Tezkire
Tezkire(Arabic:تذکرة), fromArabictadhkirahmeaning "something that causes one to remember" or "memorandum",[1]is a form of bibliographical dictionary or bibliographical compendium which flourished in the 16th-centuryOttoman Empire.[2]The most widely known are thetezkiresof poets, but the books also focused on the works of government officials and artists in general.[3]First seen in earlyArab literaturebefore the 10th century,[4]they then made their way intoPersian literatureand laterOttoman literature.[3]
One of the most famous Persiantezkiresis theTazkirat al-AwliyaofFariduddin Attar.The most importanttezkireinChagatai-TurkicisMajolis un-NafoisbyAli-Shir Nava'i.
Ottoman poetrytezkires
[edit]Thetezkiresof poets were written between the 16th and 20th centuries in theAnatolianarea. They contain information on both poets and their poetic work,[1]and are written both inproseandversesmaking thetezkiregenre unique.[2]A valuable source of information for today's scholars, they also present a type of ego-document due to the combination of objective with subjective material.[2]The bibliographical notices mention birthplace, family, teachers, profession, personal anecdotes, comments on personality or character, place and date of death, and quotations from poetry.[4]
The firsttezkireof Ottoman literature was namedHeşt Behişt(Eight Springs). It was the work ofSehi BeyofEdirne(1471?-1548) and was completed in 1538.[5]2 other editions would follow until 1548. It narrated the work and life of 241 poets and was very well received and supported by the Ottoman high social circles.[2]
A distinguishedtezkireis theTezkiretü'ş-Şuara(Memoirs of the Poets) ofLatifîofKastamonu(1491-1582), the second in chronology[6]and is the one with most extant copies (91).[2]It was finished and presented toSultanSuleiman Iin 1546.[7]Another important one comes fromAşık Çelebi;Meşairü'ş-Şuara(Senses of Poets), published in 1568, covers the work and life of 427 poets. It is the 3rd in chronology, and the second by the number of extant copies (30).[2]The 4thtezkireis the one fromAhdi of Baghdad,ofPersianorigin, and is namedGülşen-i Şuara(Rosebed of Poets). Unlike the previous three, it covered only author's time contemporary poets. It was finished in 1563, and was dedicated to Prince Selim, afterwards known asSultan Selim II.[8]
Other well knowntezkire:
- Riyazi-Riyazü'ş Şuara
- Faizi -Zübtedü'l-Eşar
- Mirzade Mehmed Efendi -Salim Tezkiresi
- Ali Güfti -Teşrifatü'ş Şuara
- Davud Fatin -Haitmetül-Eşar
- Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi-Tezkiretü'ş-Şuara
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abKiliç, Filiz. (2007). “The Tezkires of Poets: Indispendable [sicSources in Our Literature History” ], translated from Turkish to English by the website of publication.Türkiye Arastirmalari Literatür Dergisi(TALID)5(10): 564 (abstract; entire essay is 543-564), talid.org. Accessed May 5, 2023.
- ^abcdefRalf Elger, Yavuz Köse (2010),Many ways of speaking about the self: Middle Eastern ego-documents in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish (14th-20th century),Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, p. 17,ISBN9783447062503
- ^abMustafa bin Ahmet Âli; Esra Akın (2011),Muṣṭafá Alī's Epic deeds of artists: a critical edition of the earliest Ottoman text about the calligraphers and painters of the Islamic world,Islamic history and civilization, vol. 87, Boston: Brill, pp. 88–90,ISBN9789004178724,OCLC744465897
{{citation}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^abNiki Gamm (1979), "Riyāżī's Teẕkire as a Source of Information on Ottoman Poets",Journal of the American Oriental Society,99(4), American Oriental Society: 643–652,doi:10.2307/601449,JSTOR601449
- ^Selcuk Aksin Somel (2010),The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire,Scarecrow Press, p. 261,ISBN9780810875791
- ^Tülây Duran (1988),The Ottoman Empire in the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent,vol. 2, Historical Research Foundation, Istanbul Research Center, p. 211,ISBN9789751700643,OCLC22325635
- ^Pinar Emiralioglu (2014),Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire,Transculturalisms, 1400-1700, Ashgate, p. 79,ISBN9781472415332
- ^Elias John Wilkinson Gibb (1904), Edward Browne (ed.),A History of Ottoman Poetry,vol. 3, London: Luzac & Co, p. 8,OCLC2110073