 at theWayback Machine
• Tewkesbury's Medieval Festival annual event – United Kingdom
• Tewkesbury's annual Medieval Life from the court to the kitchens event – United Kingdom
• TewkesburyatCurlie