Jump to content

Toby Mott

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Toby Mott
Born(1964-01-12)12 January 1964(age 60)
London, England
NationalityBritish
Known forArtist, designer,Collector

Toby Victor Mott(born 12 January 1964)[1]is a British artist, designer, and sometime Punk historian known for his work with theGrey Organisation,an artists' collective that was active in the 1980s, and for his fashion brand Toby Pimlico. More recently he has become known for his Mott Collection,[2]an archive of UKpunk rockand political ephemera that includes over 1,000 posters, flyers, andfanzines.[3]

Early life

[edit]

Toby Mott was born in London, son of academic Jim Mott and social worker Pam.[4][1]He received a scholarship to attend the progressive, independentSt. Mary's Town and Country School.At some point, the scholarship was withdrawn, and he went on to complete his schooling atPimlico Comprehensive,where he shared a classroom with the screenwriterAmy JenkinsandPatrick Harrington,an infamous leading member of theNational Front.

He later studied art atWestminster Kingsway CollegewhereSid Viciousof theSex Pistolswas an alumnus.[5]Mott was a founder member of the ASA (Anarchist Street Army,a late 1970s organisation that caused disturbances in thePimlicoarea of London).[2]

In the early 1980s he lived at the Carburton Street squats inFitzrovia,a centre of artistic activity at the time – other residents includedBoy George,Marilyn,Cerith Wyn Evans,Fiona Russell-Powell,and Mark Lebon.[6]During this period Mott appeared in a number of films made by the British directorDerek Jarman,notablyThe Angelic Conversationand also appearing inGilbert & George's "Exister" pieces from 1984, currently in theTate Collection.[6]

In the late 1980s and early 1990s he was based in New York and Los Angeles working part-time as abicycle messengerand as an art director forMTVmaking music videos for various groups, among themPublic Enemy,A Tribe called QuestandThe Rolling Stones.In 1989 Mott designed album cover graphics for groups such asInformation Society[7]andDe La Soul,most notably their debut album3 Feet High and Rising[8][9]

Anarchist Street Army

[edit]

The Anarchist Street Army (ASA) was a loose collective of young punks and anarchists from several inner city London Schools includingPimlico Comprehensive,London Nautical School,andCamden School for Girls,who congregated around an independent record shop on Wilton Road called Recordsville and attendedCrassconcerts.[2] Their motives as an organisation were varied, but had a general ethos of bringing anarchy and chaos to the London streets, such as crashingCapital Radio'sNicky Horneshow in an attempt to savethe Roxy,[10]and were a forerunner to later organisations with similar attitudes such asClass War,The Wombles,and protest tactics likeBlack Bloc. The ASA's motto and anthem was 'Running Riot' a punk rock song by the bandCock Sparrer,[11]later adopted by Right Wing factions within theOi!movement.

Solo art career

[edit]
"All Coppers Are Bastards" painting from Mott's 2011 gallery based on the2011 England riots.

Mott was a co-founder of the East London art group theGrey Organisation(GO) who were active from 1983 to 1991. GO worked in several mediums including film and video and participated in over 20 international exhibitions.[12]In January 1985 the group committed an act of "art terrorism"[13]by smuggling one of their paintings into the International Contemporary Arts Fair in London. The following year they mounted an attack onCork Street,then the centre of the London art world, splashing grey paint on the windows of a number of galleries. After this, members of the group were arrested and for a time banned from central London. This resulted in them relocating to New York City where they exhibited at The Civilian Warfare Gallery in theEast Village.When GO disbanded in 1991, Mott pursued a solo career[14]exhibiting atWhite ColumnsNYC, The Thomas Soloman Garage, Los Angeles andInterim Art,London. He was for many years represented by theMaureen Paleygallery.[15]

In September 2011 Toby Mott produced a series of paintings inspired by the2011 England riots,the resulting exhibition 'Unrest' was exhibited at Vegas Gallery, London.[16]Many of the paintings in the exhibition were brandished with the slogan 'All Coppers Are Bastards' in gold leaf a reference to the legendary punk/political slogan.

De La Soul's3 Feet High and Risingalbum artwork, Giclée print

Mott said of this exhibition "I was going to call the exhibition, 'I’ll keep looting until I get caught'— a quote from a looter but which could equally apply to a banker, [T]hose at the bottom are taking their lead from those at the top; although the rioters act in a cruder way, it is essentially the same thing."[17]

In October 2011,Knightsbridgegallery New Contemporary presented a solo exhibition of paintings by Mott entitled 'This Means Everything'. "The show is comprised of collection of new paintings addressing our culture's present preoccupation with fame and success versus the historical background of nihilism and anarchy as epitomised by the punk movement."[18][19]

In 2013, Toby Mott exhibited a print edition of the original album art work for De La Soul's3 Feet High and Rising,displayed alongside memorabilia such as Mott's original sketch, his gold disc, and other items from his private collection.[20]Mott wrote an essay meant to accompany the exhibition in which he described the creation of the 1989 album art.[21]He was commissioned to design the album cover byTommy Boy Recordsand invited De La Soul to his New York loft. Atop a stepladder, he took the now-iconic black and white photograph of the three and added the dayglo "daisy-age" art in post-production.[22]

The Mott Collection

[edit]
Installation shot ofPunk on Paper.

Mott began his collection in the late 1970s. In addition to the iconic works of the era, notably those produced byJamie ReidforThe Sex PistolsandLinder Sterlingfor theBuzzcocks,it includes propaganda from political groups such asRock Against Racismand theBritish National Frontand memorabilia from theSilver Jubilee of Elizabeth II,an event that collided with punk's high-water mark in 1977.[23]Esopusreleased material from the Mott Collection related toMargaret Thatcherin 2013. The special edition publication came with several facsimile reproductions of archival materials and a removable insert that commemorated Thatcher's polarizing tenure.[24]

Exhibitions and books from the Mott Collection include:

  • Loud Flash: British Punk on Paper,MUSAC,Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León,March 2010[25]accompanied by the publication,Loud Flash: British Punk on PaperISBN978-84-92572-17-5a selection of posters and essays designed by cult designer Scott King.
  • Loud Flash: British Punk on Paper,Haunch of Venison,London, 2010[3]accompanied by the publication,Loud Flash: British Punk on PaperISBN978-1-905620-54-8produced byHaunch of Venison.On the occasion of the exhibition atHaunch of Venisona Panel discussion took place on the subject of the enduring legacy of Punk, Moderated by Mark Ingelfield, Gallery Director, panel members:Tony D,editor of Ripped and Torn fanzine,Ray Gange,star ofThe ClashfilmRude Boy,Toby Mott, artist, writer and collector; Teal Triggs, author of theThames & Hudsonbook Fanzines,Peter York,style writer and author ofThe Official Sloane Ranger Handbook.[26]
  • Crass,Andrew Roth Gallery, New York, February 2011, accompanied by the publication: Crass 1977 – 1984, PPP Editions, 2011[25]
  • Loud Flash: British Punk on Paper,Honor Fraser,Los Angeles, July 2011[27]accompanied by the publication: Loud Flash: British Punk on Paper at Honor Fraser, designed by Brian Roettinger.

On the occasion of the exhibition at Honor Fraser a panel discussion took place moderated by ProfessorVivien Goldmanof theNYU Tisch School of the Arts,panel members: Gardar Eide Einarsson, Artist,Billy Idol,Punk Musician, Toby Mott, artist, writer and collector,Simon Reynolds,British author and music journalist.[28]

  • We Have Our Own Concept of Time and Motion,Auto Italia South East,London, 25–28 Aug
  • Nothing in the World But Youth, Selections from the Mott Collection:Thatcher's youth,Turner Contemporary,Margate, 17 September 2011 – 8 January 2012 accompanied by the publication: Nothing in the World But Youth,ISBN978-0-9552363-3-4
  • We Are the Writing on the Wall,MoMA PS1:NY Art Book Fair,New York City, 30 September – 2 October accompanied by the publication: 100 Fanzines/10 Years of British Punk – 1976–1985, PPP EditionsISBN978-0-9826431-0-5[29]On the occasion of the exhibition atMoMA PS1a panel discussion took place on the history of British punk fanzines, moderated by ProfessorVivien Goldmanof theNYU Tisch School of the Arts,Toby Mott, artist, writer and collector, Joly MacFie, fanzine publisher, Victor Brand writer, Michael Gonzales afro-punk music writer.[30]
  • Jubilee 2012 – Sixty Punk Singles, The Vinyl Factory, London, 30 May – 24 June 2012.

Accompanied by the exhibition catalogue: Jubilee 2012 – Sixty Punk Singles, designed and printed by Ditto Press,ISBN978-1-84321-996-5

  • KRAFTWERK. 45RPM, The Vinyl Factory, London, 13 Sep – 5 October 2012.

An exhibition of forty-five 7 "single covers by the GermankrautrockgroupKraftwerk,many designed byEmil Schult. Accompanied by the exhibition catalogue KRAFTWERK. 45RPM, designed and printed by Ditto Press,ISBN978-09573914-0-6 In the catalogue's introductory essay 'Kraftwerk, Yesterday's Tomorrow', Mott describes the group's aesthetic as "an analogue past dreaming of today's digital present."

  • David Bowie– Nacht Musik, The Vinyl Factory, London, 7 Feb – 3 March 2013.

An exhibition of forty-five 7 "single covers by David Bowie, from hisBerlinperiod. Accompanied by the exhibition catalogue David Bowie – Nacht Musik, designed and printed by Ditto Press

  • American Hardcore 1978 – 1990, Vinyl Factory, London, 11 April – 4 May 2013.

An exhibition of fifty 7 "single covers by various American Hardcore Punk bands such asBlack Flag,JFA,Bad Brains,&The Dicksamong others. Accompanied by the exhibition catalogue American Hardcore 1978 – 1990, designed and printed by Ditto Press,ISBN978-0-9573914-2-0

  • SKINHEAD - AN ARCHIVE, published 2014 by Ditto and The Mott Collection

A publication exploring one of the most controversial and radical subcultures. with printed material curated by Mott, the book examines this multi-faceted culture through the filter of printed material, zines, posters and films. The book is divided into sub-sections looking at the original iteration of skinhead, the fascist interpretation, the socialist counterpoint,queerskinhead culture, exploitation literature, skin girls, and everything in between.ISBN978-0-9567952-7-4[31][32]

  • Showboat: Punk / Sex / Bodies(Dashwood Books -ISBN9780996657402)- Showboat is a collection published by Mott in 2016, exploring the relationship between punk and sex. Numerous people contributed to the book includingPaul Cookof theSex Pistols,Garry Bushell,filmmakerNick Zedd,and artistAnnie Sprinkle.In addition to photo galleries, the book has personal essays and lyrics from 1972 to 2016.[33]The collection also contains never before exhibited images byShirley Bakerfrom the 1980s.[34]
  • Oh So Pretty: Punk in Print 1976-1980(Phaidon Press-ISBN978-0-7148-7275-9)- In late 2016 Mott published Punk in Print, a collection of flyers, ticket stubs, and other memorabilia showing the early days of punk. The New York Observer stated the book was, "collectively, the raw, abrasive look of the promotional material from the music scene back then packs a powerful punch, presented with the immediacy of youthful creativity in an instinctive way."[35][36]The book was originally published in 2015 asPunk in Print 1976-1980.[37]

Crass exhibition

[edit]

New York's Andrew Roth Gallery hosted another part of Mott's collection, "Crass, selections from The Mott Collection", in February 2011. The exhibition of objects and artefacts centred on the anarchic, post-punk culture of the British bandCrassincluded the band's LPs, EPs, and a full collection of the band's zine,Inter-National Anthem.[38]

Jubilee exhibition

[edit]

To celebrate theDiamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II,the Mott Collection exhibited a collection of sixty 7 "punk singles including records byThe Clash,Ian Dury,The Cortinas,and theBuzzcocksamong others. The exhibition was accompanied by a publication of the same name reproducing various group's cover artwork including the iconic "God Save the Queen"by theSex Pistols. In an interview with Peter Aspden in theFinancial Times,Mott discusses how the Queen became an icon of the punk movement after the Sex Pistols defacedCecil Beaton's portrait of her with a safety-pin.[39]

"I was playing some of the records yesterday," said Mott. "They are amazing. They are so musical. They are like pop. I can't believe my parents said they were nothing but noise. Really, it is something you would want your own kids to be doing, it was so creative, instead of all this consumer stuff and video games. Punk was portrayed as this negative thing but, in fact, it was a high point and a lasting part of British culture. And that is why we should be celebrating it. Punk marked the end of the postwar period. It gave birth to individualism and then theThatcher erathat followed. "[39]

The book was designed by Ditto Press and printed on aRisographmachine.

Skinhead culture

[edit]

In 2013, Mott curated an exhibition called "Where Have All TheBootboysGone?SkinheadStyle and Graphic Subculture. "The exhibition was held at theLondon College of Communication.[40]It was said to be an exploration of the Skinhead subculture, its ties to the punk movement and Oi!, and the aesthetics and politics therein.[31]Mott was criticized for opening the exhibit duringBlack History Month,but he defended his position saying, "I don't understand the objection. I thought everyone loves skinheads. They are as British as chicken korma."[41]

In March 2014, Mott participated in London's Jewish Book Week.[42][43]He spoke on a panel on the Jewish roots of punk alongsideGeoff Travis,Daniel Miller,Charles Shaar Murray,andVivien Goldman.[44]

Cultural Traffic

[edit]

Mott launched a counter culture book fair called Cultural Traffic. It launched atTruman's BreweryinShoreditchin 2016. The fair showcases affordable art that is engaged in current social and political issues.[45]The debut collection showcased works from contributors such as Angel Rose, Skin Deep, William Ling Fine Art, and The Photocopy Club.[46]

Toby Pimlico

[edit]

Toby Pimlico is a fashion label based on paintings by Toby Mott. Mott began making paintings based on detention school 'lines' such as "I Will Try Harder"; these were then transferred onto T-shirts, transforming them into a recognisable design motif. He came up with the brand name, Toby Pimlico, and an initial six designs, including "I Must Not Chase the Boys" and "I Have Nothing To Wear".[5] The T-shirts began to have a cult following after being worn byKate Moss,the actressSienna Miller,[47]Geri HalliwellfromThe Spice GirlsandIt GirlTara Palmer-Tomkinson.The label also received praise from thePrince of Wales.[48]

Other slogans are used to promote social consciousness, such as theMarie Curie-inspired 'love you to death.'[49]

The label was launched at London Fashion Week in 1998.[5]

The Brand now includes a range of tea towels, maternity wear and knickers.[5]

Mott responded to his own success and transition from Punk to artist-businessman by calling himself a 'Gold Card Anarchist'[13]

In 2014, Mott launched the website TobyShop.com as a way to promote the brand.[50]He released a line of vintage slogan T-shirts for the Toby Shop.[51]The design is similar to T-shirts he first created in 1999, but with a modern twist. The line of shirts features slogans like "Show Me The Moet"[52]and "Saturday Girl."[51]

Personal life

[edit]

Mott divorced celebrity hairdresser Louise Galvin in 2008 after one year of marriage, as reported in theEvening Standard.Mott met Galvin through a mutual friend, she was already several months pregnant when they married.[5]"The marriage was never going to work, I discovered Louise had matchingLouis Vuittonluggage "says Mott.[5]

Their daughter was born in 2007.[53]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Toby Mott, Esq Authorised Biography | Debrett's People of Today".Debretts.com. 12 January 1964.Archivedfrom the original on 14 January 2014.Retrieved6 December2014.
  2. ^abcSean O'Hagan."Loud Flash: the art of punk | Feature | Art and design | The Observer".Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 15 January 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  3. ^ab"Loud Flas: British Punk on Paper".Art News.Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2024.Retrieved8 January2015.
  4. ^"Toby Mott, from the punk of Pimlico to power player | Life & Style".www.thisislondon.co.uk.Archived fromthe originalon 17 August 2011.Retrieved12 January2022.
  5. ^abcdefLydia Slater (9 September 2010)."Toby Mott, from the punk of Pimlico to power player – Life & Style – London Evening Standard".Thisislondon.co.uk. Archived fromthe originalon 17 August 2011.Retrieved7 April2014.
  6. ^ab"Toby Mott, from the punk of Pimlico to power player".Evening Standard.9 September 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 16 December 2014.Retrieved29 January2015.
  7. ^"Information Society – What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy) (Vinyl) at Discogs".Discogs.com.Archivedfrom the original on 13 December 2013.Retrieved7 April2014.
  8. ^"De La Soul – 3 Feet High And Rising (Vinyl, LP, Album) at Discogs".Discogs.com. 28 August 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 31 May 2013.Retrieved7 April2014.
  9. ^"The Art of the Album Cover: De La Soul's 3 Feet High and Rising by Toby Mott + the Grey Organisation".Hypergallery.blogspot.co.uk. Archived fromthe originalon 29 May 2013.Retrieved7 April2014.
  10. ^Coertie! (11 February 2010)."The Bollock Brothers!: A Punk's Journey".Bollockbrothers.blogspot.com.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2011.Retrieved7 April2014.
  11. ^"CRASS – anarcho punk, thatchergate, multimedia, art, gigs and more".Dedece Blog.Archivedfrom the original on 4 May 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  12. ^"tokyohipstersclub.com".tokyohipstersclub.com. Archived fromthe originalon 30 November 2006.Retrieved7 April2014.
  13. ^ab"Stewart Home as writer in residence at Tate Modern Level 2 Project".Stewarthomesociety.org.Archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2016.Retrieved7 April2014.
  14. ^"Frieze Magazine | Archive | Archive | Some Drawings: From London".Frieze.com.Archivedfrom the original on 15 January 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  15. ^"Maureen Paley - Past Exhibitions - 1984–2004"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 14 July 2011.Retrieved23 March2011.
  16. ^"Toby Mott Vegas Gallery, London".Undo.net.Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2024.Retrieved29 January2015.
  17. ^"Londoner's Diary | Evening Standard".Londonersdiary.standard.co.uk. 6 December 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 31 March 2012.Retrieved7 April2014.
  18. ^"New Contemporary:: EVENT".Archived fromthe originalon 22 October 2011.Retrieved21 October2011.
  19. ^"London Updates: all'ombra della zuppiera di Wedgwood. Anche Brompton rispolvera gallerie e spazi dismessi e sfoggia il suo Design District".Artribune.Archivedfrom the original on 8 April 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  20. ^"De La Soul".Snap Galleries. 26 January 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 1 February 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  21. ^"De La Soul's 3 Feet High and Rising by Toby Mott + the Grey Organisation".HyperGallery. 30 November 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 29 May 2013.Retrieved5 December2014.
  22. ^Simpson, Dave (29 April 2014)."How we made 3 Feet High and Rising".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 9 December 2014.Retrieved5 December2014.
  23. ^Spencer, Neil (28 April 2012)."1977: the Queen's punk jubilee".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2023.Retrieved10 February2015.
  24. ^"Just Vitriol".Esopus.Fall 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2015.Retrieved10 February2015.
  25. ^ab"Loud Flash. British Punk on Paper at MUSAC León".Artnews.org. Archived fromthe originalon 8 April 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  26. ^"Blog Archive" Didn't You Used To Be Tony D? ".Kill Your Pet Puppy. 3 October 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 21 April 2012.Retrieved7 April2014.
  27. ^Artforum, November 2011
  28. ^"July 16th, 2011 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM, Honor Fraser".ArtSlant. 16 July 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2015.Retrieved7 April2014.
  29. ^"Artist Talk and new book release: 100 Fanzines/10 Years of British Punk 1976–1985".Us1.campaign-archive2.com. 6 November 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2024.Retrieved7 April2014.
  30. ^"Events".Ny Art Book Fair.Archivedfrom the original on 6 December 2013.Retrieved7 April2014.
  31. ^abWillis, Tim (21 October 2013)."Skinheads: come and see the show if you think you're hard enough".High 50 Culture.Archivedfrom the original on 14 December 2014.Retrieved14 December2014.
  32. ^Abraham, Amelia (24 December 2014)."Behold: the World's Biggest Archive of Skinhead Ephemera".Vice.Archivedfrom the original on 10 January 2015.Retrieved8 January2015.
  33. ^Silveria, Paige (1 August 2016)."how punk helped kickstart a sexual revolution".Vice.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved10 March2017.
  34. ^"The Photographers' Gallery presents Punk Weekender".Yareah Magazine. 10 May 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved10 March2017.
  35. ^Baxter-Wright, Emma (21 October 2016)."Punk in Print".New York Observer.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved9 March2017.
  36. ^Sinclair, Mark (19 October 2016)."Oh So Pretty- Punk in Print 1976-80".Creative Review.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved10 March2017.
  37. ^Rosen, Miss (18 September 2016)."NY Art Book Fair 2016 Best of the Books".Crave.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved9 March2017.
  38. ^"Crass Culture Celebrated In Exhibition At Andrew Roth, New York"Archived19 December 2014 at theWayback Machine,Fact Magazine, 18 January 2011.
  39. ^abAspden, Peter (2 June 2012)."Why punk and the Queen go hand in hand".FT.com.Archivedfrom the original on 8 April 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  40. ^"Where Have All the Bootboys Gone? Skinhead Style and Graphic Subculture".ArtUpdate. 23 October 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 14 December 2014.Retrieved14 December2014.
  41. ^"Skinheads fail to curry favour".London Evening Standard.23 October 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 14 December 2014.Retrieved14 December2014.
  42. ^Hasted, Nick (26 February 2014)."Sex & drugs & herring rolls: Punk's Jewish roots revealed".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 15 March 2015.Retrieved14 December2014.
  43. ^"The Jewish Roots of Punk".www.JewishBookWeek.com.Jewish Book Week.Archivedfrom the original on 7 March 2014.Retrieved14 December2014.
  44. ^"JBW 2013: Roots of Punk".www.JewishBookWeek.com.Jewish Book Week.Archivedfrom the original on 12 November 2014.Retrieved14 December2014.
  45. ^Westall, Mark (2 October 2016)."New counter culture book fair Cultural Traffic to launch during Frieze London 2016".Fad Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved10 March2017.
  46. ^Stone, Bryony (6 October 2016)."Counter-culture fair Cultural Traffic opens in Shoreditch".It's Nice That.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2017.Retrieved10 March2017.
  47. ^Lepper, Joe (3 November 2005)."Toby Pimlico clothing brand makes 25,000 list available – Brand Republic News".Brandrepublic.com.Archivedfrom the original on 13 September 2012.Retrieved7 April2014.
  48. ^"Toby Mott and Prince Charles hit it off during a party at St James' Palace (Vogue.com UK)".Vogue.co.uk. 19 July 2001.Archivedfrom the original on 11 June 2011.Retrieved7 April2014.
  49. ^Custom byline text: Rebecca McQuillan (8 February 2002)."Scotland".Heraldscotland.com.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
  50. ^Clark, Emily (22 August 2014)."20% off Toby Mott cult t-shirts for Glam readers".Glam Media.Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2024.Retrieved29 January2015.
  51. ^ab"Vogue Confidential...Down to a T".Vogue.15 May 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved29 January2015.
  52. ^"Toby Mott's Vintage Collection".PleasureSeeker. 29 May 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 29 January 2015.Retrieved29 January2015.
  53. ^"Gwyneth Paltrow shows Chris Martin that she can sing too".The Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related toToby Mottat Wikimedia Commons