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Todd Worrell
Pitcher
Born:(1959-09-28)September 28, 1959(age 64)
Arcadia, California,U.S.
Batted:Right
Threw:Right
MLB debut
August 28, 1985, for the St. Louis Cardinals
Last MLB appearance
September 25, 1997, for the Los Angeles Dodgers
MLB statistics
Win–loss record50–52
Earned run average3.09
Strikeouts628
Saves256
Teams
Career highlights and awards

Todd Roland Worrell(born September 28, 1959) is an American former professional baseballrelief pitcher.He played all or part of eleven seasons for theSt. Louis CardinalsandLos Angeles DodgersofMajor League Baseball,serving as those teams'closerfor most of his seasons from 1985 through 1997. During his playing career, Worrell was a three-timeNational League(NL)All-Star.

Born and raised inArcadia, California,Worrell attendedBiola University.He seldom pitched until his senior year, but his 94 mile-per-hourfastballcaught the attention of a scout for the Cardinals, who made him their first round draft pick in1982.He was expected to be a starting pitcher, but he was moved to thebullpenin 1985, when the Cardinals called him up for the playoff race. Worrell posted a 2.91earned run average(ERA) in 17 games at the end of the year. In the1985 World Series,he tied a World Series record bystriking outsix consecutive hitters, but the Cardinals lost to theKansas City Royalsin seven games. Still considered arookiein 1986, Worrell led the NL with 36saves,winning the NLRookie of the Year Awardand theRolaids Relief Man Award.

In 1987, he became the first pitcher to start his career with back-to-back 30-save seasons, and he made seven appearances in the playoffs that year, as the Cardinals lost the1987 World Seriesto theMinnesota Twinsin seven games. He was selected to the NL All-Star team in 1988 and finished third in the NL in saves, but he then injured his ulnar nerve in 1989, forcing him to undergoTommy John surgery.The recovery from the operation, as well as a later rotator cuff tear, forced him to miss all of 1990 and 1991.Lee Smithhad been acquired to close in his absence, but Worrell served as hisset-up manin 1992, posting a 2.11 ERA. After the season, Worrell became afree agent.

On December 9, 1992, Worrell signed a three-year contract with the Dodgers. Expected to serve as their closer, he battled injuries his first two years in Los Angeles, prompting theLos Angeles Daily Newsto call him "perhaps the biggest free-agent bust in baseball this season" in 1993. However, he was selected to the NL All-Star team back-to-back years in 1995 and 1996, recording 32 saves in 1995 and leading the NL in saves with 44 in 1996. That season, he finished fifth in NLCy Young Awardvoting and 21st in NLMost Valuable Player Awardvoting, as the Dodgers reached the playoffs before getting swept in theNL Division Seriesby theAtlanta Braves.Worrell pitched one final season, recording 35 saves but posting a 5.28 ERA in 1997 before retiring. He threw afastballand aslider.

Early life

[edit]

Worrell was born on September 28, 1959, inArcadia, California.His middle name, Roland, was also his father's first name. Worrell was raised in Arcadia, and his father frequently took him toLos Angeles Dodgersgames at nearbyDodger Stadiumwhen he was growing up.[1][2]In 1978, he enrolled as aBiblestudent atBiola UniversityinLa Mirada, California,where he also playedbaseball.[3]

At Biola, Worrell played a number of different positions. He was used mostly as acatcherduring his junior year, though he also pitched as along reliever.As a senior, he was used as apitchermore often, but he played the outfield on days when he was not pitching. He was throwing up to 94 miles per hour (mph) his senior year, when he caught the attention of Steve Flores, ascoutfor theSt. Louis Cardinalswho attended a Biola game to watch Tony Woods ofWhittier Collegeplay. Flores was impressed with how hard Worrell threw, and the Cardinals selected him in the first round of the1982 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft.[3]

Professional career

[edit]

Minor leagues

[edit]

The Cardinals were hoping Worrell would be astarting pitcherfor them in the future.[4]He began his professional career in 1982 with theErie Cardinalsof theSingle-Ashort seasonNew York-Penn League.In ninegames(eightstarts), he had a 4–1record,a 3.31earned run average(ERA), 57strikeouts,15walks,and 52hits allowedin51+2⁄3innings pitched.[5]By his second professional season, he was already pitching for theLouisville Redbirdsof theTriple-AAmerican Association.[5]ManagerJim Fregosiwas impressed with the prospect, saying he had not seen a pitcher with a better arm since he managedNolan Ryan.[6]Worrell had a 4–2 record in 14 starts for Louisville, but his ERA was 4.74 and he had almost as many walks (42) as strikeouts (46).[5]He also spent part of the year with theArkansas Travelersof theDouble-ATexas League,posting a 5–2 record and a 3.07 ERA in 10 starts.[5]

In 1984, Worrell made 18 starts for Arkansas again, posting a 3–10 record, a 4.49 ERA, 88 strikeouts, 67 walks, and 109 hits allowed in100+1⁄3innings.[5]His ERA was lower (2.09) in eight games (seven starts) with theSt. Petersburg Cardinalsof the Single-AFlorida State League,where he had a 3–2 record, 33 strikeouts, 24 walks, and 41 hits allowed in47+1⁄3innings.[5]By 1985, he was "languishing in the minors," according toPeter GammonsofSports Illustrated.[4]"I'd throw great for three or four innings every start, then something would happen," Worrell said.[4]He began the season with Louisville as a starter once again, but Fregosi grew tired of waiting for him to improve and moved him to thebullpenin the middle of the season. As arelief pitcher,Worrell struck out 43 batters in under 31 innings before being promoted to the majors for the first time on August 27.[4]

St. Louis Cardinals

[edit]

1985

[edit]

Worrell joined a Cardinals team that was fighting to make theplayoffs.[4]He made his MLB debut on August 28, 1985, pitching1+2⁄3scoreless innings in relief in a 7–6 loss to theCincinnati Reds.Though no runs were charged to him, he allowed twoinherited runnersto score as the Reds tied the game.[7][8]After suffering anotherblown saveon September 8, he picked up his firstsaveon September 13 against theChicago Cubs,striking out four in2+1⁄3innings and allowing only one run, ahome runtoJody Davis,in a 9–3 victory.[7][9]His ERA was 5.68 through September 8, but Worrell posted a 1.76 ERA thereafter, converting five saves in five opportunities through the end of the year as the Cardinals won theNational League (NL) EastDivision title.[7][10]In 17 games (all in relief), he had a 3–0 record, a 2.91 ERA, 17 strikeouts, seven walks, and 17 hits allowed in21+2⁄3innings.[11]

1985 playoffs

[edit]

The Cardinals faced the Dodgers in theNL Championship Series(NLCS), and Worrell pitched in four of the six games of the series, making scoreless appearances in Games 1, 3, and 5.[12]RelievingJoaquin Andujarto begin the seventh inning of Game 6, with the score tied at four, Worrell threw a scoreless seventh inning, then gave up a home run toMike Marshallto start the eighth. He retired the next three hitters he faced, then got the win afterJack Clarkhit a three-run home run in the ninth, helping the Cardinals defeat the Dodgers 7–5 and win the series in six games.[13][14]In Game 1 of theWorld Seriesagainst theKansas City Royals,Worrell relievedJohn Tudorwith two outs in the seventh and runners on first and third. After walkingLonnie Smith,Worrell gotWillie Wilsonto pop out to end the inning. In the eighth, he nearly gave up a home run toGeorge Brett,butAndy Van Slykecaught the ball at the fence, and Worrell earned the save as the Cardinals won 3–1.[15][16]

In Game 5, he struck out all six batters he faced, but the Cardinals lost the game 6–1.[17]However, he joinedHod EllerandMoe Drabowskyas the only pitchers to strike out six hitters in a row in World Series play.[18][19]Worrell relievedKen Dayleyto start the ninth inning of Game 6, with the Cardinals leading 1–0 and three outs away from clinching a World Series title. The leadoff hitter for Kansas City,Jorge Orta,hit a ground ball to the mound that first baseman Clark fielded, then threw to Worrell, who had covered first. The throw narrowly beat Orta to the base, but umpireDon Denkingermistakenly called him safe. Worrell went on to allow a couple more runners to reach base, then gave up a pinch-hit single toDane Iorgthat won the game for the Royals by a score of 2–1. The Cardinals went on to lose the World Series in seven games.[20]

1986

[edit]

By 1986, Worrell was the Cardinals' "ace reliever," according to Mitch Lawrence of theDallas Morning News.[21]On April 10, the St. LouiscloserrelievedRick Ownbeywith two runners on in the seventh inning of a game against the Cubs, with the Cardinals leading 3–1. Worrell allowed one of the runners to score but pitched three scoreless innings, earning the save as the Cardinals won 4–2.[22][23]Against thePhiladelphia Phillieson June 21 and 22, he struck out four batters in1+2⁄3and four batters in1+1⁄3innings, respectively, earning the win in the first game and the save in the second.[24]He entered another game against the Phillies on July 30 with one out in the seventh, the bases loaded, and the Cardinals only up by two runs. Worrell retiredMike SchmidtandVon Hayeson fly balls without any runs scoring, then threw two more scoreless innings for the save when the Cardinals won 6–3.[25]Still considered arookiein 1986, Worrell's 2.08 ERA and league-leading 36 saves netted him that year's NLRookie of the Year Award,as well as the NLRolaids Relief Man Award.[11]His 36 saves were a record for MLB rookies at the time, though this has since been surpassed by multiple pitchers.[26][27]In 74 games, the third highest-total in the NL, Worrell had a 9–10 record and struck out 73 hitters in103+2⁄3innings.[11]Though he had 36 saves, he also blew 10 save opportunities as well.[1]

1987

[edit]
Busch Stadiumwas Worrell's home ballpark while he was with the Cardinals.

Worrell's 1987 season got off to a "poor start," according to the Associated Press; he blew saves in three games in a row from April 29 through May 2 and posted a 10.57 ERA through May 4.[28][29]Thereafter, he posted a 1.80 ERA in 18 more games through June 10, at which point he had 14 saves, a total only surpassed in the NL bySteve Bedrosian's andLee Smith's 15.[28][29]Against theAtlanta Braveson August 29, he entered a game in the ninth inning with runners on second and third, two outs, and the Cardinals up 4–2. After intentionally walkingKen Griffey, Sr.,he gotTed Simmonsto fly out to end the inning.[30]On September 19, he relievedJoe Magranein a game against the Cubs with one out in the seventh, the bases loaded, the Cardinals up 5–3, andRyne Sandbergat the plate. Worrell struck out Sandberg andAndre Dawsonto end the inning with no runs scoring, then threw two more scoreless innings for the save.[31]

In the second game of adoubleheaderagainst theMontreal Exposon September 29, Worrell relievedGreg Mathewswith no outs in the seventh, runners on first and second, and the Cardinals up 3–0. He did not allow either of the runners to score and pitched three scoreless innings for the save.[32]Worrell finished the year with 33 saves, becoming the first major league pitcher to have at least 30 saves in each of his first two full seasons.[4]Only Bedrosian (40) and Smith (36) had more saves than Worrell, but he blew 10 saves as well for the second year in a row.[1][33]In 75 games, he had an 8–6 record, a 2.66 ERA, 92 strikeouts, 34 walks, and 86 hits allowed in94+2⁄3innings pitched.[11]

1987 playoffs

[edit]

Winners of the NL East in 1987, the Cardinals faced theSan Francisco Giants,whom Worrell had posted a 7.36 ERA against, in theNLCS.Worrell entered Game 1 in relief of Mathews with one out on the eighth and a runner on first with the Cardinals leading 5–2. He got one out but gave up an RBI double toCandy Maldonadoand left the bases loaded before getting replaced by Dayley, who finished the game without letting any more runs score to earn the save.[34]Worrell gave up one run in the final three innings of Game 3, earning the save in a 6–5 Cardinal victory.[35]In Game 6, Worrell relieved Tudor with one out in the eighth and the Cardinals leading 1–0. He got the last two outs of the inning and the first out of the ninth, then was replaced by Dayley because a left-hander was due up. Thinking he might want to use Worrell later on if right-handed hitters came up later, Cardinals managerWhitey Herzogleft Worrell in the game, moving him to right field. He spent the rest of the game there, as Dayley retired both of the hitters he faced.[36][37]

The Cardinals won the NLCS in seven games, earning a trip to the1987 World Series,where they faced theMinnesota Twins.[37]Worrell pitched2⁄3of an inning in an 8–4 Game 2 loss, then threw two scoreless innings to earn the save in Game 3.[12]He entered Game 5 in the eighth inning with two outs and the Cardinals up 4–0 but runners on first and second. Worrell gave up atripletoGary Gaettithat scored both of the runners, but he gotTom Brunanskyto fly out to end the inning, then threw a scoreless ninth to earn the save.[38]In Game 7, Worrell entered in the sixth with the game tied at two, no outs, and runners on first and second. He retired two of the first three hitters he faced, butRoy Smalleywalked to load the bases.Greg Gagnethen hit a sharp ground ball and beat the throw to first base for an RBI single that gave the Twins the lead. That run was not charged to Worrell, but he did allow another run in the eighth as the Twins won 4–2, clinching a World Series championship for Minnesota.[39][40]

1988

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On April 27, 1988, Worrell relievedBob Forschwith one out in the seventh inning, runners on second and third base, and the Cardinals clinging to a 2–0 lead over theSan Diego Padres.He intentionally walkedJohn Krukto load the bases, then gave up asacrifice flytoGarry Templeton.However, he struck outTim Flanneryto end the inning, then pitched two more scoreless innings for the save.[41]Against the Braves on May 27, he pitched two scoreless innings to pick up the save in a 5–2 victory.[42]He retired all six hitters he faced on June 8, earning the save in a 5–2 victory over theNew York Mets.[43]At midseason, he was a part of theAll-Star Gamefor the first time in his career, throwing a scoreless ninth inning in the NL's 2–1 loss to theAmerican League.[44]He pitched two scoreless innings to earn a save on September 8 in a 1–0 victory over the Phillies.[45]Worrell finished the year with 32 saves in 41 opportunities; the 32 saves helped him rank third in the NL, behindJohn Franco(39) andJim Gott(34).[1][46]In 68 games, he had a 5–9 record, a 3.00 ERA, 78 strikeouts, 34 walks, and 69 hits allowed in 90 innings.[11]

1989–91

[edit]

In 1989, Worrell got a "whopping" raise according to theAssociated Press,as his salary was increased from $215,000 to $875,000; Worrell had threatened to take the Cardinals to arbitration if they did not offer him at least $862,500.[26]

On April 8, he threw a season-high2+2⁄3scoreless innings in an eventual 5–4, 12-inning loss to the Phillies.[47][48]He entered a game against the Expos on June 15 with one out in the ninth, runners on first and second, and the Cardinals trailing 3–2. Worrell finished the inning without allowing a run to score, then pitched a scoreless tenth, becoming the winner whenTom Pagnozzihad an RBI single in the bottom of the tenth to give the Cardinals a 4–3 victory.[49]Through July 14, his ERA was 1.14.[47]

On September 4, Worrell was pitching for his 127th career save, which would have tied him withBruce Sutterfor the Cardinals' career record.[11][50][51]While making a pitch, he injured hisulnar nerveand had to leave the game, ending his season.[22][52]Though he only had 20 saves at that point, he had only blown three all season.[1]In 47 games, he had a 3–5 record, a 2.96 ERA, 41 strikeouts, 26 walks, and 42 hits allowed in51+2⁄3innings.[11]On December 1, he underwentTommy John surgery,performed by Dr.Frank Jobe,to repair the damage; the recovery kept him out for the entire 1990 season. In 1991, as he was attempting to return, he was diagnosed with arotator cuff tear.He had arthroscopic surgery to repair it on July 31, forcing him to miss the rest of that season as well.[22][53]

1992

[edit]

By 1992 spring training, Worrell appeared to have recovered; managerJoe Torresaid his fastball and slider were back to their normal speeds.[22]Worrell came back in 1992 but just as aset-up man,as the Cardinals had acquired veteranLee Smithin his absence; Smith had led the NL in saves in 1991 with 47.[11][54]Used 10 times in April, Worrell pitched 11 scoreless innings.[55]On August 25, he threw a scoreless ninth and tenth inning in an eventual 5–3, 13-inning win over theHouston Astros.[56]He had back-to-back saves on September 5 and 6 in consecutive victories over the Giants.[55]On September 24, he threw a scoreless ninth and tenth innings as well in an eventual 4–3, 14-inning win over the Mets.[57]In 67 games, he had a 5–3 record, a 2.11 ERA, 64 strikeouts, 25 walks, and 45 hits allowed in 64 innings. Though he was not the closer (Smith again led the NL with 43 saves), Worrell had five saves as well.[11][54]After the season, he became afree agent.[11]Torre said of Worrell's performance in 1992, "He's a perfect set-up man for Smith. I'd like to have him back."[58]

Worrell had 129 saves with the Cardinals, briefly the team record until Smith broke it in 1993.[11][59]

Los Angeles Dodgers

[edit]

1993

[edit]

Worrell signed a three-year, $9.5 million contract with theLos Angeles Dodgerson December 9, 1992.[11][59]Because they feared the Braves would sign him, the Dodgers allowed Worrell to skip having a physical examination before signing his contract.[citation needed]Shoulder tendinitis limited him to4+2⁄3innings pitched in spring training.[60]He began the 1993 season as the team's closer but hurt his right elbow in only the second game of the year and went on thedisabled list,losing the closer role to Gott in his absence.[61][62][63]Returning on May 28, Worrell had a 14.40 ERA in five games through June 10 before going on the disabled list again, this time not returning until July 17.[61][60]His ERA rose to 10.54 on August 5 before Worrell posted a 2.74 ERA over his next 20 games.[61]From September 14 through 22, he converted four saves in five opportunities while Gott was resting with an injured shoulder.[61][62][64]Worrell made 35 appearances for the Dodgers in 1993, posting a 1–1 record, a 6.05 ERA, 31 strikeouts, 11 walks, and 46 hits allowed in38+2⁄3innings pitched.[11]He converted five saves but blew three.[1]A 1993 article by theLos Angeles Daily Newscalled him "perhaps the biggest free-agent bust in baseball this season."[60]

1994

[edit]

In 1994, Worrell was set to assume his role as the closer. However, he went on the disabled list in May and missed 17 games with a rib-cage pull. After pitching a scoreless inning in his return on May 24, he blew saves in two straight games, then was pulled from a game on May 29 with one out in the ninth after allowing a walk and a single.[65][59]A disappointed Worrell said after the game, "I guess the only way I can respond is to say I've never been taken out of a game before as the stopper. The job of the stopper always has been you win or lose with him. At least, that's the way I've been handled in the past."[59]After that comment, he stopped talking to reporters for about a month.[66]On August 8, after pitching in three straight games, Worrell entered a game against theColorado Rockiesin the ninth inning with the Dodgers leading 6–3. He allowed three runs before getting removed, and Gott allowed another one of his runners to score, giving him the loss as Colorado won 7–6.[66][67]After the game, Worrell finally spoke to reporters again but was critical, saying, "If you knew anything about baseball, you wouldn’t have to hide behind players' quotes."[66]In 38 games, Worrell had a 6–5 record, a 4.29 ERA, 44 strikeouts, 12 walks, and 37 hits allowed in 42 innings. He converted 11 saves but blew eight as well.[1]

1995

[edit]
Dodger Stadiumwas Worrell's home ballpark during his tenure with the Dodgers.

In 1995, Worrell opened the year with a scoreless streak, not allowing a run until July. Counting his final game of the 1994 season, he threw26+2⁄3scoreless innings, a streak not broken until he gave up a two-run home run toAndres Galarragaon July 1.[65][68]The Dodger closer again, he had just four saves entering June but saved eight games that month, without blowing an opportunity.[68]For the first time since 1988, he was selected to the NLAll-Starteam for the second time, though he did not pitch in the game.[69]On July 23, against theFlorida Marlins,he entered the game with one out in the eighth, one runner on base, and the Dodgers leading 3–1. Worrell struck outJeff Coninebut then walked the next two hitters to load the bases. However, he struck outTommy Greggto end the inning, then allowed just one run in the ninth, preserving the lead as the Dodgers won 4–2.[70][71]He threw a scoreless inning on September 25 to pick up the save in a 4–3 victory over Colorado.[72]Worrell converted 32 saves in 36 opportunities, ranking fourth in the NL in saves.[1][11]In 59 games, he had a 4–1 record, a 2.02 ERA, 61 strikeouts, 19 walks, and 50 walks in62+1⁄3innings.[11]

1996

[edit]

Worrell enjoyed what reporter Jason Reid called "his best season" in 1996.[73]Dating back to September 2 of the previous year, he had a streak of 24 scoreless innings that lasted untilJeff Kinghad an RBI single against him in a 4–2 loss to thePittsburgh Pirateson May 5.[74][68][75]He saved five games from June 13 through June 19.[75]For the second year in a row, he was selected to the NLAll-Starteam, pitching a scoreless eighth in the NL's 6–0 victory.[76]In August, he had 10 saves, including saves in six straight appearances from August 22 through August 30. After blowing his ninth save of the year on September 1, he converted his remaining seven save opportunities that month as the Dodgers clinched a trip to the playoffs by winning the NLWild Card.[75][77]Worrell finished the season with a career-high 44 saves, tied withJeff Brantley's total for the NL lead and a Dodger single-season record untilEric Gagnehad 52 in 2002.[78][79][80]In 72 games, he had a 4–6 record, a 3.03 ERA, 66 strikeouts, 15 walks, and 70 hits allowed in65+1⁄3innings pitched.[1]He finished fifth in NLCy Young Awardvoting and finished 21st in NLMost Valuable Player Awardvoting.[11]Worrell threw a scoreless ninth in Game 2 of theNL Division Seriesagainst the Braves, but that was his only appearance of the series as Atlanta swept Los Angeles in three games.[12][81]

1997

[edit]

In 1997, Worrell was frequently booed by Dodgers fans.[73]One of his worst games of the year came in the second game of a doubleheader on September 25, when he entered in the ninth with the Dodgers leading the Pirates by a score of 3–1. After walkingEddie Williamsto lead off the ninth inning, Worrell allowed back-to-back home runs toJoe RandaandMark Smithas the Pirates rallied to win 4–3.[73][82]Though he remained in the closer role all year, managerBill Russellstarted bypassing him in favor ofDarren DreifortorScott Radinskyin September. One highlight for Worrell came on September 5, when he got his 126th save for the Dodgers, breakingJim Brewer's team record. However, he would only have one more save all season.[73]In 65 games, he had a 2–6 record, a 5.28 ERA, 61 strikeouts, 23 walks, 60 hits allowed, and a career-high 12 home runs allowed in59+2⁄3innings pitched.[11]Worrell had 35 saves but blew nine, topped only by the 11 blown byGreg McMichaelof the Mets. He retired following the 1997 season, with agent Rich Bry explaining the decision was because of a desire to spend more time with his family.[73]His 127 saves with the Dodgers were the team's record for a few years, untilJeff Shawrecorded his 128th with Los Angeles in 2001.[73][83]

Pitching style

[edit]

Worrell threw a fastball and slider. A 1986Sports Illustratedarticle said he consistently threw in the 93–94 mph range, but Hal Bock of the Associated Press wrote in 1987 that Worrell's fastball travelled 90 mph.[36][84]When he returned from the Tommy John surgery in 1992, the fastball was travelling at 95 mph, and the slider was averaging 90 mph.[22]Bock wrote that Worrell's fastball dared hitters, as if it were saying, "Hit me if you can."[36]"When I come in and there are runners on base, I don't think that if they score, they're not credited to me," Worrell said. "You have to take a little pride, take the responsibility. They're yours."[28]

Personal life

[edit]

Worrell and his wife, Jamie, have three sons and one daughter —Josh, Jeremy, Jacob, and Hannah each of whom played baseball or Softball atIndiana Wesleyan UniversityinMarion, Indiana.[85]Josh was drafted in the 30th round of the2009 MLB draftby the Royals and played three seasons in the low minors.[86]Todd's younger brother,Tim,played in MLB from 1993 through 2006, serving as a closer himself with the Giants in 2003 and the Phillies in 2004.[1][87]On June 13, 1997, they both earned a save, becoming the second pair of brothers to do so on one day.[88]After retiring, Todd served as the pitching coach atWestminster Christian Academyin St. Louis. One student athlete he coached,Jacob Turner,went on to be a first-round draft pick by the Tigers in 2009.[89][90]As of 2020, Worrell's son Jacob is Westminster's pitching coach.[91]Todd also used to be the pitching coach for theRiver City Rascals,a former franchise in the independentFrontier League.[92]

For three years, Worrell served as president of theFellowship of Christian Athletes;he has been involved in the organization for more than 14 years.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghij"Todd Worrell Stats, Fantasy & News".MLB.com.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  2. ^Langill, Mark (2004).Dodger Stadium.Arcadia, CA: Arcadia Publishing.ISBN978-0738528687.
  3. ^abEdes, Gordon (October 26, 1985)."Late Bloomer from Biola".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  4. ^abcdefGammons, Peter (April 4, 1988)."How Do You Spell Success? Relief".Sports Illustrated.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  5. ^abcdef"Todd Worrell Minor Leagues Statistics & History".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  6. ^Reed, William F. (July 11, 1983)."Louisville Is a Major Minor".Sports Illustrated.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  7. ^abc"Todd Worrell 1985 Pithcing Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  8. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at Cincinnati Reds Box Score, August 28, 1985".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  9. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at Chicago Cubs Box Score, September 13, 1985".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  10. ^"1985 St. Louis Cardinals Statistics".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  11. ^abcdefghijklmnopq"Todd Worrell Stats".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  12. ^abc"Todd Worrell Postseason Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  13. ^"1985 National League Championship Series (NLCS) Game 6, Cardinals at Dodgers, October 16".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  14. ^"It's Cardinals, Royals in World Series".The Ellensburg Daily Record.October 17, 1985. p. 10.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  15. ^"1985 World Series Game 1, Cardinals at Royals, October 19".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  16. ^Fimrite, Ron (October 28, 1985)."The Cards Sure Showed 'Em".Sports Illustrated.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  17. ^"1985 World Series Game 5, Royals at Cardinals, October 24".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  18. ^"Firesteel Creek Hunting Lodge".firesteelcreek.com.Archived fromthe originalon June 1, 2014.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  19. ^Greene, Dan (October 26, 1985)."After the Call".Sports Illustrated.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  20. ^Fimrite, Ron (January 6, 1986)."In the Eye of the Strom".Sports Illustrated.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  21. ^Lawrence, Mitch (July 10, 1986)."Even the Mets are amazed..."The Day.p. D1.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  22. ^abcdeEdes, Gordon (March 18, 1992)."Worrell's '80-year-old Hand' Now Throwing 95-mph Fastballs".The Orlando Sun Sentinel.Archived fromthe originalon April 7, 2016.RetrievedAugust 20,2020.
  23. ^"Chicago Cubs at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, April 10, 1986".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  24. ^"Todd Worrell 1986 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  25. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at Philadelphia Phillies Box Score, July 30, 1986".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  26. ^ab"Whopping raise for Worrell".The Ludington Daily News.February 2, 1989. p. 10.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  27. ^O'Brien, David (November 14, 2011)."Kimbrel wins NL Rookie of Year, Freeman runner-up".The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.Archived fromthe originalon November 15, 2011.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  28. ^abc"Worrell saves 14th; Cardinals defeat Phillies".The Kentucky New Era.June 11, 1987. p. 1C.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  29. ^ab"Todd Worrell 1987 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  30. ^"Atlanta Braves at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, August 29, 1987".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  31. ^"Chicago Cubs at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, September 19, 1987".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  32. ^"Montreal Expos at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, September 29, 1987".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  33. ^"1987 NL Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  34. ^Walker, Ben (October 7, 1987)."Cardinals take opener".The Gettysburg Times.p. 1B.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  35. ^"1987 National League Championship Series (NLCS) Game 3, Cardinals at Giants, October 9".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  36. ^abcBock, Hal (October 16, 1987)."Whitey Cards' main weapon".The Kentucky New Era.p. 4C.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
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  38. ^"1987 World Series Game 5, Twins at Cardinals, October 22".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  39. ^"1987 World Series Game 7, Cardinals at Twins, October 25".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  40. ^"Twins bring World Series title home to dome".Observer-Reporter.October 26, 1987. p. B1.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  41. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at San Diego Padres Box Score, April 27, 1988".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  42. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at Atlanta Braves Box Score, May 27, 1988".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  43. ^"New York Mets at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, June 8, 1988".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  44. ^"1988 All-Star Game Box Score, July 12".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  45. ^"Philadelphia Phillies at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, September 8, 1988".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  46. ^"1988 NL Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  47. ^ab"Todd Worrell 1989 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  48. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at Philadelphia Phillies Box Score, April 8, 1989".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  49. ^"Montreal Expos at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, June 15, 1989".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  50. ^"St. Louis Cardinals Top 10 Career Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  51. ^"Montreal Expos at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, September 4, 1989".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  52. ^"Montreal Expos at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, September 4, 1989".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedNovember 1,2020.
  53. ^"Worrell to undergo surgery".United Press International.November 20, 1989.RetrievedAugust 20,2020.
  54. ^ab"Lee Smith Stats".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  55. ^ab"Todd Worrell 1992 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  56. ^"St. Louis Cardinals at Houston Astros Box Score, August 25, 1992".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  57. ^"New York Mets at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, September 24, 1992".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  58. ^"Cardinals defeat Dodgers to complete sweep".The Southeast Missourian.August 31, 1992. p. 3B.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  59. ^abcdHummel, Rick (June 1, 1994)."Closing Calls Eluding Worrell".The St. Louis Post Dispatch.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  60. ^abc"Worrell Thinks He'll Be Closer for la in '94".The St. Louis Post Dispatch.September 25, 1993.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  61. ^abcd"Todd Worrell 1993 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  62. ^ab"Jim Gott 1993 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  63. ^Barnes, Craig (April 8, 1993)."Worrell Hurts Arm, Leaves Game".The Orlando Sun Sentinel.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  64. ^Hudson, Maryann (September 25, 1993)."Baseball/Daily Report: Dodgers: Gott's Bum Shoulder a Real Bummer".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  65. ^ab"Todd Worrell 1994 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 22,2020.
  66. ^abcHudson, Maryann (August 9, 1944)."Beaten Worrell Reacts".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  67. ^"Los Angeles Dodgers at Colorado Rockies Box Score, August 8, 1994".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  68. ^abc"Todd Worrell 1995 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  69. ^"1995 All-Star Game Box Score, July 11".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  70. ^"Dodgers 4, Marlins 2".The Southeast Missourian.July 24, 1995. p. 2B.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  71. ^"Los Angeles Dodgers at Florida Marlins Box Score, July 23, 1995".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  72. ^"Colorado Rockies at Los Angeles Dodgers Box Score, September 25, 1995".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  73. ^abcdefReid, Jason (December 5, 1997)."Worrell Closes Door on Career".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  74. ^"Los Angeles Dodgers at Pittsburgh Pirates Box Score, May 5, 1996".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  75. ^abc"Todd Worrell 1996 Pitching Gamelogs".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  76. ^"1996 All-Star Game Box Score, July 9".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  77. ^"1996 Los Angeles Dodgers Statistics".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  78. ^"1996 NL Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  79. ^"Eric Gagne Stats".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  80. ^"Dodgers 2, Mets 1".The Southeast Missourian.August 19, 2002. p. 4B.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  81. ^"1996 National League Division Series (NLDS) Game 2, Braves at Dodgers, October 3".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  82. ^"Los Angeles Dodgers at Pittsburgh Pirates Box Score, August 25, 1997".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  83. ^"Jeff Shaw Stats".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  84. ^Gammons, Peter (August 4, 1986)."Between the Lines".Sports Illustrated.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  85. ^"Baseball Inks Third Worrell Brother".Indiana Wesleyan University.April 7, 2009.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  86. ^"Josh Worrell minor league statistics".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 26,2020.
  87. ^"Tim Worrell Stats".Baseball-Reference.RetrievedAugust 25,2020.
  88. ^"Díaz brothers part of history with saves on same day".MLB.com.
  89. ^Latsch, Nate (April 19, 2009)."Westminster's Turner brings out the scouts".The St. Louis Post Dispatch.Archived fromthe originalon April 21, 2009.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  90. ^Goold, Derrick (June 9, 2009)."Detroit takes Westminster Christian ace Jacob Turner".The St. Louis Post Dispatch.RetrievedJune 5,2011.
  91. ^"Faculty & Staff: Athletics".Westminster Christian Academy.Archived fromthe originalon August 21, 2020.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
  92. ^Spedden, Zach (June 1, 2015)."Promotions Watch: Independent League Giveaways".Ballpark Digest.RetrievedAugust 21,2020.
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