Year |
Date |
Event
|
1901 |
5 March |
The U.S.Platt Amendmentstipulates the conditions for the withdrawal of U.S. troops.
|
12 June |
The Constitutional Convention adopts the1901 Constitutionin its final form, including the provisions of thePlatt Amendment.
|
1902 |
20 May |
The Cuban Republic is established under the1901 Constitution.Tomás Estrada Palmatakes office as president.
|
1906 |
29 September |
Under attack from defeated political rivals, PresidentTomás Estrada Palmaseeks U.S. intervention and U.S. troops reoccupy Cuba under Provisional GovernorWilliam Howard Taft.
|
13 October |
Charles Magoonbecomes Provisional Governor of Cuba
|
1909 |
28 January |
U.S. occupation ends.José Miguel Gómezof the Liberal Party becomes president.
|
1912 |
May–June |
The Gómez government suppresses theNegro Rebellion,a revolt on the part ofAfro-Cubans.
|
1913 |
20 May |
The presidency ofMario García Menocalbegins.
|
1918 |
7 April |
Cuba enters World War I on the side of the Allies. Upon Menocal's reelection,José Miguel Gómezand other Liberals launch a revolt known as theChambelona War.The U.S. intervenes on behalf of Menocal's government.
|
1921 |
20 May |
Alfredo Zayasbecomes president.
|
1925 |
23 March |
By theHay-Quesada Treaty,the U.S. recognizes Cuban sovereignty over theIsle of Pines.
|
20 May |
Gerardo Machadobecomes president.
|
1926 |
13 August |
Fidel Castrois born in the province ofHolguín.
|
1928 |
10 January |
Julio Antonio Mella,a founder of the Communist Party in Cuba, is murdered in Mexico.
|
14 June |
Ernesto Guevara de la Serna,known as Che Guevara, is born inRosario,Argentina.
|
1931 |
10 August |
Old Mambi warriorsCarlos MendietaandMario García Menocalland forces at Rio Verde in an attempt to overthrowGerardo Machado.They are defeated by 14 August in military operations that include the first use of military aviation in Cuba.
|
1933 |
12 August |
Gerardo Machadois forced to leave Cuba in the face of violent opposition on the part ofABCandAntonio Guiteras Holmes,a general strike, and pressure from senior officers of Cuban Armed Forces and U.S. AmbassadorSumner Welles.A provisional government is established, withCarlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesadaas president.
|
4 September |
A group of military officers that includesFulgencio Batistalaunches theSergeants' Revoltand topples the provisional government.
|
5 September |
The five-day, five-man coalition government called thePentarchy of 1933lasted through 9 Sept..
|
10 September |
Ramón Grau(one of the pentarchy) becomes president and continues theOne Hundred Days Government.
|
2 October |
Enlisted men and sergeants loyal to Batista, joined by radical elements, force Army Officers from the Hotel Nacional inheavy fighting.
|
9 November |
Blas Hernández,his followers, and some ABC members make a stand in old Atarés Castle. They are defeated by Batista loyalists. Hernández surrenders and is murdered.
|
1934 |
16 January |
The One Hundred Days Government ends;Carlos Heviaserves briefly as president.
|
18 January |
Manuel Márquez Sterlingis president for a few hours, followed byCarlos Mendieta.
|
16 June |
ABC holds a demonstration at the Havana festival and its march is attacked by radical forces, including those ofAntonio Guiteras.[citation needed]
|
1935 |
8 May |
Leading radicalAntonio Guiterasis betrayed and dies fighting Batista forces.
|
1938 |
September |
The Communist party is legalized again.
|
1940 |
10 October |
The1940 Constitution,signed by the members of the Constitutional Assembly on 1 July, takes effect. It is suspended in 1952.
|
1941 |
9–11 December |
Cuba declares war on Japan, Germany, and Italy.[3]
|
1943 |
|
The Soviet Union opens an embassy in Havana. Its first ambassador isAndrei Gromyko.[4]
|
1951 |
5 August |
Eduardo Chibás,leader of theOrtodoxo partyand mentor ofFidel Castro,commits suicide during a live radio broadcast.
|
1952 |
10 March |
Former president Batista, supported by the army, seizes power once more. Ex-president Prío exiled to Miami, US.
|
1953 |
26 July |
Some 160 revolutionaries under the command of Fidel Castro launch an attack on theMoncada barracksinSantiago de Cubaand Cespedes barracks inBayamo
|
16 October |
On trial for his role in the attack on the Moncada barracks, Fidel Castro defends himself with a speech later published as "History Will Absolve Me".
|
1954 |
September |
Che Guevara arrives in Mexico City.
|
November |
Batista dissolves parliament and is elected constitutional president unopposed.
|
1955 |
May |
Batista issues an amnesty that frees Fidel and other members of his movement from prison.
|
June |
Brothers Fidel andRaúl Castroare introduced to Che Guevara in Mexico City.
|
1956 |
29 April |
Autentico Assault onGoicuria Barracksin Matanzas fails.[5][6]
|
November |
The yachtGranmasets out from Mexico to Cuba with 82 men on board, including Raúl Castro, Che Guevara andCamilo Cienfuegos.
|
2 December |
TheGranmalands inOriente Province.
|
1957 |
17 January |
Castro's guerrillas score their first success by sacking an army outpost on the south coast, and start gaining followers in both Cuba and abroad.
|
13 March |
University students mount an attack on the Presidential Palace in Havana. Batista forewarned. Attackers mostly killed, others flee and are betrayed.
|
28 May |
Castro's 26 July movement, reinforced by militia led by Frank Pais, overwhelm an army post in El Uvero.
|
19 July |
Calixto Sánchez Whiteleads a landing from the boatCorinthiaatCabonicoin north Oriente ofAuténticoand are defeated.
|
30 July |
Local police killFrank País,a leader of the 26 July movement, in the streets ofSantiago de Cuba.
|
5 September |
Forces loyal to Batista crush a naval revolt at Cayo Loco Naval Base inCienfuegos.[7]
|
1958 |
February |
Raúl Castro takes leadership of about 500 pre-existingEscopeterosguerrillas and opens a front in the Sierra de Cristal on Oriente's north coast.
|
13 March |
U.S. suspends shipments of arms to Batista's forces.
|
17 March |
Castro calls for a general revolt.
|
9 April |
A general strike, organized by the 26 July movement, is partially observed.
|
May |
Batista sends an army of 10,000 into theSierra Maestrato destroy Castro's 300 armed guerrillas and their supporters. By August, the rebels had defeated the army's advance and captured a huge amount of weaponry.
|
20–30 November |
Thirty key positions at Guisa are taken. In the following month most cities in Oriente fall to rebel hands.
|
December |
Guevara,William Alexander Morgan,and forces of theDirectorio Revolucionario Estudiantil,an organization of university students, attackSanta Clara.
|
28 December |
Rebel forces take Santa Clara.
|
31 December |
Camilo Cienfuegosleads revolutionary guerrillas to victory in Yaguajay;Huber Matosenters Santiago.
|
1959 |
1 January |
President Batista resigns and flees the country. Fidel Castro's column enters Santiago de Cuba. The revolutionaries startsmilitary tribunals of captured military, with some receiving the death penalty.Various urban rebels, mainly associated with Directorio, seize Havana
Cuban revolutionaries call a General Strike to ensure governmental control[8]
|
2 January |
Guevara andCamilo Cienfuegosarrive in Havana.
|
5 January |
Manuel Urrutianamed President of Cuba
|
8 January |
Fidel Castroarrives at Havana, speaks to crowds at Camp Columbia.
|
16 February |
Fidel CastrobecomesPremier of Cuba.
|
March |
Fabio Grobartis present at a series of meetings with Castro brothers, Guevara and Valdes atCojimar
|
20 April |
Fidel Castrospeaks atPrinceton University,New Jersey.[9]
|
17 May |
The Cuban government enacts theAgrarian Reform Law,seizing large (mostly corporate and foreign) holdings of agricultural land and redistributing it to smaller land owners. The new holdings are limited to 1,000 acres (4.0 km2).
|
17 July |
Osvaldo Dorticós Torradobecomes President of Cuba, replacingManuel Urrutia,who is forced to resign by Fidel Castro. Dorticós serves until 2 December 1976
|
28 October |
Plane carryingCamilo Cienfuegosdisappears during a night flight fromCamagüeyto Havana. He is presumed dead.
|
11 December |
Trial of revolutionaryHuber Matosbegins. Matos is found guilty of "treason and sedition".
|
1960 |
4 March |
The French freighterLa Coubreexplodeswhile unloading in Havana harbor, and Fidel Castro calls it sabotage by the U.S. on 5 March.[10]
|
17 March |
U.S. PresidentDwight Eisenhowerorders CIA directorAllen Dullesto train Cuban exiles for a covert invasion of Cuba.
|
6 April |
U.S. Secretary of StateLester Malloryoutlines objectives of embargo in a memo: "...inconspicuous as possible, makes the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of government."[11]
|
5 July |
All U.S. businesses and commercial property in Cuba arenationalizedat the direction of the Cuban government.
|
19 October |
U.S. imposesembargoprohibiting all exports to Cuba except foodstuffs and medical supplies.
|
31 October |
Cuban nationalization of all U.S. property in Cuba is completed.[citation needed]
|
26 December |
Operation Peter Pan(Operación Pedro Pan) begins, an operation transporting to the U.S. 14,000 children of parents opposed to the new government. The scheme continues until U.S. airports are closed to Cuban flights during 1962.
|
1961 |
|
U.S. trade embargo on Cuba.
|
1 January |
Cuban government initiates national literacy scheme.[citation needed]
|
March |
Former rebel comandanteHumberto Sorí Marinand Catholic leaders shot.
|
15 April |
Bay of Pigs invasion.
|
18 April |
Nikita Khrushchevwrites toJohn F. Kennedyto end U.S. aggression against Cuba.[12]
|
1962 |
31 January |
Cubaexpelledfrom theOrganization of American States.
|
17 August |
Central Intelligence AgencyDirectorJohn McConesuggests that the Soviet Union is constructing offensive missile installations in Cuba.
|
29 August |
At a news conference, U.S. PresidentJohn F. Kennedytells reporters: "I'm not for invading Cuba at this time... an action like that... could lead to very serious consequences for many people."
|
31 August |
President Kennedy is informed that the 29 August U-2 mission confirms the presence of surface-to-air missile batteries in Cuba.
|
Cuban Missile Crisis(1962) |
16 October |
McGeorge Bundyinforms President Kennedy that evidence shows Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba. Kennedy immediately gathers a group that becomes known as "ExComm," the executive committee of the National Security Council.
|
22 October |
President Kennedyaddresses the nationon television, announcing ablockade on arms shipmentsto Cuba.
|
23 October |
U.S. establishes air and sea blockade in response to photographs of Soviet missile bases under construction in Cuba. U.S. threatens to invade Cuba if the bases are not dismantled and warns that a nuclear attack launched from Cuba would be considered a Soviet attack requiring full retaliation.
|
28 October |
Khrushchev agrees to remove offensive weapons from Cuba, and the U.S. agrees to remove missiles from Turkey and promises not to invade Cuba.
|
1962 |
21 November |
U.S. ends Cuban blockade, satisfied that all bases are removed and Soviet jets will leave the island by 20 December.
|
1963 |
October |
2nd Agrarian reform.[citation needed]
|
November |
Compulsory military service introduced.[citation needed]
|
1964 |
|
OASenforce embargo against Cuba.
|
1965 |
3 October |
The Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI) become the governingCommunist Party of Cuba.
|
28 September |
Fidel announces Cubans can emigrate, which launches theCamarioca boatlift and airlift.[13]
|
1967 |
9 October |
Che Guevaraexecuted inLa Higuera,Bolivia.
|
1968 |
March |
All private bars and restaurants are finally closed down.[citation needed]
|
1972 |
|
Cuba becomes a member of theCouncil for Mutual Economic Assistance(COMECON).
|
1974 |
|
Maternity leavebill introduced by the Cuban government.
|
1975 |
|
The Soviet Union engages in a massive airlift of Cuban forces intoAngola.
|
|
The Family Code bill establishes the official goal of equal participation in the home.[citation needed]
|
July |
OAS lifts the trade embargo and other sanctions.
|
1976 |
March |
South African forces backing theUNITArebel force withdraw fromAngola.It is regarded as a victory for Cuban forces.
|
15 February |
A referendum endorses the1976 Constitution,which institutionalizes the principles of the Cuban Revolution. It takes effect of 24 February.
|
6 October |
Two time bombs destroyCubana Flight 455departing from Barbados, viaTrinidad,to Cuba. Evidence implicated several CIA-linkedanti-CastroCuban exilesand members of theVenezuelansecret policeDISIP.
|
2 December |
Fidel Castro becomesPresident of Cuba.
|
1977 |
1 January |
Political and administrative division divides Cuba into fourteen provinces, 168 municipalities and the special municipality ofIsla de la Juventud.
|
May |
Fifty Cuban military personnel sent to Ethiopia.[14]
|
1979 |
21 October |
Huber Matosis released from prison after serving out his full term.[15]
|
1980 |
April–October |
TheMariel Boatlift.Cuban authorities allow up to 125,000 people to depart Cuba by boat fromMariel harborfor the U.S. The Cuban and U.S. governments agree to halt the exodus in October.
|
7 June |
U.S. PresidentJimmy Carterorders the U.S. Justice Department to expel any Cubans who committed "serious crimes" in Cuba.[16]
|
1983 |
25 October |
United States invades the island ofGrenadaand clash with Cuban troops.[17]
|
1984 |
|
Cuba reduces its troop strength inEthiopiato approximately 3,000 from 12,000.[citation needed]
|
1987 |
|
Law #62 on the Penal Code introduced recognising discrimination based on any reason and the violation of the right of equality as a crime.[citation needed]
|
1989 |
12 July |
Prominent general in the Cuban armed forcesArnaldo Ochoais executed after allegations of involvement in drug smuggling.
|
17 September |
The last Cuban troops leave Ethiopia.[citation needed]
|
1990 |
23 March |
The U.S. launchesTV Marti.
|
1991 |
May |
Cuba removed all troops fromAngola.
|
26 December |
Special Period:TheSoviet Union(Cuba's closest economic partner) formallydissolved,leading to a full loss of economic and military aid, causing a prolonged economic crisis through the 1990s.
|
1992 |
July |
TheNational Assembly of Cubapasses the Constitutional Reform Law allowing for direct elections to the assembly by the Cuban people every five years.[18]
|
1993 |
6 November |
The Cuban government opens state enterprises to private investment.[citation needed]
|
1994 |
5 August |
Maleconazo:Protests break out in Havana due to economic hardships amidst the Special Period.
|
1996 |
February |
Cuban authorities arrest or detain at least 150 dissidents, marking the most widespread crackdown on opposition groups since the early 1960s.[citation needed]
|
24 February |
Cuban fighter jets shoot down two US-registered civilian aircraft over international waters, killing four men.[citation needed]
|
12 March |
In the U.S., theHelms-Burton Actextends the U.S. embargo against Cuba to foreign companies.
|
1998 |
21 January |
Pope John Paul IIbecomes the first Pope to visit the island.
|
1999 |
|
Christian anti-abortion activistOscar Elías Biscetis detained by Cuban police for organizing meetings in Havana and Matanzas.
|
5 November |
Six-year/oldElián Gonzálezis found clinging to an inner tube in theStraits of Florida.
|
2000 |
14 December |
Russian PresidentVladimir Putinvisits Cuba and signs accords aimed at boosting bilateral ties.[citation needed]
|