Trachelidae
| Trachelidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Cetonana laticeps | |
| |
| Trachelas pacificus,male | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Trachelidae Simon,1897[1] |
| Diversity | |
| 20 genera,271 species | |
Trachelidaeis a family ofaraneomorphspiders(more recently evolved spiders with inward-pointing chelicerae) first described byEugène Simonin 1897 as a subfamily called "Tracheleae" ( "Trachelinae" in modern terminology).[2]The Trachelidae family, also known as "ground sac spiders", is within the group of spiders known as theRTA clade,which includes mostly wandering spiders that do not use webs. Spiders in the Trachelidae family are characterized as being 3-10mm long and having a red cephalothorax and a yellow/tan abdomen. They are commonly found indoors.[3]It was placed in the familyClubionidae,then later inCorinnidaewhen the Clubionidae were split up. The first study that suggested Trachelidae should be considered its own family was done by Deeleman-reinhold in 2001 as part of an analysis of RTA Clade spiders.[4]An analysis byMartín J. Ramírezin 2014 suggested that it was not closely related to other members of the Corinnidae, and was better treated as a separate family.[5]It was then placed in theCTC cladeof spiders, or the Claw Tuft Clasper clade,[6]which is a group of spiders that have two tarsal claws with tufts of hair.[7]
A majorsynapomorphyof Trachelidae is the reduction of leg spines. Other synapomorphies of the family include no scales, no epiandrous spigot, only one major ampullate gland in females, no median apophysis, and the secondary spermatheca are the same size as the primary.[8]Currently, there are271 known speciesacross 20 genera.
Genera
[edit]As of July 2021[update],theWorld Spider Catalogaccepts the following genera:[1]
- AfrocetoLyle & Haddad, 2010– Africa
- CapobulaHaddad, Jin, Platnick & Booysen, 2021– South Africa, Lesotho
- CetonanaStrand, 1929– Russia, Brazil
- FuchibaHaddad & Lyle, 2008– Africa
- FuchibotulusHaddad & Lyle, 2008– South Africa, Mozambique
- JocquestusLyle & Haddad, 2018– Africa
- MeriolaBanks, 1895– South America, North America, Guatemala
- MetatrachelasBosselaers & Bosmans, 2010– Algeria, Europe
- OrthobulaSimon, 1897– Asia, Africa
- PacciusSimon, 1898– Madagascar, Seychelles
- ParacetoJin, Yin & Zhang, 2017– China, Korea
- ParatrachelasKovblyuk & Nadolny, 2009– Asia, Algeria, Europe
- PatellocetoLyle & Haddad, 2010– Ethiopia
- PlanochelasLyle & Haddad, 2009– Ghana, Uganda, Ivory Coast
- PoachelasHaddad & Lyle, 2008– South Africa, Zimbabwe
- SpinotrachelasHaddad, 2006– South Africa
- ThysaninaSimon, 1910– South Africa, Namibia, Tanzania
- TrachelasL. Koch, 1872– Asia, Central America, North America, Caribbean, Spain, South America, Africa
- TrachelopachysSimon, 1897– South America
- UtivarachnaKishida, 1940– Asia
References
[edit]- ^ab"Family: Trachelidae Simon, 1897".World Spider Catalog.Natural History Museum Bern.Retrieved2021-07-02.
- ^Simon, E. (1897).Histoire naturelle des araignées(2 ed.). Paris.doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
- ^"Family Trachelidae".bugguide.net.Retrieved2020-11-30.
- ^Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa L. (2001).Forest Spiders of South East Asia: With a Revision of the Sac and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae, and Trochanterriidae).BRILL.ISBN978-90-04-11959-8.
- ^Ramírez, Martín J. (2014). "The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.390:331–335, 342.hdl:2246/6537.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^Lyle, Robin (August 2015)."Two New Species of the Afrotropical Sac Spider Genus Afroceto Lyle & Haddad, 2010 (Araneae: Trachelidae)".African Invertebrates.56(2): 415–423.doi:10.5733/afin.056.0212.ISSN1681-5556.S2CID83664295.
- ^"Dionycha",Wikipedia,2020-10-23,retrieved2020-11-30
- ^Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando (2015-08-07)."Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico".Zootaxa.3999(1): 95–110.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.6.ISSN1175-5334.PMID26250328.