Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(July 2011) |
Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre | |
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Baron Dacre of Gilsland | |
Tenure | 30 May 1485 – 24 October 1525 |
Predecessor | Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre |
Successor | William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre |
Born | 25 November 1467 Gilsland,Cumberland,England. |
Died | 24 October 1525 Borders of Scotland and England. |
Nationality | English |
Residence | Naworth Castle |
Spouse(s) | Elizabeth de Greystoke, ''suo jure'' 6th Baroness Greystoke |
Issue | Mabel Dacre, Baroness Scrope of Bolton Elizabeth Dacre, Lady Musgrave William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre Anne Dacre, Baroness Conyers Mary Dacre, Countess of Shrewsbury Hon. Humphrey Dacre Jane Dacre, Lady Tailboys |
Parents | Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre Mabel Parr |
Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre of Gilsland,KG(25 November 1467 – 24 October 1525) was the son ofHumphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacreof Gilsland and Mabel Parr, daughter ofSir Thomas Parr of Kendalby his wife, Alice Tunstall, as well as great-aunt of queen consortCatherine Parr,the sixth and final wife ofHenry VIII.[1]
Early career[edit]
Thomas Dacre was born inCumberland,the eldest of nine children.[2]His father Humphrey died of natural causes on 30 May 1485, whereupon, Thomas succeeded him asBaron Dacre of Gilsland.
Dacre took part in theBattle of Bosworth(22 August 1485) on the Yorkist side againstHenry Tudor,where the Yorkist king,Richard III of England,was defeated and killed. He however quickly made peace with the victor. This early support for theHouse of Tudorearned him some favour with Henry Tudor (who had now ascended the throne as "King Henry VII of England" ), who would continue to trust his services for the remainder of his reign. King Henry VII named him aKnight of the Bathin 1503. Dacre later swore loyalty to King Henry's son and successor,Henry VIII of England,when he ascended the throne in 1509.
He was named deputy of theLord Warden of the Marches(an officer on the border with Scotland) in 1485, and then Warden of the Western Marches, and finally Warden-general over all the marches in 1509.James IV of Scotlandgranted him fishing rights to salmon of theriver Eskin April 1498, allowing him to build fish traps called "garths". He was to pay a duty of a number of fish to the keeper ofLochmaben Castleeach year.[3]
Dacre and his forces served underThomas Howard, Earl of Surreyat theBattle of Flodden(9 September 1513), where the invading army of James IV was crushingly defeated and its king killed. Dacre had commanded the "Border Lancers" at the battle, and their charge had savedLord Edmund Howard,commander of the English right wing. King James IV himself had been killed, and theKingdom of Scotlandthen ceased its involvement in theWar of the League of Cambrai.The victory further helped solidify the reputation of Dacre as a soldier. After the battle, Dacre discovered the body of the Scottish king, informedThomas Howard, Lord Admiral,and took it toBerwick upon Tweed.He later wrote that the Scots, "love me worst of any Inglisheman living, by reason that I fande the body of the King of Scotts."[4]
Margaret Tudor,the widow of James IV, and sister of Henry VIII, wrote to Dacre. Around September 1515 they discussed her leaving Scotland, and Margaret wrote that Dacre was misinformed, and that she could not pass where ever she wished. In August 1516 he wrote toCardinal Wolseyabout his activity in Scotland to subvert theDuke of Albany,and raids in Scotland to burn crops and farms. He had sent John Whelpdale, the Master of the College of Greystoke to collect Margaret's rents and her jewels.[5][6]
Dacre organised repairs atWark Castlein 1517 obtaining money from Cardinal Wolsey and employing the Master Mason of Berwick to design new fortifications. In June 1518 he wrote that the new donjon or keep was finished, and fit to mount great cannon on each vaulted floor. There were three wards or courtyards, almost complete.[7]
King Henry VIII named him aKnight of the Garterin 1518, alongsideWilliam Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys of the Vyne.He was present, with all the other Garter Knights, at the meeting in 1520 between Henry VIII andFrancis I of Francenow known as theField of the Cloth of Gold.
Dacre died on the borders on 24 October 1525, killed by a fall from his horse, and was buried in his family's mausoleum atLanercost Priory.By the time of his death, he held about 70,000 acres (280 km2) of land inCumberland,30,000 acres (120 km2) inYorkshire,and 20,000 acres (80 km2) inNorthumberland.Much of these lands had been inherited through marriages with the heiresses of theGreystoke,de Multon, andde Vauxfamilies, as well as grants given by both Kings, Henry VII and Henry VIII.
Known as "the Builder Dacre", Thomas Dacre built the gateway ofNaworth Castle(the seat of the Dacre family), and placed over it hiscoat of armswith the Dacre family motto below:Fort en Loialte(Norman-French:"Strong in Loyalty" ).[8]
Marriage[edit]
Circa 1488, Dacre eloped withElizabeth Greystoke, 6thBaroness Greystokesuo jure(10 July 1471 – 14 August 1516), daughter of Sir Robert de Greystoke and Lady Elizabeth Grey, daughter ofEdmund Grey, 1st Earl of KentandLady Katherine Percy.Dacre took her at night fromBrougham CastleinWestmorlandwhere, as awardof the King, she was in the custody ofHenry Clifford, 10th Baron de Clifford.[8]
Elizabeth was the eldest granddaughter and heiress ofRalph de Greystoke, 5th Baron Greystoke.She had only recently succeeded her grandfather in the barony, when by their marriage, Dacre became thejure uxorisBaron Greystoke. The extensive lands held by the Greystokes passed to the Dacre family through this marriage. These includedGreystoke Castleand the barony ofGreystoke,Morpeth Castleand the barony ofMorpeth,along with the lost manor of Henderskelf, which is now the site ofCastle Howard.[8]
Thomas and Elizabeth had eight children:[9]
- Mabel Dacre (c. 1490–1533), marriedHenry Scrope, 7th Baron Scrope of Bolton.[9]They were parents ofJohn Scrope, 8th Baron Scrope of Boltonand grandparents ofHenry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton.The 9th Baron is better known because he was governor ofCarlislein the time of QueenElizabeth I of England,and as such, took charge ofMary, Queen of Scots,when she crossed the border in 1568. He took her toBolton Castle,where she remained there till January 1569.
- Elizabeth Dacre (1495-1538), marriedSir Thomas Musgrave, Marshall of Berwick.Their son wasWilliam Musgrave, MP.[9]
- William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre(29 April 1500 – 18 November 1563),[9]married Lady Elizabeth Talbot, a daughter ofGeorge Talbot, 4th Earl of ShrewsburyandAnne Hastings,by whom he had issue.
- Anne Dacre (c. 1501 – 21 April 1548), marriedChristopher Conyers, 2nd Baron Conyers.[9]They were the parents ofJohn Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers.
- Mary Dacre (c.1502 – 29 March 1538), married her sister-in-law's brother,Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury.[9]They were the parents ofGeorge Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury.
- Hon. Humphrey Dacre,[9]married Isabel Martindale, daughter and co-heiress of James Martindale of Newton,Allerdale,Cumberland.[10]
- Jane Dacre, wife of Lord Tailboys.[9]
Legacy[edit]
His illegitimate son Thomas Dacre, nicknamed "the Bastard", successfully led a few hundred English bordermen against part of the invading force ofJames V of Scotlandon 12 November 1542. His success paved the way for the Scottish defeat atBattle of Solway Moss(24 November 1542). This Thomas was rewarded with land grants and from him starts a secondary line of "Dacres of Lanercost".
Letters between him andLady Maud Parrfor the marriage of his grandson, Henry le Scrope (son ofHenry Scrope, 7th Baron Scrope of Bolton), to her daughter,Catherine Parrsurvive.[11]The marriage never happened, but Catherine would go on to become queen consort to KingHenry VIII.
Ancestry[edit]
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See also[edit]
- Naworth Castle,ancestral home of the Dacre family
References[edit]
- ^Douglas Richardson.Magna Carta ancestry,Genealogical Publishing Com, 2005. pg 253.
- ^Douglas Richardson.Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,2nd Edition, 2011.
- ^Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland,vol. 1 (Edinburgh 1908), p. 24 no. 192.
- ^Mackie, R. L.,King James IV.Oliver & Boyd (1958), p.269:Letters & Papers Henry VIII,vol. 1 (London, 1920), no. 2193.
- ^Henry Ellis,Original Letters Illustrative of British History,series 1 vol. 1 (London, 1824), pp. 127, 131-3.
- ^Agnes Strickland,Lives of the Queens of Scotland,vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1850), pp. 135-9.
- ^J. S. Brewer,Letters and Papers Henry VIII2:2 (London, 1864), pp. 1180 no. 3383, 1307-8 no. 4217.
- ^abc"Naworth Castle".Bell's Weekly Messenger.16 July 1855.Retrieved16 November2017– viaBritish Newspaper Archive.
- ^abcdefghiDouglas Richardson.Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,2nd Edition, 2011. pg 18.
- ^Hutchinson, History of. Cumberland Volume II page 289
- ^Sir Richard le Scrope. ed. Samuel Bentley.De Controversia in Curia Militari Inter Ricardum Le Scrope Et Robertum Grosvenor Milites: Rege Ricardo Secundo, MCCCLXXXV-MCCCXC E Recordis in Turre Londinensi Asservatis,Volume 2. 1832.[1]
- ^Douglas Richardson.Magna Carta ancestry,Genealogical Publishing Com, 2005. pg 643.
- ^Douglas Richardson.Magna Carta ancestry,Genealogical Publishing Com, 2005. pg 298.