Trachurus

Jack mackerels; Temporal range:Eoceneto Present
	Japanese horse mackerel,Trachurus japonicus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Carangiformes
Family:	Carangidae
Subfamily:	Caranginae
Genus:	Trachurus; Rafinesque,1810
Type species
	Trachurus saurus; Rafinesque,1810
Synonyms
	BranchialepesFowler,1938; SuareusDardignac & Vincent, 1958;

Jack mackerelsorsaurels^[2]are marine fish in the genusTrachurusof the familyCarangidae.The name of the genus derives from theGreekwordstrachys( "rough" ) andoura( "tail" ). Some species, such asT. murphyi,are harvested inpurse seine nets,andoverfishing(harvesting beyond sustainable levels) has sometimes occurred.^[5]

It is often used inJapanese cuisine,where it is calledaji,inTurkish cuisine,where it is calledistavrit,and inPortuguese Cuisine,where it is calledcarapau.

Species

The genusTrachuruswas defined in 1810 byConstantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz,who called thetype speciesTrachurus saurus.Taxonomistslater determined thatT. sauruswas in fact the same species as one described earlier asScomber trachurus,defined in1758byCarl Linnaeus.Under the rules ofbinomial nomenclature,that species is now known asTrachurus trachurus,commonly known as the Atlantic horse mackerel.

The currently recognized species in this genus are:^[6]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Trachurus capensisCastelnau,1861	Cape horse mackerel	southeastern Atlantic from the Gulf of Guinea to eastern South Africa.
Trachurus declivis(Jenyns,1841)	greenback horse mackerel	western and southern Australia, and around New Zealand
Trachurus delagoaNekrasov,1970	African scad	south western Indian Ocean.
Trachurus indicusNekrasov,1966	Arabian scad	Red Sea and Somalia through the Persian Gulf east as far as Pakistan and south to the Saya de Malha Bank.
Trachurus japonicus(Temminck&Schlegel,1844)	Japanese jack mackerel	Japan, apart from Okinawa Island
Trachurus lathamiNichols,1920	rough scad	eastern coasts of North and South America and the Gulf of Mexico
Trachurus longimanus(Norman,1935)	Crozet scad	east Atlantic and south western Indian Oceans
Trachurus mediterraneus(Steindachner,1868)	Mediterranean horse mackerel	eastern Atlantic from Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, including the Mediterranean Sea.
Trachurus murphyiNichols,1920	Chilean jack mackerel	south Pacific off the coasts of Chile and Peru, around New Zealand and south Australia, and in a band across the open ocean in between
Trachurus novaezelandiaeJ. Richardson,1843	yellowtail horse mackerel	Australia and New Zealand
Trachurus picturatus(S. Bowdich,1825)	blue jack mackerel	the Bay of Biscay to south Morocco and the western Mediterranean.
Trachurus symmetricus(Ayres,1855)	Pacific jack mackerel	western coast of North America, ranging from Alaska in the north to the Gulf of California in the south
Trachurus trachurus(Linnaeus,1758)	Atlantic horse mackerel	eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea andSea of Marmaraand the Black Sea.
Trachurus trecaeCadenat,1950	Cunene horse mackerel	eastern Atlantic from Morocco south to Angola