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The Frighteners

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For the Matt Helm spy novel by Donald Hamilton, seeThe Frighteners (novel).For The Avengers episode, seeThe Frighteners (The Avengers).

The Frighteners
Theatrical release poster
Directed byPeter Jackson
Written by
Produced by
Starring
Cinematography
Edited byJamie Selkirk
Music byDanny Elfman
Production
company
Distributed byUniversal Pictures[1]
Release date
  • July 19, 1996(1996-07-19)
Running time
110 minutes[2]
Countries
  • United States[3]
  • New Zealand[3]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$26 million[4]
Box office$29.3 million

The Frightenersis a 1996supernaturalcomedy horrorfilm directed byPeter Jacksonand co-written withFran Walsh.The film starsMichael J. Fox,Trini Alvarado,Peter Dobson,John Astin,Dee Wallace Stone,Jeffrey Combs,R. Lee ErmeyandJake Busey.The Frightenerstells the story of Frank Bannister (Fox), an architect who develops psychic abilities allowing him to see, hear, and communicate withghostsafter his wife's murder. He initially uses his new abilities to befriend ghosts, whom he sends to haunt people so that he can charge them handsome fees for "exorcising" the ghosts. However, the spirit of a mass murderer appears posing as theGrim Reaper,able to attack the living and the dead, prompting Frank to investigate the supernatural presence.

Jackson and Walsh conceived the idea forThe Frightenersduring the script-writing phase ofHeavenly Creatures.Executive producerRobert Zemeckishired the duo to write the script, with the original intention of Zemeckis directingThe Frightenersas aspin-offfilm of the television series,Tales from the Crypt.With Jackson and Walsh's first draft submitted in January 1994, Zemeckis believed the film would be better off directed by Jackson, produced by Zemeckis and funded/distributed byUniversal Studios.The visual effects were created by Jackson'sWeta Digital,which had only been in existence for three years. This, plus the fact thatThe Frightenersrequired more digital effects shots than almost any movie made until that time, resulted in the eighteen-month period for effects work by Weta Digital being largely stressed.

Despite a rushedpost-productionschedule, Universal was so impressed with Jackson'srough cutonThe Frighteners,the studio moved the theatrical release date up by three months. The film was not abox officesuccess, but received generally positive reviews from critics. The film gained a cult following and is considered acult classicin Jackson's catalog.[5][6][7][8][9]

Plot

[edit]

As the result of atraffic accidentyears prior that claimed the life of his wife Debra, Frank Bannister has gained the ability to seeghosts.He employees three spirits-- Cyrus, Stewart andold westcowboy"The Judge" -- in ascamto "haunt" local houses, so he can convince families to pay him for"exorcism"services.

Frank cons local health-nut Ray Lynskey and his wife Lucy, a physician who treats a disturbed client named Patricia Bradley. Ray suddenly dies of an apparent heart attack, and his spirit approaches Frank for help. Frank learns that there is an entity taking the form ofthe Grim Reaperthat is killing locals by stopping their hearts.

Frank begins to grow close to Lucy while trying to stop the murders by using his powers. However, well-meaning Sheriff Walt Perry and troubledFBIagent Milton Dammers begin to suspect Frank is involved. After Frank fails to save cruelnewspapereditor Magda Rees-Jones from the Reaper, he is arrested for her murder. The spirits of The Judge and Ray are also "killed" by the Reaper, who can seemingly destroy both humans and ghosts.

Lucy investigates the deaths and becomes the Reaper's next target. Cyrus and Stuart help Frank escape jail, but are "killed" by the Reaper soon after. Realizing he needs to confront the Reaper in spirit form, Frank convinces Lucy to help him have a near-death experience throughhypothermiaand the use ofdrugs.Lucy is then kidnapped by Dammers.

In his ghostly form, Frank confronts the Reaper and discovers that he is the ghost of Johnny Bartlett, a psychopath who killed twelve people in a psychiatric hospitalshootingin 1964. Bartlett desired to become the world's most prolific killer. Lucy's client Patricia was his girlfriend, but escaped thedeath penaltydue to being underage. Bartlett has continued his "work" by killing more people as the Reaper.

Lucy escapes Dammers and resuscitates Frank. They go to visit Patricia, seeking her help to stop Bartlett's plans. However, unbeknownst to them, Patricia is still in love with Bartlett and working with his ghost. Lucy and Frank manage to trap Bartlett's spirit in hisurnand head for the chapel of the now-abandoned psychiatric hospital, hoping to send Bartlett's ghost to Hell. Patricia murders her overbearing mother and follows.

Patricia and Dammers chase Frank and Lucy through the hospital ruins. Dammers inadvertently releases Bartlett's spirit from the urn before Patricia kills him. Frank learns that Bartlett and Patricia were responsible for his wife's death before Patriciastrangles him to death.As she moves in to kill Lucy, Frank's ghost attacks, ripping Patricia's spirit from her body and into amassive portalleading toHeaven.Bartlett pursues them and manages to get Patricia back. However, the portal suddenly turns sinister and fiery. The two are attacked bytentaclesand swallowed by a giant worm-like monster, and are sent toHell.

In Heaven, Frank reunites with Cyrus and Stuart, who arrived after being "killed" in spirit form. Debra also appears, and tells Frank it is not yet his time. Frank reawakens back in the human world, where he and Lucy fall in love. As a result of hertrauma from the events,Lucy is also now able to see ghosts; noting that the morose-looking ghost of Dammers is in the back of Sherriff Perry's car when he stops by to visit. Frank has his unfinished house torn down to start over with Lucy.

Cast

[edit]
  • Michael J. Foxas Frank Bannister, a former architect turned ghost hunter after the trauma of his wife dying. Although Jackson and Walsh envisionedThe Frightenersas a low-budget film with unknown actors, Zemeckis suggested casting hisBack to the Futurestar Fox in the lead role. Fox became enthusiastic about working with Jackson when he sawHeavenly Creaturesat theToronto International Film Festival.[10]
  • Trini Alvaradoas Lucy Lynskey, a physician that Frank meets. The character is named afterHeavenly CreaturesstarMelanie Lynskey(who also cameos inThe Frighteners).[10]
  • Peter Dobsonas Ray Lynskey, Lucy's health-obsessed and comically hot-headed husband who dislikes Frank's tactics
  • John Astinas The Judge, a decayinggunslingerghost from the Old West with a penchant formummiesand firing guns at random.[10]
  • Jeffrey Combsas Milton Dammers, an eccentric FBI agent who has a vendetta against Bannister. A formerundercover agentknown for his work withcultists,which caused him to sustain multiple massive mutilations and drove him to the brink ofinsanity,he has a problem with women screaming at him. Jackson opted to cast Combs as Dammers because he was a fan of the actor's work inRe-Animator.[11]
  • Dee Wallace Stoneas Patricia Bradley, inspired byCaril Ann Fugate.Bartlett'smentally illlover (escaping execution at the time of the original murders as she was underage) who is under strict observation by her mother.
  • Jake Buseyas Johnny Bartlett, amass murdererinspired byCharles Starkweathersharing the last name of his second and third victims, girlfriend and accomplice Caril Ann Fugate's mother and step-father Velda and Marion Bartlett. He continues his work in the afterlife, focusing on increasing his body count as a form of competition with other famous murderers. He returns from Hell, able to attack the living and the dead posing as theGrim Reaper.
  • Chi McBrideas Cyrus. One of Frank's deceased associates for his ghost-hunting business.
  • Jim Fyfeas Stuart, anerdwho is one of Frank's deceased associates for his ghost-hunting business.
  • Troy Evansas Sheriff Walt Perry, a local law enforcement officer and ally to Frank.
  • Julianna McCarthyas Old Lady Bradley, Patricia's mother and former director of the psychiatric hospital, who is constantly monitoring her daughter.
  • R. Lee Ermeyas Hiles, the ghost of a Master Sergeant. Ermey's performance in this film is heavily reminiscent of his performance as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in the 1987 filmFull Metal Jacket,sharing many mannerisms with the aforementioned character.[12]
  • Elizabeth Hawthorneas Magda Rees-Jones, the snooty British editor of the local newspaper.

In addition,Peter Jacksoncameos as a man with piercings, his son Billy is a baby in a bouncer,Melanie Lynskeycameos as the deputy who is briefly seen standing next to Lucy Lynskey, Byron McCrawerly plays Victim #38 andAngela Bloomfieldplays Frank's deceased wife, Debra.

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

Peter Jacksonand co-writerFran Walshconceived the idea forThe Frightenersin 1992, during the script-writing phase ofHeavenly Creatures.[13]Together, they wrote a three-pagefilm treatmentand sent it to theirtalent agentin Hollywood.Robert Zemeckisviewed their treatment with the intention of directingThe Frightenersas aspin-offfilm of the television series,Tales from the Crypt(which he helped produce).[14][15]Zemeckis hired Jackson and Walsh to turn their treatment into a full-length screenplay in January 1993.[10]The husband and wife duo completed their first draft forThe Frightenersin early-January 1994. Zemeckis was so impressed with their script, he decidedThe Frightenerswould work better directed by Jackson, executive produced by Zemeckis and funded/distributed byUniversal Pictures.[15]Universalgreen-lightedthe film to commencepre-productionon a $26 million budget in April 1994.[13][16]The studio also granted Jackson and Zemeckis totalartistic controland the right offinal cut privilege.[14]

Filming

[edit]

Jackson decided to filmThe Frightenersentirely in New Zealand.[17]Zemeckis and Universal agreed on the condition that Jackson made New Zealand look similar to theMidwestern United States.[11]Principal photographybegan on May 14, 1995, and lasted until November 16, which is one of the longestshooting schedulesever approved by Universal Pictures. Six weeks into the shoot,cinematographerAlun Bollingerhad a serious car accident. His replacement, John Blick, later alternated duties with Bollinger for much of the rest of the shoot.[18]Location shootingprimarily includedWellingtonand three weeks spent inLyttelton.Interior scenes were compiled at Camperdown Studios inMiramar.[11]

Visual effects

[edit]

Jackson'sWeta Digitalcreated the visual effects, which includedcomputer-generated imagery,as well asscale models(which were necessary to makeLytteltonlook American),[10]prosthetic makeupand practical effects with help fromWeta Workshop.Visual effects supervisorRichard Taylorexplained that effects work onThe Frightenerswas complex due to Weta's inexperience with computer technology in the mid-1990s. Prior to this film, Weta worked largely withphysical effects.With so many ghosts among its main cast,The Frightenersrequired more digital effects shots than almost any movie made up till that time. For a special effects company that had been in existence less than three years, the eighteen-month period for completingThe Frightenerswas largely stressful.[18]Some shots were handled by a small New Zealand company called Pixel Perfect, many of whose employees would eventually join Weta Digital.[10]Rick Bakerwas hired to design the prosthetic makeup for The Judge, portrayed byJohn Astin(the detachable jawbone was later added digitally). However, Baker was not able to apply Astin's five hours of makeup due to his commitment onThe Nutty Professor.[18]Makeup artist Brian Penikas (Pirates of the Caribbeantrilogy,Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull) fulfilled Baker's duties.[19]

The extended shooting schedule owed much to the fact that scenes where ghosts and human characters interacted had to be filmed twice; once with human characters acting on set, and then with the ghost characters acting against ablue screen.The two elements would later be digitally composited into one shot with the use ofsplit screen photography.Such sequences required precise timing from the cast as they traded dialogue with characters who were merely blank air.[18]The hardest challenge for the digital animators at Weta was creating theGrim Reaper,which went through many transformations before finding physical form.[19]"We set out with the intention of doing the Reaper as a rodpuppet,maybe shooting it in a water tank, "Jackson commented." We even thought of filming someone, dressed in costume, at different camera speeds. "[18]Test footage was shot with puppets and a man in a Reaper suit, but in the end, it was decided that usingcomputer animationwould be the easiest task. Another entirely computerized character called "the Gatekeeper", a wingedcherubwho helps guard the cemetery, was deleted from thefinal cut.[20]

With digital effects work running behind schedule, Zemeckis convincedWes Takahashi,an animation supervisor from visual effects companyIndustrial Light & Magic,to help work onThe Frighteners.[20]"The shots Zemeckis showed me were pretty remarkable," Takahashi reflected, "but there were still about 400 shots to do, and everyone was kind of worried."[4]Takahashi was quickly drafted as a visual effects supervisor, and began looking at the schedule, trying to work out whetherThe Frightenerscould be finished in time. "There was no way we'd make the deadline. I figured out a concerted plan involving Jackson and Zemeckis to convince Universal it was worthy of asking for more money."[4]The executives at Universal proposed splitting some of the shots to visual effects companies in the United States, but Jackson, for whom the film was a chance to show New Zealand filmmaking could stand alongside Hollywood, convinced Universal otherwise.[4]Instead,The Frightenersreceived an accelerated release date, four months earlier than planned, and an additional $6 million in financing, with fifteen digital animators and computer workstations (some were borrowed from Universal and other effects companies in the US).[21]

Soundtrack

[edit]
Further information:The Frighteners (soundtrack)

Thefilm scorewas written and composed byDanny Elfman.It was released in 1996 oncassetteandcompact discbyMCA RecordsandUniversal Records.[22]The closing credits play a cover ofBlue Öyster Cult's "(Don't Fear) The Reaper"performed byNew Zealandalternative rockbandThe Mutton Birds.[23][24]The Mutton Birds version of the song had been previously released as aB-sideto their single "She's Been Talking" released in 1996.[25]The credits also feature "Superstar",written byBonnie Bramlett+Leon Russelland performed bySonic Youth.

Release

[edit]

The intended release date was October 1996, but after Universalstudio executivesviewed arough cutofThe Frighteners,they were impressed enough to move the release date to their "summerblockbusterslot "on July 19, 1996.[26]In addition, Universal offered the filmmaker the opportunity to makeKing Kong,which was not released until 2005.[27]Jackson often disputed theMotion Picture Association of America(MPAA)'s decision on the film's rating. Aware that he was meant to be delivering Universal a PG-13 rated film, Jackson tried his best to omitgraphic violenceas much as possible, but the MPAA still believedThe Frightenersdeserved an R rating.[28]

Box office

[edit]

The Frightenerswas released in the United States in 1,675 theaters, and opened at #5, earning $5,565,495 during its opening weekend, averaging $3,335 per theater. The film eventually grossed a worldwide total of $29,359,216.[29]The Frightenersended up being abox office disappointment,mostly due to competition fromIndependence Day;[30]in interviews conducted years afterThe Frighteners'release, Jackson commented he was disappointed by Universal's ubiquitous marketing campaign, including a poster which "didn't tell you anything about the picture",[10]which he believed was the primary reason the film was not a financial success.[16]Additionally, the film opened on the same day theAtlanta Summer Olympicsbegan; when Jackson realized this and told the studio, they answered "'We don't think so; our research indicates that's not the case...' And I just thought how the hell do they know? There had only ever been three Olympic Games held in the United States in one hundred years!" Jackson acknowledgedThe Frighteners'tone made it hard to pigeon-hole and sell, and his experience on the film made him understand the importance of marketing.[10]

Critical reception

[edit]
Peter Jacksonreceived twoSaturn Awardnominations

As of December 11, 2021,67% of the 42 reviewers selected by review aggregatorRotten Tomatoesgave the film a positive review, and the average score is 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Boasting top-notch special effects and exuberant direction from Peter Jackson,The Frightenersis visually striking but tonally uneven. "[31]Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.[32]

Kenneth Turanof theLos Angeles Timesstated "Director Peter Jackson, at home with all kinds of excess in New Zealand, keeps everything spinning nicely, not even losing a step when the mood turns increasingly disturbing."[33]Janet MaslinfromThe New York TimesenjoyedThe Frighteners,but "walked out the theater with mixed emotions," she commented that "Peter Jackson deserves more enthusiasm for expert, imaginative effects than for his live actors anyhow. These lively touches would leaveThe Frightenerslooking more like a more franticBeetlejuiceif Jackson's film weren't so wearyingly overcrowded.The Frightenersis not immune to overkill, even though most of its characters are already dead. "[34]Jeff Vice of theDeseret Newspraised the acting in the film, with the performances of Fox and Alvarado in particular, but said that there were also "bits that push the taste barrier too far and which grind things to a screeching halt", and that if "Jackson had used the restraint he showed inHeavenly Creatures,the movie could have "been the best of its kind".[35]CriticChristopher Nullpraised the film, as he described it as a mixture betweenGhostbustersandTwin Peaks.[36]Michael Drucker ofIGNsaid that although the film would not make Jackson's top five of movies, it "is a harmless and fun dark comedy that you'll enjoy casually watching from time to time".[37]The Frightenersreceived mixed reviews from critics from Jackson's native country, New Zealand.[28]

Conversely, Todd McCarthy ofVarietythought that the film should have remained an episode ofTales from the Crypt.[38]CriticJames Berardinellibelieved that althoughThe Frightenerswasn't "a bad film", it was "a disappointment, following Jackson's powerful, true-life matricide tale,Heavenly Creatures",and because of that"The Frightenersfell short of expectations by being just one of many in the long line of 1996 summer movies. "[39]Chicago Sun-Times'Roger Ebertgave the film one star out of four, and felt that Jackson was more interested inprosthetic makeupdesigns,computer animation,and special effects than writing a cohesive storyline.[40]Ebert and criticGene Siskelgave it a "two thumbs down" rating on their TV showAt the Movies with Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert.[41]Chicago ReadercriticJonathan Rosenbaum,described the film's special effects as "ugly, aggressive" and "proliferating", saying that "trying to keep interested in [the special effects] was like trying to remain interested in a loudmouth shouting in [his] ear".[42]Edward Guthmann of theSan Francisco Chroniclestated that "instead of moving the horror genre in new directions,The Frightenerssimply falls apart from its barrage of visual effects and the overmixed onslaught of Danny Elfman's music score ".[43]The Austin Chronicle's Joey O'Brien, said that although the screenplay was "practically loaded with wild ideas, knowingly campy dialogue and offbeat characterizations", it "switched gears" too fast and too frequently that "the audience is left struggling to catch up as [The Frighteners] twists and turns its way unmercifully towards a literally out-of-this-world finale ".[44]

Accolades

[edit]

At the23rd Saturn Awards,theAcademy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Filmshonored Jackson with nominations forBest DirectorandBest Writing,the latter he shared with wifeFran Walsh.The Frightenersalso was nominated forBest Horror Film,and for itsSpecial Effects,Make-up(Rick Baker) andMusic(Danny Elfman).Michael J. FoxandJeffrey Combswere also nominated for their work.[45]

Home media

[edit]

"The Frighteners" was released on Laserdisc in 1996 in a standard release with Dolby surround on both Digital and Analog channels.

In 1998 Universal Home Video as part of the Signature Series collection released a special edition. This includes the first release of the 12 minute longer "Directors Cut" plus the following extras: Feature commentary by director Peter Jackson 4 hour documentary 'The Making Of The Frighteners' directed by Peter Jackson featuring cast interviews, rehearsals, storyboarding, miniatures and special effects Deleted scenes Theatrical trailer

The later DVD was a re-release of this with inferior audio.

The Frightenerswas first released on DVD in August 1998, but included no special features.[46]

To coincide with the release of Jackson'sKing Kong,[37]Universal Studios Home Entertainmentissued a double-sided director's cut DVD of the film in November 2005,[47]which featured a version ofThe Frightenersthat was 12 minutes longer.[36]The other side includes a documentary prepared by Jackson and WingNut Films originally for the Laserdisc release.[47]The theatrical and director's cut were also made available in HD DVD in 2007 and Blu-ray in 2011.[48][49]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"The Frighteners (1996)".AFI Catalog of Feature Films.RetrievedSeptember 11,2020.
  2. ^"THE FRIGHTENERS(15) ".British Board of Film Classification.January 10, 1997.RetrievedNovember 21,2012.
  3. ^ab"The Frighteners (1996)".British Film Institute.Archived fromthe originalon April 3, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 19,2017.
  4. ^abcdPryor, Ian (2003).Peter Jackson: From Prince of Splatter to Lord of the Rings.New York:Thomas Dunne Books.pp.204–205.ISBN0-312-32294-1.
  5. ^"How Peter Jackson's the Frighteners Brought the Personification of Death to Life".December 14, 2018.
  6. ^"Peter Jackson's 'The Frighteners': An Unjustly Forgotten Gem".May 8, 2018.
  7. ^"Peter Jackson's the Frighteners: The Best Movie You Never Saw".October 20, 2020.
  8. ^"'The Frighteners' is the Perfect Bookend to Peter Jackson's Horror Period ".July 21, 2022.
  9. ^"The Frighteners, Peter Jackson's Precursor to Lord of the Rings, Still Scares and Surprises".May 11, 2018.
  10. ^abcdefghSibley, Brian(2006).Peter Jackson: A Film-maker's Journey.London:HarperCollins.pp. 261, 303–322, 331–333.ISBN0-00-717558-2.
  11. ^abcPryor, p.196-200
  12. ^"The Legend of R. Lee Ermey, 'Full Metal Jacket' drill sergeant".SBS.December 15, 2017.RetrievedApril 29,2018.
  13. ^abPryor, p.191-195
  14. ^abHelms, Michael (July 1996). "The Frighteners".Fangoria.pp. 35–41.
  15. ^abSibley, p.273-279
  16. ^abSibley, p.330-339
  17. ^Archerd, Amy(February 15, 1995)."Cates thinks diverse noms make for good TV".Variety.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  18. ^abcdePryor, p.201-203
  19. ^abVaz, Mark Cota (June 1996). "The Frighteners:The Thrill of the Haunt ".Cinefex.pp. 67–71.
  20. ^abSibley, p.320-329
  21. ^Pryor, pp. 300-309
  22. ^"The Frighteners overview".AllMusic.RetrievedFebruary 20,2009.
  23. ^"The Mutton Birds: overview".AllMusic.RetrievedFebruary 20,2009.
  24. ^"The Frighteners: Music From The Motion Picture [SOUNDTRACK]".Amazon.com.ASINB000002P1W.
  25. ^"She's Been Talking".AllMusic.RetrievedFebruary 20,2009.
  26. ^Thompson, Anne(August 2, 1996)."Little Shop of Horror".Entertainment Weekly.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  27. ^Sibley, p.210-319
  28. ^abPryor, p.206-211
  29. ^"The Frighteners".Box Office Mojo.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  30. ^Woods, Mark (December 31, 1996).""Daylight" in Money O'Seas ".Variety.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  31. ^"The Frighteners (1996)".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango Media.RetrievedJune 14,2018.
  32. ^"CinemaScore".cinemascore.com.
  33. ^Turan, Kenneth(July 19, 1996)."FrightenersJolts Both Nerves and Funny Bone ".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  34. ^Maslin, Janet(July 19, 1996). "Ghosts All Over the Place".The New York Times.
  35. ^Vice, Jeff (July 23, 1996)."Frighteners, The".Deseret News.Archived fromthe originalon February 23, 2009.RetrievedFebruary 10,2009.
  36. ^abNull, Christopher(1996)."The Frighteners".Filmcritic.com.Archived fromthe originalon July 9, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 10,2009.
  37. ^abDrucker, Michael (December 14, 2005)."I Can't Believe It's Not Burton".IGN.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  38. ^McCarthy, Todd (July 15, 1996)."The Frighteners".Variety.RetrievedFebruary 10,2009.
  39. ^Berardinelli, James(1996)."The Frighteners".ReelViews.RetrievedDecember 24,2008.
  40. ^Ebert, Roger(July 19, 1996)."The Frighteners".Chicago Sun-Times.RetrievedOctober 24,2022.
  41. ^Ebert, Roger;Siskel, Gene(July 19, 1996)."The Frighteners".At the Movies with Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert.RetrievedFebruary 11,2009.{{cite news}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[dead link]
  42. ^Rosenbaum, Jonathan(1996)."Quick Change Artists".Chicago Reader.RetrievedFebruary 10,2009.
  43. ^Guthmann, Edward (July 19, 1996)."Film Review —" Frighteners "Busted by Special Effects".San Francisco Chronicle.p. D13.RetrievedFebruary 10,2009.
  44. ^O'Brien, Joey (July 19, 1996)."The Frighteners".The Austin Chronicle.RetrievedFebruary 10,2009.
  45. ^"Past Saturn Awards".Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films.Archived fromthe originalon May 12, 2011.RetrievedDecember 23,2008.
  46. ^The Frighteners (1996).ISBN078322799X.
  47. ^ab"The Frighteners (Director's Cut) (1996)".Amazon.com.November 29, 2005.RetrievedDecember 25,2008.
  48. ^"The Frighteners (Peter Jackson's Director's Cut) [HD DVD] (1996)".Amazon.com.May 29, 2007.RetrievedDecember 25,2008.
  49. ^The Frighteners Blu-ray,retrievedApril 30,2018
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