Trams in Warsaw

Trams in Warsaw
Tramwaje Warszawskie sp. z o.o. logo
Pesa Swingtram onPoniatowski Bridge
Overview
Native name	Tramwaje Warszawskie
Locale	Warsaw,Poland
Transit type	tram
Number of lines	25
Website	Official website Warsaw Public Transport
Operation
Began operation	11 December 1866
Operator(s)	Tramwaje Warszawskie
Technical
System length	125.3 km (77.9 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm(4 ft8+1⁄2in)standard gauge
System map A map of the Warsaw tram system

Map of Warsaw tramway network before 1945

Horse tram onMarszałkowska Street,1867

Electric tramway construction, Warsaw,Marszałkowska StreetandJerusalem Avenueintersection, 1907

Electric trams on Marszałkowska Street, 1914

Restored type A, K and N trams running during aNight of Museumsin 2021

Restored Konstal N tram car from the 1950s running on a special tourist line

Konstal 13Ntram cars from the 1960s, retired in 2012

TheWarsaw tram networkis a 125.3-kilometer (77.9 mi)tram system serving a third ofWarsaw,Poland, and serving half the city's population.It operates 726 cars,and is the second-largest system in the country (after theSilesian system).There are about 25 regular lines,forming a part of the city's integrated public transport system organized by theWarsaw Transport Authority.Since 1994 the system is operated by the municipally-owned company Tramwaje Warszawskiesp. z.o.o.

History

Horse tram

The history of tram transport in Warsaw dates back to 1866 when a 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) long horse tram line was built to transport goods and passengers between theVienna Railway Stationand thePetersburgandTerespolrailway stations across theVistula River.This was in order to circumvent limitations imposed by Russian authorities, which prevented the construction of a railway bridge for strategic reasons. In 1880, a second line was constructed with the help of Belgian capital, this time intended as public transit within the city. The Belgian company quickly expanded its own lines, and in 1882 took over the line between the railway stations, which had lost most of its original purpose after a railway bridge was finally built in 1875. In 1899 the entire tram system, by then 30 kilometres (19 mi) of tracks with 234 tram cars and 654 horses operating 17 lines, was purchased by the city. By 1903, plans were drafted to convert the system to electric trams, which was done by 1908.

Interbellum

The development mostly stagnated for the next 10 years with only a few short stretches built. After World War I, the network developed rapidly handling increased traffic and extending to the outskirts of the city with the network reaching the length of 60 kilometres (37 mi) and 757 tram cars in 1939. In 1927, a privately ownedlight railline called EKD (todayWarszawska Kolej Dojazdowa) was built, connecting several neighboring towns with the center of Warsaw using electricmotor coachessimilar to trams, only faster, larger and more massive, with frequent stops and tracks running along the streets in city; however the system was incompatible with the Warsaw trams as it usedstandard gaugetracks while the city network still usedRussian gaugeleft from Russian times. In 1925, the company operating the Warsaw trams decided to construct anundergroundsystem. Preliminary boring started, but the work was suspended because of theGreat Depression;the idea resurfaced in 1938, but was again buried with the outbreak of World War II.

Second half of the 20th century

The tram system remained operational, although gradually deteriorating, during most of theNazioccupation until theWarsaw Uprisingin 1944, after which all the infrastructure wassystematically destroyed.After the war it was rebuilt relatively fast. As the system was practically built from scratch the occasion was used to convert it to standard gauge. During the 1950s and 1960s, the network was extended to newly built districts of soviet stylepanel housesand industrial plants and newer trams based on the design ofPresidents' Conference Committeewere introduced. Due to the city's lack of a metro system and restriction on car ownership, the tram system remained the backbone of Warsaw's transport system. In the 1960s, however, apolitical decisionwas made to increase the dependency on oil imported from Russia, while Polish coal was to be exported to Western Europe in exchange forhard currency;as a result, newly developed districts were connected with the city center by buses rather than trams, and some of the existing tracks were closed.

Present situation

After 1989, the tram system in Warsaw initially received little investment with a large part of the city's budget spent on the construction of the firstWarsaw Metroline. However, since 2005, the situation has been changing with the purchase of new rolling stock, modernization of key tram lines, and deployment of apassenger information system.Plans also include extension of the network and an"intelligent" traffic management systemwhich is to prioritize trams at traffic lights. In August 2008, a tender for delivery of 186 low-floor, air-conditioned trams was launched, allowing for a dramatic overhaul of the look of the tramway system.

In 2014 a first entirely new line since a quarter century was opened, connectingTarchomin,a quickly growing remote residential district on the north-eastern outskirts of the city, with the existing tram network and theM1 metro line.The route underwent further expansion with the latest 1 km (0.6 mi) long segment finished in September 2021 after multiple delays.More new lines are being planned: one with 4 km (2.5 mi) of new tracks toGocław,and another to the eastern parts of theBiałołękadistrict.The construction of a new tram route to Wilanów was launched in August 2022and was completed in October 2024.It is unclear when work will start on the line to Gocław.

Rolling stock

Image	Tram car type	Low-floor	Number of cars	Description
	Konstal 105Na (1252+1251)	No	2 cars (1 two- car set)	Produced in 1988 and refurbished in 2020. The renovation carried out to restore the composition of elements characteristic of this particular one, e.g. Black lighting fixtures, painting with characteristic city crests on the sides or the typeface of rolling stock numbers used by Konstal. The wagon also has full glazing of the door. The car set is/was used on lines 15, 35, 36 and 78
	Konstal 105Na	No	275 cars (132 two-car sets + 10 single cars + 1 retired car)	The most commonly used model in Warsaw. Produced from 1973 to 2001. An evolution of the earlierKonstal 13N,the city's first modern tram, a copy of thePCC streetcarderived CzechoslovakTatra T1widely used throughout the Soviet Bloc. First cars were based on the electrical systems from the 13N placed in a lighter body, later ones had them replaced with more efficient ones. Most commonly used in sets of two, however, single units also appear. Sets of three had been used in the past, but they were replaced by new low-floor trams.
	Konstal105N2k/2000	No	62 cars (31 two-car sets)	105Na with a new front. Produced from 2000 to 2001. Only used in sets of two.
	HCP 123N	No	30 cars (14 two-car sets + 2 single cars)	Based on 105Na. Produced in 2007.
	Konstal 112N	partly	1	A single prototype Konstal 112N, partially low-floor, two-section articulated tram based on 105Na, built in 1995.
	Konstal 116N/116Na	partly	29	Vehicles feature three sections and a larger percentage of low-floor area (approx. 60%), designated 116N/116Na, produced between 1998 and 2000.
	Pesa 120N	Yes	15	Pesa 120Nwas the first tram in Warsaw with 100% of low floor. It was bought in 2007 to operate a modernized route in the city center.
	Pesa Swing(120Na)	Yes	180	In 2009 186 vehicles (120Na) were purchased to operate a planned new line and to replace some of the oldest trams.
	Pesa Swing (120NaDuo)	Yes	6	At the request of the city, the last 6 units were manufactured as bi-directional, designated 120NaDuo, to allow using them on a partially-built line with noballoon loop.
	Pesa Jazz Duo (128N)	Yes	50	In 2013 50 bi-directional trams of a new design were purchased from PESA to be delivered in 2014, planned to allow operating on possible new lines during their construction and sections of existing tracks during maintenance works that made balloon loop inaccessible.
	PESA 134N	Yes	30	Ordered in January 2014 fromPESAinBydgoszczThey are used on less loaded lines. They were bought to replace old single cars fromKonstal.
	Hyundai Rotem 140N	Yes	85	Bi-directional, articulated, five-section vehicles, ordered in June 2019, to be delivered by April 2023.
	Hyundai Rotem 141N	Yes	18	Unidirectional version of 140N, ordered in June 2019, to be delivered by April 2023.
	Hyundai Rotem 142N	Yes	20	Short (three-section) version of 141N, ordered in June 2019, to be delivered by April 2023.
Total number of sets:			615
Percentage of low-floor sets:			63%

Konstal 105N2k/2000

Tram depots

Depot	Address	Photo	Year est.	Lines
ZET R-1Wola	Młynarska 2		1903	9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28
ZET R-2Praga	Kawęczyńska 16		1925	3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28
ZET R-3Mokotów	Woronicza 27		1955	1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 25, 31, 33, 35
ZET R-4Żoliborz	Zgrupowania Kampinos 10		1963	1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 15, 17, 18, 22, 24, 26, 28, 33, 35
ZET R-5Annopol	Inowłodzka		2024	1, 3, 4, 25

Historic fleet

Sources:

Image	Model	Tram car type	Year of manufacture	Fleet number
	A	Falkenried/MAN	1907	43
	Lw	Linke-Hoffman Werke	1925	541
[1]	C	Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein	1925	257
	K	Gdańska Fabryka Wagonów	1940	403-1
		Wspólnota Interesów w Katowicach	1940	445
[2]		?	1940	446
[3]	N	Konstal	1949	607
			1951	734
[4]	ND	Sanocka Fabryka Wagonów	1951	1620
	4N	Konstal	1961	873
[5]	4ND		1960	1811
	4Nj		1957	838
	13N		1959	503
[6]			1967	407
[7]			1968	462
			1969	795
			1969	821+818
	102N		1969	5
	102Na		1971	42
	105N		1975	1000, 1001
	105Na		1988	1252+1251

Tickets

Warszawska Karta Miejska, citytravel card

There is a single fare system for every mode of transportation. Tickets can be purchased at ticket machines and newsagents all over the city, as well as using a mobile app.

Warsaw tram line 22 in 1940

Route list

This is a list of Warsaw Tramway lines. As of 2015, there were several track closures all over the tramway system, due to the construction of the secondmetro line.This list shows tram lines operating as of 30 October 2023 and the routes they operate on as of the same date.

Route number	Description	Map
1	(Żerań Wschodni) Annopol↔ (Pl. Narutowicza)Banacha Annopol – Rembielińska – Matki Teresy z Kalkuty – Odrowąża – rondo Żaba – Starzyńskiego – mostGdański– Słomińskiego – rondo Zgrupowania AK „Radosław” – Okopowa – Towarowa –rondo Daszyńskiego– Towarowa –plac Zawiszy– Grójecka –plac Narutowicza– Grójecka – Banacha
2	Winnica↔Metro Młociny Światowida – Kuklińskiego – mostSkłodowskiej-Curie– Zgrupowania AK „Kampinos”
3	Annopol↔Gocławek Annopol – Rembielińska – Matki Teresy z Kalkuty – Odrowąża – rondo Żaba – 11 listopada – Targowa –plac Wileński– Targowa – Zamoyskiego – Grochowska
4	Wyścigi↔Żerań Wschodni Puławska – plac Unii Lubelskiej –Marszałkowska–plac Zbawiciela–Marszałkowska– rondo Dmowskiego –Marszałkowska–plac Bankowy– aleja Solidarności – mostŚląsko-Dąbrowski– aleja Solidarności – Jagiellońska – Ratuszowa – Targowa – 11 Listopada – rondo Żaba – Odrowąża – Matki Teresy z Kalkuty – Rembielińska – Annopol
6	Gocławek↔Metro Młociny Grochowska – Zamoyskiego – Targowa –plac Wileński– Targowa – Ratuszowa – Jagiellońska – Starzyńskiego –most Gdański– Słomińskiego – Międzyparkowa – Andersa – Mickiewicza – plac Inwalidów – Mickiewicza –plac Wilsona– Słowackiego – Marymoncka – Zgrupowania AK „Kampinos”
7	Kawęczyńska-Bazylika↔P+R Aleja Krakowska Kawęczyńska – Kijowska – Targowa – aleja Zieleniecka – aleja Poniatowskiego – mostPoniatowskiego–Aleje Jerozolimskie– rondo Dmowskiego –Aleje Jerozolimskie–plac Zawiszy– Grójecka –plac Narutowicza– Grójecka – aleja Krakowska
9	Gocławek(Wiatraczna) ↔P+R Aleja Krakowska (Pl. Narutowicza) Grochowska – aleja Waszyngtona – aleja Poniatowskiego – mostPoniatowskiego–Aleje Jerozolimskie– rondo Dmowskiego –Aleje Jerozolimskie–plac Zawiszy– Grójecka – plac Narutowicza – Grójecka – aleja Krakowska
10	Osiedle Górczewska↔Wyścigi Górczewska - Powstańców Śląskich – Połczyńska – Wolska – Kasprzaka – Prosta – aleja Jana Pawła II – Chałubińskiego – aleja Niepodległości – Nowowiejska – placPolitechniki– Nowowiejska –plac Zbawiciela–Marszałkowska– plac Unii Lubelskiej – Puławska
11	Sielce ↔ Cmentarz Wolski (Nowe Bemowo) Gagarina – Spacerowa – Goworka – Puławska – Marszałkowska – Nowowiejska – aleja Niepodległości – Chałubińskiego – aleja Jana Pawła II – Prosta – Kasprzaka – Wolska
13	Kawęczyńska-Bazylika↔Cmentarz Wolski Kawęczyńska – Kijowska – Targowa –plac Wileński– aleja Solidarności – mostŚląsko-Dąbrowski– aleja Solidarności – Wolska
14	Banacha↔Miasteczko Wilanów Banacha – Grójecka –plac Narutowicza– Filtrowa – Krzywickiego – Nowowiejska – placPolitechniki– Nowowiejska –plac Zbawiciela–Marszałkowska– plac Unii Lubelskiej – Puławska - Goworka - Spacerowa - Belwederska - Sobieskiego - aleja Rzeczypospolitej
15	Marymont-Potok↔P+R Aleja Krakowska Mickiewicza –plac Wilsona– Mickiewicza – plac Inwalidów – Mickiewicza – Andersa –Pl.Bankowy–Marszałkowska– rondo Dmowskiego –Marszałkowska–plac Konstytucji–Marszałkowska–plac Zbawiciela– Nowowiejska –plac Politechniki– Nowowiejska – Krzywickiego – Filtrowa –plac Narutowicza– Grójecka – aleja Krakowska
16	Piaski (Muranowska)↔Miasteczko Wilanów Broniewskiego - aleja Jana Pawła II - Stawki - Andersa -Pl.Bankowy-Marszałkowska-plac Zbawiciela- plac Unii Lubelskiej = Puławska - Goworka - Spacerowa - Belwederska - Sobieskiego - aleja Rzeczypospolitej
17	Winnica (Metro Marymont)(Tarchomin)↔PKPSłużewiec Nowodwory - Światowida – Kuklińskiego – Most Skłodowskiej-Curie – Marymoncka – Słowackiego – Popiełuszki – aleja Jana Pawła II – rondo Zgrupowania AK „Radosław” – aleja Jana Pawła II –rondo ONZ– aleja Jana Pawła II – Chałubińskiego – aleja Niepodległości – Rakowiecka – Boboli – Wołoska – Marynarska
18	ŻerańFSO↔PKPSłużewiec Jagiellońska – Starzyńskiego – mostGdański– Słomińskiego – Międzyparkowa – Andersa –Pl.Bankowy–Marszałkowska– rondo Dmowskiego –Marszałkowska–plac Konstytucji–Marszałkowska–plac Zbawiciela–Marszałkowska– plac Unii Lubelskiej – Puławska – Woronicza – Wołoska – Marynarska
20	Boernerowo↔ŻerańFSO Kaliskiego – Dywizjonu 303 – Obozowa – Młynarska – aleja Solidarności – mostŚląsko-Dąbrowski– aleja Solidarności –plac Wileński– Targowa – Ratuszowa – Jagiellońska
22	Wiatraczna↔Piaski Grochowska – Zamoyskiego – aleja Zieleniecka – aleja Poniatowskiego – mostPoniatowskiego–Aleje Jerozolimskie– rondo Dmowskiego –Aleje Jerozolimskie–plac Zawiszy– Towarowa –rondo Daszyńskiego– Towarowa – Okopowa – rondo Zgrupowania AK „Radosław” – aleja Jana Pawła II – Broniewskiego
23	Czynszowa↔Nowe Bemowo Czynszowa – Stalowa (Stalowa – Środkowa –plac Wileński– Czynszowa) – 11 Listopada – Targowa – Ratuszowa – Jagiellońska – aleja Solidarności – mostŚląsko-Dąbrowski– aleja Solidarności – Młynarska – Obozowa – Dywizjonu 303 – Radiowa – Powstańców Śląskich
24	Gocławek↔Nowe Bemowo Grochowska – aleja Waszyngtona – aleja Poniatowskiego – mostPoniatowskiego–Aleje Jerozolimskie– rondo Dmowskiego –Aleje Jerozolimskie–plac Zawiszy– Towarowa –rondo Daszyńskiego– Towarowa – Okopowa – aleja Solidarności – Młynarska – Obozowa – Dywizjonu 303 – Radiowa – Powstańców Śląskich
25	Annopol↔Banacha Annopol – Rembielińska – Matki Teresy z Kalkuty – Odrowąża – rondo Żaba – 11 Listopada – Targowa –plac Wileński– Targowa – aleja Zieleniecka – aleja Poniatowskiego –most Poniatowskiego–Aleje Jerozolimskie– rondo Dmowskiego –Aleje Jerozolimskie–plac Zawiszy– Grójecka –plac Narutowicza– Grójecka – Banacha RIDE ONLY ON WORKDAYS
26	Metro Młociny↔Wiatraczna Młociny – Powstańców Śląskich – Połczyńska – Wolska – aleja Solidarności – mostŚląsko-Dąbrowski– aleja Solidarności –plac Wileński– Targowa – Zamoyskiego – Grochowska
27	Cmentarz Wolski↔Metro Marymont Wolska – aleja Solidarności – Okopowa – rondo Zgrupowania AK „Radosław” – aleja Jana Pawła II – Popiełuszki
28	Dw. Wschodni(Kijowska)↔Osiedle Górczewska Kijowska – Targowa –plac Wileński– Targowa – Ratuszowa – Jagiellońska – Starzyńskiego –most Gdański– Słomińskiego – rondo Zgrupowania AK „Radosław” – aleja Jana Pawła II – Broniewskiego – Powstańców Śląskich – Radiowa – Dywizjonu 303
31	Metro Wierzbno↔PKPSłużewiec Puławska – Woronicza – Wołoska – Marynarska
33	Kielecka↔Metro Młociny Rakowiecka – aleja Niepodległości – Chałubińskiego – aleja Jana Pawła II –rondo ONZ– aleja Jana Pawła II – rondo Zgrupowania AK „Radosław” – aleja Jana Pawła II – Broniewskiego – Wólczyńska – Nocznickiego
36	MetroMarymont↔Pl.Narutowicza Filtrowa - Nowowiejska -Pl.Konstytucji-Marszałkowska-Pl.Bankowy- Andersa - Mickiewicza - Słowackiego

The standard headway is every 8 minutes during peak hours and every 12 minutes off-peak, but the trams on lines 1, 9, 17, 31, and 33 run every 4–6 minutes. Line 2 has the most frequent service with trams running every 2 minutes during peak hours.

Tram loops

Name	Image	date of opening	Lines
Annopol		1971	1325
Banacha		1959	11425
Boernerowo		1933	20
Cmentarz Wolski		1924	111327
Czynszowa		1958	23
Dworzec Wschodni (Kijowska) Warszawa Wschodnia railway station		1866	28
Gocławek		1925	36924
Kawęczyńska Bazylika		1925	713
Kielecka		1927	33
Marymont-Potok		1961	15
Metro Marymont Marymont metro station		1935	172736
Metro Młociny Młociny metro station		1957	263326
Metro Wierzbno Wierzbno metro station		2006	31
Miasteczko Wilanów		2024	1416
Muranowska		2024	16
Nowe Bemowo		1997	112324
Osiedle Górczewska		1992	1028
P+R Aleja Krakowska		1971	7915
Piaski		1968	1622
PKP Służewiec Warszawa Służewiec railway station		1961	171831
Plac Narutowicza		1921	1936
Sielce		2024	11
Stegny		planned 2025
Tarchomin Kościelny		2014	17
Wiatraczna		1949	92226
Winnica		2021	217
Wyścigi		1938	410
Żerań FSO		1953	1820
Żerań Wschodni		1952	14

See also

• List of town tramway systems in Poland
• Warsaw Metro
• Zarząd Transportu Miejskiego w Warszawie

External links

• Media related toTrams in Warsawat Wikimedia Commons
• Warsaw Transport Authority – network maps
• Tramwar – a private website about trams in Warsaw(in Polish)